105
deyiladi. Buni masxaraqilganlarning, nafratganlarning, ustidan kulganlarning boshlariga tashvishlar
yog’ilsin, Iso masihdek olomon ko’z o’ngida xoch gator tilsin deya la`natlaydi.
Xulosa o’rnida aytish mumkinki, Anatemaning kelib chiqish tarixiga nazar tashlaydigan bo’lsak,
Yaratganning qonunlariga, mavjud qonun qoidalarga bo’ysunmagan kimsalarning xor zorlikda umr
kechirishlari hamda o’limdan keying hayotlarida ham qiynoq va azoblarni boshdan kechirishlari qattiq
xohlanadi. Asarlarda esa anatem birliklar so’zlovchi nafratining qay darajada kuchli ekanligini ko’rsatadi,
asarga hissiy bo’yoq beradi, o’quvchiga qahramonlarning tuyg’ularini yurakdan his qilishlariga sabab
bo’ladi.
References:
1.
N.Ishihara, A.D.Kohen (2010) – Teaching and Learning Pragmatics. Pearson Education Limited.
2.
Bryan, R. A. (1962). John Donne’s Use of the Anathema.
The Journal of English and Germanic
Philology
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(2), 305–312. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27714014
3.
Work, J. A. (1932). Echoes of the Anathema in Chaucer.
PMLA
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(2), 419–430.
https://doi.org/10.2307/457887
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Villiam Shekspir (1981) Tanlangan asarlar, besh jildlik, 2-jild. Toshkent. G’afur G’ulom
nomidagi adabiyot va san’at nashriyoti.
5.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anathema
6.
https://www.deseret.com/1999/8/22/19461877/anathema-has-had-opposite-meanings-since-its-
greek-birth
7.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity
8.
https://shakespeare.folger.edu/
9.
Obloqulovna, M. S., & Yusupovna, A. M. (2022). THE EDUCATIONAL VALUE AND PLACE OF
FICTION IN LITERATURE LESSONS.
PEDAGOGS jurnali
,
4
(1), 104-108.
10.
Зубайдова, Н. (2022). ЛИНГВО-ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ГРАДУАЛЬНЫХ
СИНТАКСЕМ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ.(НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО И
РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ). Архив научных исследований, 2(1).
11.
Obloqulovna, M. S., & Izatullayeva, S. (2022). HUDUDLAR RIVOJLANISHINI STRATEGIK
TAHLIL QILISH VA REJALASHTIRISH METODIKASI.
Zamonaviy dunyoda tabiiy fanlar: Nazariy va
amaliy izlanishlar
,
1
(7), 73-75.
12.
Zubaydova, N. (2022). Semantic Characteristics of the English and Uzbek Languages. International
Journal on Integrated Education, 5(6), 357-363.
THE STUDY AND ISSUES OF TRANSLATION OF PROVERBS
Khushmanova Farangiz
SamSIFL, Student of Master’s degree
Ochilova Noila, SamSIFL
Abstract:
Nowadays the head of our country pays much attention to education of young generation.
A plenty of scientists work with translation of proverbs from one language to another. The sphere of
phraseology is wider than other side of linguistic. As it is large sphere there is more problems in
phraseology. In lexicology, phonology, lexicography and in other sphere they have their own functions and
by this way we can learn their status in linguistic.
Key words:
Linguistic, communicative, feedback, illustrate, denominations, regulative functions,
interjectional phraseological unit.
The proverbs are historical features of humanity. Most of the scientists agreed that the proverbs are
folklore speech. Yes of course because the people established these proverbs. Where was not only the
person's point of view but also general people's out look is expressed. Proverbs and sayings play important
role in language. They give emotionality, expressiveness to the speech. They have certain pure linguistic
features that must always be taken into account in order to distinguish them from ordinary sentences. "As a
learning process
,
transfer supports the learner's selection and remodeling of input structures as he progresses
in the development of his interlanguage knowledge. As a production process
,
transfer is involved in the
learner's retrieval of this knowledge and in his efforts to bridge linguistically those gaps in his knowledge
which cannot beside-stepped by avoidance" [3,96]. Proverbs are brief statements showing uncondensed form
of the accumulated life experience of the community and serving as conventional practical symbols for
abstract ideas. They are usually didactic and image bearing. Many of them become very polished and there is
no extra word in proverbs and sayings. Proverbs are important aspects of verbal discourse within the socio-
106
cultural contexts in which knowledge, ideas and motions are communicated. They reflect the people’s social
and cultural orientations, philosophy, worldviews, as well as psychological and literary make-ups that
generally depict the experience of life. The language of proverbs is commonly figurative, colourful, pithy,
grammatically insightful and condensing the wisdom of experience. In this work, we attempt the
morphological and syntactic description of proverbs in English, language spoken predominantly. Proverbs
are morphosyntactic constructions of different kinds, structures and functions, with their unique grammatical
peculiarities. We investigate the internal structure of English proverbs and high light their grammatical
relevance in an attempt to accentuate an aspect of the English language and culture which is daily put out of
prominence and active use, given that English proverbs mainly thrive in oral tradition. The correct usage of
these proverbs is also important, while translating any other work of art we should pay close attention to this
point, and that is the reason of the study of the theme we have taken underdiscussion. If we choose another
example their meaning cannot be suitable to the proverbs. So express any idea or plot of the work in
translation as in original demands a person's high skill and deep knowledge. Translator ought to know the
rules of translation, furthermore the history, slang, life, customs and traditions of the people. Especially in
proverbs we can mention the semantic, syntactic, lexical and grammatical features. As we know the proverb
is a brief saying that presents a truth or some bit of useful wisdom. It is usually based on common sense or
practical experience. Because we can say the proverbs from our own life, from difficulties. The useful sides
of a proverb are to make the wisdom it tells seem to be self-evident. The same proverb often occurs among
several different peoples. True proverbs ares ayings that have been passed from generation to generation
primarily by word of mouth. They may also have been put into written form. The Book of Proverbs in the
Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament, is the most notable collection of such sayings. They include:
Hope
deferred month the heartsick.
Proverbs and sayings includet hemselves the some certain features of
historical development and the culture of people. With learning of national proverbs we can have
information about this or that people habits, traditions, culture its status in society.
Linguists, on the other hand, believe that the quality of a country's proverbs may be measured. They
go on to say that proverbs with few words can provide a valuable set of values and beliefs for members of
the society. Proverbs may be utilized for a variety of purposes, according on their cultural significance. They
are: a) a title of a book or title of a literary work on the whole, b) in press, hot news is circulated through a
proverb in the heading or text of it which reflect news topic, c) in speech of statesmen and government
authorities in different occasions. In addition, proverbs could attract consumers' attention in ads (either
commercial or political). Translation Methods As a result of the previous review about proverbs, and for
their remarkable role in culture, the proverbs must be learnt and translated. The translators must deal with
proverbial notions and their pragmatic meanings based on socio-cultural language similarities and variances.
The translator must know the English cultural background as well as how to translate proverbs into their
target language in order to understand the meaning of a proverb between two languages, such as English and
Russian. Gorjian proposes three methods for translating a proverb: paying attention to the terms immediately
following the proverb that may introduce its meaning, and then replacing a local equivalent with its
metaphorical meaning.Baker, on the other hand, has proposed four ways for translating idioms and proverbs:
using source language proverbs with comparable meaning and form, using source language proverbs with
similar meaning but differing form, paraphrasing, and translating by omission [1, 89-96].
As a result, the translator should use the following ways to convey the meaning of the text: Method
1: Literal translation this strategy demanded that the target text take on the form of the source text as closely
as feasible. No translation, according to Newmark, is "ever too literal or too similar to the original." Strauss
backs this up by stating that the translator sticks to one-to-one correspondence for the sake of the meaning.
For example, No smoke without fire, Nature overcomes nurture, which means in Literary Translation
Method It is a free translation, this method is used when proverbs cannot be translated literally, and
therefore, they ought to be imagined into its figurative meaning. Landers states that the goal behind
translation is not to render what the SL author writes but what he/she meant. For example, A good enemy is
better than a false friend.
All in all, the English proverb don't cast your pearls before swine is translated literally. Literary,
proverbs could embed emotional and aesthetic features, reminding a reader of the social norms they
somediv.
Reference
1.
GläserRosamarie. The Stylistic Potential of Phraseological Units in the Light of Genre Analysis.
In: Cowie Anthony Paul (ed.): Phraseology. Theory, Analysis and Applications. Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1998. – Р. 125–143
2.
Grant Lynn. Frequency of 'core idiom' in the British National Corpus (BNC). // International
Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 2005. - №10/4. – Р. 429–451
107
3.
Obloqulovna, M. S., & Yusupovna, A. M. (2022). THE EDUCATIONAL VALUE AND PLACE
OF FICTION IN LITERATURE LESSONS.
PEDAGOGS jurnali
,
4
(1), 104-108.
4.
Зубайдова, Н. (2022). ЛИНГВО-ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ГРАДУАЛЬНЫХ
СИНТАКСЕМ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ.(НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО И
РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ). Архив научных исследований, 2(1).
5.
Obloqulovna, M. S., & Izatullayeva, S. (2022). HUDUDLAR RIVOJLANISHINI STRATEGIK
TAHLIL QILISH VA REJALASHTIRISH METODIKASI.
Zamonaviy dunyoda tabiiy fanlar: Nazariy va
amaliy izlanishlar
,
1
(7), 73-75.
6.
Zubaydova, N. (2022). Semantic Characteristics of the English and Uzbek Languages. International
Journal on Integrated Education, 5(6), 357-363.
7.
Berdievich, T. G., Mamasharifovich, N. B., Oblokulovna, M. S., Isroilovich, K. R., & Nasimovich,
H. H. (2021). The esland efl in the world today.
ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research
Journal
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11
(6), 180-182.
8.
Ne’matullayevna, Z. N. (2020). EFFECTIVE WAYS OF LEARNING ENGLISH GRAMMAR:
TO EXPLOIT CORRECTLY INFINITIVE AND GERUND. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of
Egypt/Egyptology, 17(7), 8502-8509.
9.
Мамаёкубова, Ш. (2019). Тилшуносликда гап бўлаклари ва синтактик алоқалар
масалалари.
Иностранная филология: язык, литература, образование
, (2 (71)), 130-137.
10.
Ne’matullayevna, Z. N., Gulrux, H., Mirsaidovna, K. S., Nasimovich, H. H., & Furkatzoda, T. B.
(2020). The Role Of Verbs, Types Of Verbs AS Well AS Lexical, Morphological, And Syntactic
Characteristics Of Verbs In English Language. International Journal on Orange Technologies, 2(12), 57-60.
ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ ПЕРЕВОДА ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ТЕКСТА В ОБОГАЩЕНИИ
МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОГО ДИАЛОГА
Абдувахабова У.
Ст.преп. МУТ «Шелковый путь»
Аннотация:
В статье раскрываются особенности влияния текста на национально-культурную
специфику определенной культуры. Перевод художественного текста исследуется как элемент
культуры, как источник информации о национальном характере, истории, мировосприятии того или
иного народа в пространстве литературного наследия данной культуры.
Ключевые слова и фразы
: художественный текст, национальный характер и ментальность
народа, лингвокультура, перевод художественного текста.
Сегодня в мире все чаще идет тенденция интеграции культур через различные концепции,
открывая новые грани. Основной категорией диалога культур является звено “культура – личность –
диалог – текст – понимание”. В виду этого в последнее время перевод стал рассматриваться как
культурологическое явление не только на границе языков, но и границе культур, а созданный в
результате этого процесса текст внедряется не только в другую языковую систему, но и в систему
другой культуры.
Исследование художественного текста как источника культуры и ментальности того или иного
народа все больше привлекает внимание ученых к тексту как к единице культуры. По данным языка
можно судить о национальных качествах того или иного народа. Культура раскрывается через
отображение ценностей, идей и знаний, выраженных в художественном тексте. Таким образом, язык
может бытьне только знаковой системой, функционирующей как информационное средство, но
нести функцию культурного зеркала нации. Целью данной статьи является определение перевода
художественного текста как элемент диалога культур, передающего национально-культурную
характеристику исходного текста в другую языковую и культурную среду.
Особенностью художественного текста является отражение национального характера,
менталитета и мировосприятия народа в призме литературного наследия данной культуры. Кроме
того, именно художественный текст характеризуется использованием эпитетов, сравнений, метафор,
повторов на разных языковых уровнях, «говорящих» имен, синтаксической специфики
художественного текста оригинала. Таким образом, любой художественный текст имеет также и
культурологическую функцию. Художественный текст строится по законам ассоциативно-образного
мышления, где жизненный материал преобразуется в своего рода «маленькую вселенную»,
увиденную глазами данного автора. Поэтому в художественном тексте за изображенными картинами
