THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
41
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASICS OF CREATING MODERN
ELECTRONIC DICTIONARIES
Sevinch Alievna Sadikova
PhD in philology, senior teacher
At the department foreign language and literature
Of the faculty of Foreign philology of
National university of Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10216030
It is known that language is not only a means of communication, but also a
cultural factor in the existence, development of each nation, human society as a
whole, since language is a natural condition for the preservation and
transmission of what is mined by mankind in the process of verbal knowledge of
objective reality, a vital, as well as spiritual experience is expressed in the global
picture of the world created by each nation.
This can be confirmed by the words of the German philosopher Wilhelm
von Humboldt: "the existence of each nation is related to its language. A nation
that does not survive cannot exist as a native language, a nation". From this logic,
it can be noted that language is an important condition for the existence and
development of each nation.
Language as a means of communication and as a reflection of social culture
has basic levels in the form of words and grammars. The set of words that are
usually located in alphabetical order, with information about the meanings of
these words, their use, origin, translation into another language or concepts and
topics, we are traditionally called dictionaries. The branch of linguistics that
deals with the compilation of dictionaries and their study, as well as the practice
of direct compilation, is called lexicography.
The development of lexicography as a science is primarily due to the need
for communication between countries, cultures and civilizations to establish
economic, commercial, cultural and diplomatic relations. Such a need, in turn,
served as a prerequisite for the study of foreign languages, which is not possible
without the help of appropriate dictionaries. The demand for dictionaries arises
along with the need for Intercultural Communication, which has a centuries-old
history. Consequently, the practice of compiling dictionaries dates back to
ancient times and continues to this day, improving with the development of
Information Technology. Accordingly, it expands, and the scale, the methods of
compiling dictionaries that do not lose their relevance in various areas of
modern society's life, are optimized. In this sense, dictionaries can be seen as a
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
42
large-scale expression of the material and spiritual side of life in particular
culture and is a way of transferring named values to subsequent generations.
It remains unclear who exactly and when the first dictionary was compiled
in history. According to Aristophanes of Byzantium, curator of the Museum of
Alexandria (in Ancient Egypt), a close similarity of modern dictionaries was
written in the 2nd century BC, which contained incomprehensible words related
to the passive vocabulary of the Greek language.
An important stage in the development of lexicography dates back to the
19th century, when he prepared to publish the "Deutsches Worterbuch"
(German dictionary) in 16 volumes of the Grimm Brothers (Jackob, Wilhelm),
the publication of which was only completed in 1961. This volume dictionary
Brothers Grimm served as the basis for later works and publications in this
direction, followed by several new dictionaries in Europe. The dictionary of the
Brothers Grimm analyzes the initial, etymological meanings of words, their
roots, their various forms in ancient written monuments, as well as the features
of their use in other languages and dialects.
It should be noted that based on the example of the Brothers Grimm
dictionary, the English Dictionary "Oxford English Dictionary" was compiled in
13 volumes published in 1933[1]. The first dictionary of the Turkic world is
considered to be the "Divanu-lugat-it turk" (Dictionary of Turkic words) of the
Mahmud Kashgari dictionary, which laid the foundation for a new stage in the
development of the lexicography of Turkic languages.
The 20th century is called the age of technology, the achievements of
scientific and technical progress have had a significant impact on all spheres of
social life. Under this influence also appeared linguistics, in particular
lexicographies that solve modern theoretical and practical problems. Theoretical
rules for classifying dictionaries can be cited as a vivid illustration of this trend.
For example, nadir ilkhan suggests the following, taking into account the above-
mentioned modern trends in the development of lexicography:
criteria for classifying dictionaries: by developed materials; by dictionary
types (book, computer); by forms of expression.
Based on the above criteria, Nadir Ilkhan classifies dictionaries as follows:
1. In terms of materials developed:
- words belonging to the literary norm;
- words used in oral speech.
2. By types of dictionaries (book, computer):
- Book View;
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
43
- Electronic View.
3. By forms of expression:
- poetic form;
- prose form.
Electronic dictionaries have become an essential tool for language learners
and professionals. They offer a convenient and efficient way to access word
meanings, synonyms, antonyms, and other language-related information. The
creation of modern electronic dictionaries involves both theoretical and
practical aspects, which are discussed below.
Theoretical basics:
1. Corpus selection: A corpus is a collection of written or spoken texts that are
used to extract linguistic data. The selection of an appropriate corpus is crucial
for the accuracy of the electronic dictionary. The corpus should be
representative of the language being studied and should cover a wide range of
genres.
2. Data extraction: Once the corpus is selected, the next step is to extract the
relevant linguistic data. This includes words, their meanings, synonyms,
antonyms, examples of usage, and other language-related information.
3. Data processing: The extracted data needs to be processed to remove
duplicates, errors, and inconsistencies. This involves using various linguistic
tools such as part-of-speech tagging, stemming, and lemmatization.
4. Database creation: The processed data is then stored in a database that can be
accessed by the electronic dictionary software. The database should be designed
to allow for efficient searching and retrieval of information.
Practical basics:
1. User interface design: The user interface of the electronic dictionary should be
intuitive and easy to use. It should provide quick access to the search function
and allow users to navigate the results easily.
2. Software development: The software development process involves
programming the electronic dictionary software using appropriate
programming languages such as Java or Python. The software should be
designed to run on various platforms such as desktops, laptops, tablets, and
smartphones.
3. Testing and validation: The electronic dictionary software should be tested
thoroughly to ensure that it functions correctly and provides accurate
information. Validation involves comparing the results of the electronic
dictionary with those of a human expert.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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Overall, creating modern electronic dictionaries requires a combination of
theoretical and practical skills. It involves selecting an appropriate corpus,
extracting and processing linguistic data, designing a user-friendly interface,
developing software, and testing and validating the results. The process requires
a team of experts, including linguists, database specialists, software developers,
and testers.
References:
1. Kudashev I. S. designing translation dictionaries of special dictionaries.
Helsinki, 2007.
2. Linguistic and Computer Studios: Prose of the Ukrainian Movnoinformatic
Foundation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: 3-jild. the
lexicography of Tlumachna. Book 1. Kiev, 2018.
3. Dubichinsky V.V. Lexicography: navch.- method. postib. Harkiv: NTU "KhPI",
2012.
4. Belyaeva L.N. Automated lexicography and the potential of applied linguistics
// Izvestiya A. I. RSPU named after Herzen. 2010.
5. Tabakova V.D., Kovyazina M.A. Functional model of translated special
vocabulary. 2006.
6. Sivakova N.A. Lexicographic description of English and Russian phytonyms in
an electronic dictionary: Abstract. Dissertation Ph.D. Tyumen, 2004.
7. Karpilovka E.A. Introduction to Applied Linguistics: Computational
Linguistics: textbook. Donetsk, 2006.
