100
so’z birikmalarining tahlil qilish jarayonida tillar o’rtasida ko’plab biriga nomutanosib bo’lgan holatlarga
duch keldik. Biz ushbu maqolmizda ularning ayrimlarigagina to’xtalib o’tdik.
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1.
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Бўронов Ж., Ҳошимов Ў., Исматуллаев Х. English Grammar. Инглиз тили грамматиккаси.
Тошкент: Ўқитувчи, 1974. – 351 б.
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Сулайманова Н.Ж. Макон дейксисини ифодаловчи синтактик бирликлар (инглиз ва ӯзбек
тиллар мисолида) Ученый XXI века 2016 № 2-3 (15)
COMPARATIVE DIFFERENCES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME BETWEEN ENGLISH
AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Turaev Aziz Islamovich
SamSIFL, independent researcher
Annotation:
This article discusses the comparative differences between adverbal clauses in English
and Uzbek, the role of adverbal clauses in English and Uzbek, and how they are formed.
Keywords:
Compound sentenses, adverbal clauses of time in English, adverbial clauses of time in
Uzbek, conjunctions.
Аннотация:
В этой статье обсуждаются сравнительные различия между наречиями в
английском и узбекском языках, роль наречий в английском и узбекском языках и их образование.
Ключевые слова:
Сложные предложения, наречия времени в английском языке, наречия
времени в узбекском языке, союзы.
Аннотация
Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida payt ergash gaplarning qiyosiy farqlari, ingliz va o‘zbek
tillarida payt ergash gaplarningo‘rni hamda qanday hosil bo’lishi haqida so‘z boradi.
Kalit so’zlar:
Qo’shma gaplar, ingliz tilida payt ergash gaplar, o’zbek tilida payt ergash gaplar,
bog’lovchilar.
It is well known that in the following compound sentences, two or more simple sentences are
connected by a mutual dominance-subordination relationship. The following sentence is subordinate to the
main sentence and explains a part of the main sentence. The preposition and the adverb are grammatically
and semantically connected, form a whole, and express a common idea. It is said that they enter into a
relationship through the use of practical forms of the verb (adjective, adverb and conditional verb combined
with various grammatical means), auxiliary words
9
(Abdurahmanov G., 1996, 185). The grouping of the
following conjunctions is determined by which part of the preposition follows. It should be noted that there
is a commonality among linguists in the classification of adverbs. In Uzbek linguistics, adverbs are
subdivided into 14 types: 1) possessive, 2) participle, 3) complementary, 4) determiner, 5) form, 6) measure-
degree, 7) comparative. analogy, 8) cause, 9) purpose, 10) time, 11) place, 12) condition, 13) unimpeded, 14)
result-following statements (Gulomov A., Askarova M., 1987, 187). N.Mahmudov also analyzes the
semantics of the following compound sentences on the basis of the same classification (Nurmonov A.,
Mahmudov N., Ahmedov A., Solikhojaeva S., 1992, 243). G.Abdurahmanov divides them into the following
types: 1) determinant, 2) complementary, 3) possessive, 4) cut, 5) time, 6) cause, 7) condition, 8) purpose, 9)
unobstructed, 10) result, 11) form, 12) comparison, 13) generalizing-explanatory sentences (Abdurahmanov
G., 1996, 191-216). Although all of the above conjunctions are reflected in his classification, the
comparative and generalizing follow-up sentences are unreasonably fragmented. For example, while
commenting on the nature of conjunctions with generalizations, he writes: “There are types of adverbs that
are connected to the preposition in an analytical-synthetic way. In this case, the preposition and the adverb
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are connected by relative pronouns, and the part of the adverb is represented by a conditional tense. Hence,
such adverbs are connected to the preposition mainly by lexical means and conditional tenses. This
connection is two-way, and the connecting lexical means are used both in the following sentence and in the
main sentence ”(Abdurahmanov G., 1996, 216).
10
In the old Uzbek language, the above types of adverbs are also noted. Here are some of them:
A follow-up sentence indicates the time of occurrence or non-occurrence of an action that is
understood from a part of the main sentence, the main part, or the general content of the main sentence.
There is a temporal relation between the adverb and the preposition; In this case, the action in the
preposition may occur at the same time as the action in the preposition, or before or after it. The action in the
preposition and the preposition occur simultaneously. The action in the preposition and the following
sentence may begin and end at the same time, or the occurrence of the action in both may be partially
consistent. Such a relationship between the preposition and the following sentence is represented by the
following grammatical means: The part of speech is represented by an adjective with a suffix. In this type of
adverbs have two meanings:
-a) The action and the situation in the following and the main part of the sentence occur
simultaneously.
In this case, the tense forms of the adverb and the preposition are compatible.
-b) The action in the following sentence begins earlier, and the action in the main sentence joins it and
begins: When the young man became nervous about his parents' insistence that he marry, fortunately, he
entered the institute.
2. The participle is followed by the conditional verb: Akbar hurries into the classroom, there is no
teacher.
The participle of the following sentence is in the form of an adjective and is combined with the words
time, day, time, time, rest, time, time, which indicate the time when the suffix is taken.
Sections of this type of adverbs are in the form of past participles. In this case, the action in the
following sentence is completed, and at the same time the action in the main sentence takes place. action,
situation, character in the main sentence feature: Odil looks outside and sees Sherbek's blackbird flying in the
yard, he tells Dilnoza…
In English, tenses are formed by the conjunctions When, Which, that. When a sentence is given with a
conjunction, it is translated into Uzbek as follows: 1. While her true love waited too, and they were still
waiting when Bill came in (E.H., 113).
11
2. A few kids came up when the bus stopped (E.H., 122).
12
When
the bus stopped, several children came running (E.H., 107). 3. When the fifers stopped they all crouched
down in the street (E.H., 143) With the sound of the trumpet they all crouched down in the middle of the
street (E.H., 127). 4. When the left two bulls had been unloaded the herd were all together (E.H., 132). After
unloading the last two bulls, the herd gathered together (E.H., 117). 5. When I went back into the inn the
woman was down in the kitchen (E.H., 106). When I returned to the hotel, the lady was in the kitchen (E.H.,
92). While, after, as, what time are also used to connect the following sentences with the main sentence: 1.
While I had him on, several trout had jumped at the falls (E.H., 113). As I took it off the hook, a few hanbals
jumped into the air (E.H., 98).
13
2. After it was over we went out and pressed tight in the crowd (E.H., 158)
14
When the fight was over, we rushed out into the street and out of the crowd (E.H., 142). 3. As we started
along the road he turned and walked back toward the inn (E.H., 122). As we set off, he turned around and
walked towards the hotel (E.H., 107). 4. I don’t know what time I got to bed. (E.H., 138). I do not remember
what time I went to bed (E.H., 122). When syntactic units expressing temporality are present in simple
sentences, it means the time of the action represented by the part of the sentence, that is, the speaker
participates in the sentence to clearly express to his interlocutor that the action has been performed. Thus, the
expression of temporal elements in a simple speech device is adverbial units yet - yet, never - never, now -
now, still - still, ever - once, once - once, just - once, already - already, always - during, always, then - then,
then, then, at this time, sometimes - sometimes, at once - immediately, during Foreign philology №1, 2020
168 - at this time, during, soon now ot + dansonra, ot + before - before + son + before, before + ot - before +
ot, at + ot - at + adjective, at + son + at, for + son + at - son + at + during, the prepositions in and by can be
combined with lexical units representing time. In addition, the lexical units representing yesterday,
tomorrow, tonight, day, days of the week are combined with one, all, next, last, some, each, etc. each + horse
is translated. In the case of temporal conjunctions, tenses are given to the preposition with the help of
conjunctions such as when, while, after, as, what time. clarifies the execution of the action.
The adverb is in the form of a past participle, which takes the form of a part of speech, and since it is
connected to the preposition with the help of an auxiliary, the adverb indicates the time of the beginning of
the action in the preposition:… since all these sentences , Siddiqjon did not like Kori….
The action in the main and following sentences, the feature comes at different times. An action that is
102
understood from a part of speech, a feature that is understood from a part of speech, can occur after or before
a feature.
A. The action in the preposition, the action following the feature, precedes the action. These types of
adverbs include the following types of adverbs:
I will not allow him to go anywhere, to watch or to go home until he repeats the lessons he learned last
week and memorizes them from the past tense. Before the people leave the village, the shootings are stopped
for a while. The meaning is clear: neither the lantern of the sky moved, nor the star walked, did not move,
stood with a deep pleasure.
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1.
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INGLIZ TILIDA ANATEM BIRLIKLARNING LEKSIK-SEMANTIK VOQELANISHI
Hasanova Nasiba Shavqiyevna
SamDCHTI, o’qituvchi
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqola anatem birliklarning kelib chiqish tarixi, qo’llanilish o’rni va badiiy asarlardagi
namunalari haqida qisqacha ma`lumot beradi. Anatem birliklar tilshunoslikning pragmatika sohasi mavzusi
hisoblanadi va bu deyarli o’rganilmagan yo’nalish. Maqola U.Shekspir, Goffrey Chauser, Jon Don asarlariga
murojaat qiladi hamda ularda qo’llanilgan anatemalarning ma’nosini o’quvchiga taqdim qiladi.
Kalit so’zlar:
anatema, la’nat, qarg’ish, pragmatika, cherkov, kofir, pragmatic qobiliyat, nutqiy akt.
Pragmatika tilshunoslikning bir sohasi bo’lib, unda so’zlovchining fikri tinglovchi tomonidan turli
omillarni hisobga olgan holda tushunilishi o’rganiladi, bunda nutq so’zlangan vaziyat, tinglovchining aqliy
holati hamda bundan oldin sodir bo’lgan dialog muhim o`rin tutadi.
N.Ishihara, A.D.Kohen (2010) pragmatic qobiliyat hamda nutqiy aktlar haqida quyidagi fikrlarni aytib
o’tgan: pragmatic qobiliyatga ega bo’lish og’zaki yoki yozma nutqning o’z ma`nosini emas, balki undan
anglashilgan taxmin, maqsad va amalga oshirilayotgan ishlarning turlarini ham tushuna olishni anglatadi.
Chunki muloqot jarayonida fikrlar har doim ham ochiq bayon qilinmaydi, ba`zida yashiringan ma`noni
tushunish ingliz tilida so’zlashuvchilar uchun ham qiyin bo’lishi mumkin va buning bir qancha sabablari bor.
Pragmatik qobiliyat haqida so’z borganida, suhbat jarayonida kishilarning kechirim so’rash,
shikoyatqilish, talab qilish, rad qilish, xushomad qilish va minnatdorchilik kabi maxsus ijtimoiy vazifalarini
