К вопросу о питании в аспекте физиологии

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Бабаджанова, Ф., & Пазилова, С. (2018). К вопросу о питании в аспекте физиологии. in Library, 18(3), 36–37. извлечено от https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/archive/article/view/17694
Ф.А. Бабаджанова, Ташкентский Педиатрический Медицинский Институт

старший преподаватель кафедры фармакологии

С.Б. Пазилова, Ташкентский Педиатрический Медицинский Институт

ассистент кафедры фармакологии и нормальной физиологии

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Аннотация

Пищеварение как внешнее звено функциональной системы питания, связывающее внешнюю среду с внутренней средой организма и корректирующее гомеостаз биологически активных веществ, минерального состава, поэтому в нашей работе на основе литературного анализа отражены аспекты питания.

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Medical science

36

Babadzhanma F.A., senior lecturer, the

Department of Pharmacology and Normal

physiology Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute,

Tashkent

Pazilova S. B., assistant, the Department of

Pharmacology and Normal physiology Tashkent

Pediatric Medical Institute, Tashkent E-mail:

cool.lolo(a)mail.ru

TO THE ISSUE OF NUTRITION IN THE ASPECT OF PHYSIOLOGY

Abstract:

Digestion as an external link of the functional nutrition system that links the external environment with

the internal environment of the div and corrects homeostasis of biologically active substances, mineral composition,
therefore, our work reflects nutrition aspects based on literary analysis.

Keywords:

function, disorders, nutrition, population.

Public health is not only a medical concept, but a largely

social, sociopolitical and economic category. In the last decades of

the 20th century, the world community began to realize and rethink

the crucial importance of the problem of nutrition of the

population.

Hie development of the territories of the European North sets

the task of a demographic nature - maintaining the health of the

population with a long active life and reproduction of healthy

offspring.

Experts noted that digestion as an external link in a functional

nutritional system that communicates the external environment

with the internal environment of the div and corrects homeostasis

ofbiologically active substances, mineral composition, and the

div trophism.

It has a high lability under the action on the div of various

extreme environmental factors, including social and stressful

nature.

Foreign and domestic authors noted that the regulation of the

motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), an active part

belongs to the triple alliance: the vagus nerves, sympathetic

nerves, spinal parasympathetic nervous system. In the spinal

ganglia of the thoracic spinal cord is the representation of receptors

of the gastrointestinal tract.

Based on the classical theory of digestion, a balanced nutrition

theory was formed. It considers food consumption as a way to

maintain the constancy of the molecular composition in the div,

where energy and plastic (construction) costs are reimbursed due

to new food intakes. Hie theory of balanced nutrition has

established a set of vital nutrients and to determine the quantitative

needs for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, salts, etc. It

allows you to adapt nutrition to the physiological characteristics of

the div, to physical exertion, climatic and other conditions.

Functional systems are dynamic self-regulating organizations,

the activities of all whose components contribute to obtaining

adaptive results that are vital for the div.

Useful adaptive results include, for example, the internal

constants of the organism, homeostasis indicators, which de-
termine its normal vital activity. This is the div’s content of
nutrients, salts, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, blood pressure,

temperature, etc.

Since there are many useful adaptive results in the div that

provide various aspects of its metabolism, the whole organism is

built from the cumulative activity of many functional systems.

Any decrease in the nutrient content in the div through the

primary stimulation of the chemoreceptors of the gastrointestinal

tract, blood vessels and tissues through the nervous and humoral

pathways leads to the excitation of the corresponding parts of the

hypothalamic region. Nervous arousal comes from the receptors of

the digestive tract, especially the stomach, as food is evacuated
from it. Blood that is deprived of nutrients (“fasting blood”) acts
as a humoral stimulus, which acts reflexively, stimulating the

receptors of the vascular bed and directly on special lateral

hypothalamus chemoreceptors.

'Then substances that, at today’s level of knowledge, appear

to be neutral, and also toxic substances - permanent and inevitable

satellites of natural nutrition. It was the presence of toxic flow that

gave rise to the recently popular idea of suppressing intestinal

flora. However, in reality, apparently, the flow of toxic substances,

if it does not exceed certain limits, is physiological (that is, it does

not interfere with physiological processes, it is harmless). As a

result of bacterial metabolism, hormones and biologically active

substances are also formed.

Dietary fibers play a significant role in normalizing the

activity of the gastrointestinal tract, as they ensure the forma


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TO THE ISSUE OF NUTRITION IN THE ASPECT OF PHYSIOLOGY

37

tion of jelly-like structures, which in turn affects gastric emptying,

absorption rate in the small intestine and transit time (passage) of

food through the digestive canal. Dietary fibers are able to absorb

bile acids and, thus, affect their distribution along the

gastrointestinal tract, and this, in turn, significantly affects various

aspects of cholesterol metabolism in the div as a whole. Finally,

food fibers affect the habitat of bacteria in the intestines and are

one of their sources. Dietary fiber is necessary for normal

functioning not only of the digestive system, but also of the

organism as a whole. Пае relationship between the widespread in

the developed countries of the so- called refined diets and

cholesterol metabolism, the formation of gallstones has been

demonstrated.

According to most experts, errors in the structure of nutrition,

and in particular the consumption of refined products have become

one of the reasons for the development of many serious diseases in

humans. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and a number of

other diseases are the result of not only excessive consumption of

protein or carbohydrates, but also insufficient use of dietary fiber.

There is evidence that the lack of dietary fiber in the diet can

provoke colon cancer.

Many forms of the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and

metabolism are preventable and treatable by introducing dietary

fiber into the diet. These fibers are able to alter the absorption of

glucose, so they can be used for the prevention and treatment of

diabetes, hypoglycemia, and obesity. Plant fibers have an anti-

toxic effect.

Summing up the literature analysis, it can be emphasized that

the energy and molecular approach is important from the point of

view of not only the classical, but also the new theory of adequate

nutrition. At the same time, the technology

7

of food processing in

the div is also extremely important for the day of the new theory.

From here comes the immutable conclusion that nutrition should

be not only balanced, but also adequate, that is, appropriate to the

capabilities of the organism, the natural mechanisms of

assimilation of food.

References:

1.

Marshak M. S. Dietary nutrition.- M.: Medicine. 2004.

2.

Popularly about nutrition. Ed. A. I. Stolmakova, I. O. Martynia-ka.- Kiev, “Health”. 2001.

3.

Guba N. I., Smolyan B. L. Diet food and cooking in home-like conditions. Dnepropetrovsk, “Sych”. 1992.

4.

Pokrovsky A. A., Samsonov M. A. Handbook of nutrition. 2004,

5.

Krasnitskaya E. S. Hygiene catering.- M., Economics. 2003.

6.

Dotsenko V. A., Litvinova E. V., Zubtsov Yu. N. Dietary nutrition.Directory.- St. Petersburg, Neva Publishing House; -M.,

“Olma-Press”, 2002.

7.

Tobacco T. A. Dietary nutrition.- Chelyabinsk, publishing house “Arkaim” 2003.

8.

Voronina L. P. Issues of nutrition in the elderly /

1

Journal Medical News. 2007.- No. 6.- 3641 p.

9.

Ginzburg M. M., Kozupica G. S., Kryukov N. N. Obesity and metabolic syndrome (Impact on health, prevention and treatment) -

Samara: Paras, 2000,- 160 p.

10.

GurvichM.M. everything about diet-M.: Olma-Press, 2001,- 448 p,

11.

Zajnullin R.A. Functional food: studies, allowance.-Moscow: KnoRus, 2012,- 303 p.

12.

Konyshev V A. all about proper nutrition -M.: Olma-Press, 2001.- 304 p.

13.

Health and diet food / ed.V.I. Cipriyana.-Kiev Globe, 2001.- 336 p.

14.

Pogozheva A. V, Kaganov B.S. Modern views on clinical nutrition // Clinical medicine.2009.-No. 1.- P. 4-13.

Библиографические ссылки

Marshak M. S. Dietary nutrition.— M.: Medicine. 2004.

Popularly about nutrition. Ed. A. I. Stolmakova, I. O. Martynia-ka.— Kiev, "Health". 2001.

Guba N. 1., Smolyan B. L. Diet food and cooking in home-like conditions. Dnepropetrovsk, "Sych". 1992.

Pokrovsky A. A., Samsonov M. A. Handbook of nutrition. 2004.

Krasnitskaya E. S. Hygiene catering.— M., Economics. 2003.

Dotsenko V. A., Litvinova E. V., Zubtsov Yu. N. Dietary nutrition.Directory.— St. Petersburg, Neva Publishing House; — M., "Olma-Press", 2002.

Tobacco T. A. Dietary nutrition.— Chelyabinsk, publishing house "Arkaim" 2003.

Voronina L. P. Issues of nutrition in the elderly // Journal Medical News. 2007.— No. 6.— 3641 p.

Ginzburg M. Me, Kozupica G, S., Kryukov N. N. Obesity and metabolic syndrome (Impact on health, prevention and treatment) — Samara: Paras, 2000.— 160 p.

Gurvich M. M. everything about diet— M.: Olma-Press, 2001.— 448 p.

l l. Zajnullin R. A. Functional food: studies. allowance.— Moscow: KnoRus, 2012.— 303 p.

KonyshevV.A. all about proper nutrition — Me: Olma-Press, 2001.— 304 p.

Health and diet food / ed. V. I. Cipriyana.— Kiev Globe, 2001.— 336 p.

Pogozheva A. V., Kaganov B. S. Modern views on clinical nutrition / / Clinical medicine. 2009. No.l.- 4-13,

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