Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
11
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
11-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the issue of organizing information about a threat or an emergency that has already occurred
(accident) is transmitted primarily to children's, educational and medical institutions that are in the zone of possible
damage.
The issue of the action of the leaders of an educational institution when receiving an alert signal and conveying
information about an emergency situation, parents (relatives of children, educators, teachers or adults who are close
to children without parental supervision) are required to take all available measures recommended to the population
in order to ensure the safety of children.
KEYWORDS
Emergencies, students, school, parents, evacuation, notification.
INTRODUCTION
Research Article
CARRYING OUT EMERGENCY RESCUE OPERATIONS IN CASE OF
EMERGENCY IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Submission Date:
March 07, 2023,
Accepted Date:
March 12, 2023,
Published Date:
March 17, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume03Issue03-03
Abdazimov Shavkat Khakimovich
Candidate Of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor Of The Department "Technosphere Safety" Of Tashkent
State Transport University, Uzbekistan
Amirov Mukhtar Uktamovich
Assistant Of The Department "Technosphere Safety" Of Tashkent State Transport University, Uzbekistan
Qambarov Abduvali Hamidovich
Teacher Of The Educational Center For Life Safety Department Of Emergency Situations Of Tashkent Region,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
12
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
11-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
At all stages of its development, man was closely
connected with the outside world. At the turn of the
21st century, humanity is increasingly experiencing the
problems that arise when living in a highly
industrialized society. Dangerous human intervention
in nature has increased dramatically, the scope of this
intervention has expanded, it has become more
diverse and now threatens to become a global danger
to humanity. The number of emergencies is growing
like an avalanche and has doubled over the past 20
years. And this means that the number of victims and
material damage is growing, both in industry and in
transport, at home, in the army, etc. But the greatest
danger
is
represented
by
major
accidents,
catastrophes at industrial facilities and transport, as
well as natural and environmental disasters.
Caring for children should always be in the center of
attention of adults. Protecting the health and life of
children in any emergency is one of the most humane
and most important tasks.
We must not forget that in the past few years alone,
several million people have died in the world as a result
of natural disasters. Every third of them is a child.
During emergencies, children are especially susceptible
to injury, illness, the danger of losing relatives and
remaining alone, helpless in a large mass of people, and
therefore need special attention and care (Picture 1.).
Figure 1. Aftermath of the earthquake in Turkey.
Taking care of their protection is not only a matter for
parents, but also for all administrative, economic and
public structures of the state.
Child protection guidelines
Information about a threat or an emergency situation
(accident) that has already occurred is transmitted
primarily to children's, educational and medical
institutions that are located in the zone of possible
damage.
Upon receipt of the alert and information about the
emergency, parents (relatives of children, caregivers,
teachers or adults who are near children without
parental supervision) are required to take all available
measures recommended to the public in order to
ensure the safety of children.
Such measures, depending on the situation, can be: the
evacuation of children together with their parents
(adults) from dangerous places, the provision of
medical care, the creation of normal sanitary and
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
13
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
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03
Pages:
11-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
hygienic conditions, the provision of good nutrition,
the adoption of measures to search for the parents
(relatives) of lost children.
For children of preschool age, a note is put in a pocket
or sewn to their clothes, indicating their last name, first
name and patronymic, home address, as well as the
last names, first names and patronymics of their
parents.
In emergencies, it is better if children are supervised by
parents or other relatives, as they feel safer with them.
During emergencies, the duty to ensure that children
are not separated from their parents or caregivers lies
primarily with their family, the educational institution
or institution where the children are, local authorities
and the national government (Figure 2.)
Figure 2. Rescued children
If, nevertheless, children are separated from their
parents (relatives), local authorities or the government
are responsible for providing children with protection
and care. Their duties also include searching for the
parents or relatives of the child for the purpose of
family reunification. Children who were separated
from their families during emergencies cannot be
considered orphans and cannot be adopted until the
fate of their parents or close relatives is fully clarified.
In the event of a natural disaster, accident or
catastrophe, children must be provided with the
necessary qualified medical care, optimal sanitary and
hygienic
conditions
and
good
nutrition.
In
emergencies, it is especially important to continue
breastfeeding infants.
In crowded places, diseases spread very quickly. All
refugee children or children in an emergency situation
and temporarily living in difficult conditions should be
vaccinated in accordance with the recommendations
of the state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance
authorities.
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
14
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
11-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In order for children to feel secure, it is necessary to
create familiar conditions for them as soon as possible
- to involve them in the life of a new community,
organize schooling, play with peers, sports activities
and other forms of recreation, a regular diet and sleep
schedule. If the child's stress reaction is prolonged and
becomes acute, he should be provided with qualified
assistance.
Explosive objects and unexploded ordnance present a
particular danger. Children should be provided with
safe places to play and should be strictly prohibited
from picking up or playing with unfamiliar objects.
Caring for children should always be the center of
attention of adults. Protecting the health and life of
children in any emergency is one of the most humane
and most important tasks.
In the event of an increase in the threat of any
emergency event (floods, storms, hurricanes, snow
drifts, cold snaps, infectious diseases, etc.), do not
allow children to leave home, they must be constantly
supervised by adults. If it is necessary to leave older
children at home, they should be warned to keep the
radio loudspeaker or radio on at all times in case of
announcements of alerts or emergency information.
Remind them of the strictest observance of sanitary
and hygienic rules: mandatory washing of hands with
soap and water before eating, drinking only boiled
water and milk, washing fruits and vegetables with
boiled water before drinking, thorough cleaning of
living quarters, washing dishes with soap or other
detergents.
Give all explanations to children, taking into account
their age and psychological characteristics. In no case
should you cause fear in children with your behavior
and conversations. This can lead to severe mental
trauma.
Teachers, educational and service personnel of schools
must know their duties in case of an accident or fire
near an educational institution, a natural disaster, a
place of shelter for children, a route to it. To do this, all
educational institutions should hold classes, trainings,
days of protection of children.
General rules for teacher behavior:
1. The teacher's actions in case of accidents,
catastrophes and natural disasters should be based on
the instruction leaflets developed by the public
protection and emergency services in accordance with
local conditions;
2. In each class, office, training workshop, an
evacuation plan from a particular room should be in a
conspicuous place. If the evacuation plan provides for
the use of an emergency exit, then it should be free,
not cluttered with various objects. If the emergency
exit door is locked according to the security conditions
of the building, then it is necessary to indicate in the
evacuation plan where the key to the emergency exit
is located;
3. In each office, classroom, training workshop, there
must be fire extinguishing equipment in the form of a
universal or powder fire extinguisher;
4. In all premises of an educational institution, there
must be first-aid kits with a set of basic first aid
equipment: iodine, bandages, rubber bandages, an
aqueous solution of ammonia;
5. All educational institutions must have a local or their
own radio outlet, radio network, through which
messages, alerts, warnings or instructions to teachers
about the necessary actions will be transmitted in case
of emergency;
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
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03
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SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
6. In no case should the teacher lose his temper, panic
himself and prevent panic among students. Leaving
the premises in the event of an emergency is possible
only in an organized manner. The teacher needs to
remember that panic usually creates a crowd, crush,
and evacuation is much more difficult, the threat to the
life of students increases;
7. In order to facilitate the teacher's actions during an
emergency, it is necessary to periodically conduct
exercises of a certain orientation with evacuation from
the building;
8. In order for accidents not to be unexpected, the
teacher needs to know which enterprises are located
near the educational institution and what kind of
accidents can be (explosions, emissions of toxic gases,
fires with the release of toxic substances, etc.). It
should always be remembered that many enterprises
are currently in a pre-emergency state due to the
severe deterioration of the main equipment and
treatment systems. In this regard, there may be volley
emissions into the atmosphere or into the system of
effluents of harmful and life-threatening substances;
9. The teacher also needs to know his next steps after
evacuating the building and the location of safe
shelters.
Usually, in large-scale emergencies, local public health
and emergency services notify the population and tell
them what actions need to be taken.The teacher needs
to be guided by these alerts and messages with the
resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic
of Uzbekistan and the requirement of the law of the
Republic of Uzbekistan "On the protection of the
population and territory from natural and man-made
emergencies."
students of secondary general education
schools - during the academic year, in accordance with
the state educational standards of secondary general
education and curricula as part of the educational
process - in the classroom, sports games and
competitions, as well as in the classroom in the
complexes for preparing for actions in emergency
situations of territorial training centers and out-of-
school educational institutions;
-
students of secondary specialized, vocational
educational institutions and students of higher
educational institutions - during the academic year, in
accordance with state educational standards of
secondary
specialized,
vocational
and
higher
education and training programs as part of the
educational process - in the classroom, sports games
and competitions, as well as in the classroom in the
complexes for preparing for actions in emergency
situations of territorial training centers;
The teacher must remember that the evacuation to a
safe place of educational institutions, their students
and staff is carried out in the first place.
At present, cases of fires with tragic consequences
have become more frequent in educational
institutions, so you need to be extremely careful and
careful when handling electrical appliances, do not
overload the power grid by turning on several high-
power electrical appliances.
On a mandatory basis, periodically it is necessary to
invite specialists of the state protection and
emergency situations to educational institutions to
familiarize teachers and staff with the current situation
in the area where this institution is located.
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
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Pages:
11-17
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In an emergency situation, the following tasks are
assigned to the management of educational
institutions:
• bringing information from the headquarters of the
CP and ES to all teachers and students;
• timely provision of their personal and medical
protection means;
• orga
nizing and conducting emergency prevention of
students and those affected;
• conducting rescue operations.
The peculiarity of rescue work in a school is that they
must begin from the moment a signal of danger or the
beginning of a disaster is received and be carried out
until they are fully completed.
Hearing the signal "Attention everyone!", It is
necessary to act quickly and decisively. To do this, the
school should develop an algorithm of actions for
teachers and students in two versions - actions during
the break and during the lesson.
In the event of a threat of an emergency during a
break, the teacher should act as follows:
►
hearing the signal “Attention everyone!”, the
teacher directs the students to the class in which there
should be a lesson according to the schedule;
►
according to the class log, he checks the presence
of students;
►
Clarifies information from the administrator on duty:
order, direction of movement and place of gathering;
►
in case of need for evacuation, takes students out of
the school;
►
closes the doors after the children are out in order
to reduce the rate of fire spread through the building;
►
Immediately report to the head of the school's CP or
the chief of staff of the CP.
Students, having heard the signal “Attention
everyone!
”must:
►
go to class quickly and in an organized manner
according to the lesson schedule;
►
listen carefully and follow all the instructions of the
teacher;
►
organized follow, if necessary, to the collection
point (evacuation);
►
Help the teacher quickly conduct roll call.
Similar actions are provided for when a signal is
received during classes.
2. Rescue work in an educational institution
They can be divided into two stages:
• the first stage
- from the moment of receiving a signal
of danger or an emergency and until the arrival of
rescuers (GZ formations, emergency situations of the
city) in the disaster area;
• the second stage
- from the moment of arrival of the
HC formations and until they complete their assigned
tasks, i.e. the removal (withdrawal) of all students to
the safe zone and the evacuation of the wounded to
the treatment zone.
REFERENCES
1.
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the
protection of the population and territory from
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
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SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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(2022:
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(2023:
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
natural
and
man-made
emergencies"
T.20.08.1999
2.
Latchuk V.N., Mironov S.K. Fundamentals of
life safety. Notebook for assessing the quality
of knowledge. Grade 11. A basic level of. M.:
Drofa, 2018. 80 p.
3.
Abdazimov Sh.Kh., Khudaiberganov S.K.,
Makhkamov Zh.N. "Foreign experience in the
protection of railways and national economy
facilities from natural emergencies (during
landslides)".
Scientific
and
practical
conference "Actual issues of prevention and
response to emergencies" / Academy of FVV -
Tashkent: LLC "Academy", 2021. - 359 p.
4.
Abdazimov Shavkat Khakimovich. Accident -
rescue and other urgent work in the event of
mudflows and mudslides affecting the train in
mountainous areas during the transportation
of dangerous goods. Us. TI. No. 7. 2022 pp. 178-
186
5.
Amirov, M. U., Erkhonboev, N. A. Ў. (2023).
Consideration of measures to ensure personal
safety and health in the field of life safety.
Ta'lim fidoyilari, 4(1), 149-152.
6.
Amirov, M. W., Erkhonboev, N. A. (2023). "Life
safety" modern relevance of the study of
science. Ta'lim fidoyilari, 4(1), 153-160.
