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UDK:619:636.92:616.002
DIAGNOSTICS OF RABBIT EMERIOSIS
A.Kh.Khushnazarov
PhD-student - Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine,
Livestock and Biotechnologies
R.B.Davlatov
Professor - Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine,
Livestock and Biotechnologies
Annotasiya -
Ushbu maqolada quyonchilik bilan shug‘ullanib kelayotgan
xo‘jaliklar va shaxsiy xonadondagi quyonboqarlarni tez
-tez bezovta qilib, iqtisodiy
zarar keltiradigan parazitar kasallik eymeriozning diagnostikasi, kasallikni ertachi
aniqlash va aniq tashhis qo‘yish usullari haqida yozilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar.
Quyon, parazitlar, eymeriya, eymerioz, darling, poliuriya, fermer,
kompleks, patologoanatomik, syentrifuga.
Abstract - This article describes the diagnosis of Eimeria, a parasitic disease
that often disturbs rabbit farms and private households and causes economic damage,
early detection of the disease, and methods of accurate diagnosis.
Keywords. Rabbit, parasites, eimeria, eimeria, darling, polyuria, farmer,
complex, pathological, centrifuge.
INTRODUCTION. The 2022-2026 program for the development of the
livestock sector and its industries in the Republic of Uzbekistan is aimed at setting
priority goals and objectives for the rapid development of the livestock industry and its
industries, the stable supply of food products to the population of the republic, and the
expansion of production opportunities. Today, there are 18,032 livestock farms in our
republic, of which 7,614 cattle farms, 3,263 sheep and goat farms, 142 goat farms, 52
camel farms, 1,163 poultry farms, 4,829 fish farms, 715 bee farms, and 254 rabbit
farms.
Animal husbandry is one of the priority areas of agriculture in our republic, and
it plays an important role in providing the population with basic food products. As a
small branch of rabbit breeding, which we are studying, it is mainly bred in households,
and today the number of farms engaged in rabbit breeding is very small. At the present
time, when ensuring food safety is considered an urgent task, it is important to improve
the efficiency of the rabbit breeding network. It is observed that certain parasitic
diseases in rabbits hinder the fulfillment of this urgent task, and introduction of
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effective methods of their prevention and treatment is a necessity in production for this
sector. Because in recent years in our republic, the parasitic diseases of rabbits
(eimeriosis, etc.) have hardly been studied by scientific researchers.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY. Rabbit eimeria is an
invasive disease caused by single-celled simple parasites - eimeria. Eimeria in rabbits
has different clinical forms. Rabbits up to 3 months of age are severely affected by
eimeria. When the disease is accompanied by complex pathological changes, rabbits
lose their appetite due to disturbances in the digestive system, their mobility decreases
sharply, their nutrition slows down, intestinal activity is disturbed (diarrhoea), diarrhea
is sometimes mixed with blood, as a result, rabbits stop growing and death cases are
observed. The use of highly effective means for timely diagnosis, treatment and
prevention of the disease provides an opportunity for early recovery of sick rabbits and
helps to reduce economic losses.
Depending on the location of eimeria in the animal div, 3 forms of rabbit
eimeria are distinguished: 1. Intestinal, 2. Liver, 3. Mixed forms.
In practice, the mixed form of invasion plays an important role. At the beginning
of the disease, the intestines of the rabbit are damaged, and then the liver is damaged,
and as a result, the mixed form begins. After the latent period of infestation, the rabbits
become loxased, lose their usual mobility, and lie on their stomachs on the ground. His
appetite decreases and he stops eating.
Abdominal cavity swells and gives pain, stool becomes fluid, sometimes mixed
with mucus and blood.
Sick animals stop growing, lose weight, and the fur coat is wrinkled. Urinary
excretion is accelerated (polyuria). Sometimes salivation increases, the mucous
membrane of the nose becomes catarrhally inflamed (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis
develops.
With the start of inflammatory processes in the liver, the div becomes sluggish,
the rabbit becomes indifferent to the external environment and lies down for a long
time. He loses his appetite, his abdomen is swollen, and he feels pain when pressing
on his right side. The visible mucous membranes turn yellow, the muscles of the legs
and neck become paralyzed and begin to tremble, and they die after 7-10 days.
RESEARCH METHODS AND RESULTS. The clinical symptoms of eimeria
in rabbits are best felt when the rabbits are separated from their mothers and fed with
normal food.
Diagnosis of eimeria is complex. It takes into account epizootological data, age
of rabbits, clinical course of the disease, pathologoanatomical changes, and changes in
the liver in a mixed form. The final diagnosis of the disease is made as a result of
microscopic examinations.
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Among the main clinical symptoms, it is necessary to pay attention to the painful
condition of the liver, paleness of the mucous membranes, increased jaundice when the
liver is severely damaged, enlarged abdomen, weight loss, diarrhea, polyuria, and
frequent urination.
DISCUSSION. In dead and forcibly slaughtered (killed) rabbits, the most
characteristic pathologoanatomical indicators are in the intestines and liver. Catarrhal
inflammation is observed in the mucous membrane of the small part and cecum, and
in the severe form of the disease, hemorrhagic inflammation is observed.
In the mixed form of Eimeria, the liver is suddenly enlarged, small white or
yellow ulcers appear on the liver.
For microscopic examination, droppings from infected rabbits and hares or
masses from the intestines of dead animals are taken and examined using the Darling
or Flewborn methods. In Eimeria, a large number of Eimeria oocysts can be seen in the
field of view of the microscope.
When dead rabbits are dissected, smears are prepared from the mucous
membrane of the bile ducts in the affected intestines and liver. Then these smears are
dried, fixed with methyl or ethyl alcohol and stained by the Romanovsky-Giemza
method and viewed under a microscope, the different stages of eimeria are analyzed.
Smears are prepared from the white and yellow lesions in the liver, taken on a
microscope slide and viewed under a microscope. A large number of Eimeria oocysts
can be found in it.
Darling method. The method of first sinking the eggs of parasites and
helminths, and then floating them to the surface of the solution.
The technique of performing the method: 5-10 g of dung sample is taken from
the suspected animal and put in a glass and mixed with normal water, then it is filtered
into centrifuge tubes and the tubes are placed in the places where special test tubes are
installed in the centrifuge and rotated 1000 times per minute for 5 minutes. Then the
test tubes are removed from the centrifuge, the liquid part of the sample is poured out,
and Darling's liquid is added to the sediment, mixed well with a glass or wooden stick,
and again placed in the centrifuge and rotated at a speed of 1000 times per minute for
5 minutes. The composition of Darling's liquid is a mixture of a saturated solution of
table salt and glycerin in equal proportions (1:1). After that, the test tubes are carefully
removed from the centrifuge, placed on a stand, and a drop of the solution is taken from
the surface of the solution with a wire hook and transferred to the slide, the coverslip
is closed with a glass and examined under a microscope.
CONCLUSION. In conclusion, it is important to take into account clinical signs
in the diagnosis of eimeria. Darling's method is the most effective of the control
methods. In this method, the disease can be diagnosed early and the disease can be
prevented from spreading.
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In order to prevent the disease, it is necessary to use anti-Eimeri drugs once in
3-4 weeks at the specified rate, it is necessary to observe the rules of animal hygiene
in the farm, it is recommended to keep newly introduced rabbits separately, to feed
young and old rabbits in separate cages.
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