Evaluation of the use of glycosaminoglikans in elimination of bone tissue changes in chronic disease periodontitis

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Назарова, Н., & Мирзакулова, Л. (2022). Evaluation of the use of glycosaminoglikans in elimination of bone tissue changes in chronic disease periodontitis. in Library, 22(1), 41–54. извлечено от https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/archive/article/view/8734
Нодира Назарова, Самаркандский государственный медицинский университет

доктор медицинских наук, доцент

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Аннотация

The continuous development of modern periodontology, its enrichment with new scientific materials makes it possible to identify the leading links in the pathogenesis and features of the most frequent clinical manifestations of periodontal diseases, to provide the most etiologically and pathogenetically accurate periodontal care. In recent years, traditional complex treatment regimens require new constructive ideas.

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A

BSTRACT

The continuous development of modern periodontology, its enrichment with new scientific materials
makes it possible to identify the leading links in the pathogenesis and features of the most frequent clinical

manifestations of periodontal diseases, to provide the most etiologically and pathogenetically accurate

periodontal care. In recent years, traditional complex treatment regimens require new constructive ideas.


K

EYWORDS

Gingivitis, periodontitis, bone resorption, gingival epithelium, glycosaminoglycans.

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Research Article

EVALUATION OF THE USE OF GLYCOSAMINOGLIKANS IN
ELIMINATION OF BONE TISSUE CHANGES IN CHRONIC
DISEASE PERIODONTITIS

Submission Date:

May

10, 2022,

Accepted Date:

May 20

, 2022,

Published Date:

May

30, 2022

Crossref doi:

https://doi.org/10.37547/medical-fmspj-02-05-06

Nazarova Nodira Sharipovna

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan

Mirzakulova Lola Tokhirovna

Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan


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I

NTRODUCTION

Glycodent gel and other preparations for the local

treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis are an

important part of the complex treatment of local

drug therapy - gingivitis and periodontitis.

Purpose

: to determine the effectiveness of

Glycogent gel in the treatment of gingivitis and
periodontitis.

M

ATERIALS AND METHODS

The study included 45 patients with periodontal

diseases of the regional dental clinic. As a control

group, 30 people without periodontal pathology.

More than 50% of the population has symptoms

of gingivitis and periodontitis, and more than

10% have symptoms of stage III periodontitis.

Statistics show that the highest incidence is in the
35-44 and 15-19 age groups. The pathogenesis of

inflammatory

and

inflammatory-dystrophic

diseases of periodontal tissue is a systemic and

complex process, because the development of

pathological changes in periodontal tissue causes

many and varied processes at the level of the

whole organism, i.e. cells, biological fluids (blood,

saliva), periodontal tissues (cell organelles,

extracellular component) [ 1,7].

Pathochemical, morphological, immune, and

biological changes that occur in the periodontium

are accompanied by metabolic disorders, leading

to disruption of protein synthesis in periodontal

tissues, which in turn leads to the onset and

development of periodontal tissue destruction.
Infectious factors play a key role in the

development of inflammatory processes in

periodontal tissues.

The diverse microflora located on the surface of

the mammary epithelium is able to actively

interact with the tissue elements located under

the epithelium. the calculated tooth and all its

components cannot be considered separately [5].

. From the point of view of infectious theory of the
mechanisms of occurrence of periodontal disease,

the concept of endo-periodontal syndrome, in

particular, the possibility of infection of the intact

tooth pulp from periodontal tissues, has long

been on the list of current controversial issues of

periodontology.


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It is known that one of the main moments in the

development of inflammatory and inflammatory-

dystrophic diseases of periodontal tissue is the

violation of the structural and functional

components of the periodontium - proteoglycans,

which are gradually broken down under the
influence of bacterial hyaluronidases. This leads

to a violation of the barrier function of

periodontal connective tissue and a decrease in

the number of functional molecules of

proteoglycans sulfated by glycosaminoglycans.

It is these changes that negatively affect the

functional state of the protective barrier to the

entry of bacteria into the internal structures of

the gum stroma and alveolar bone structures and,
accordingly, slow down the repair of tissues.

However, several data indicate the successful

experimental use of drugs containing sulfated

glycosaminoglycans for the topical treatment of

gingivitis and periodontitis. In 2007, Dubna-

Biopharm LLC (Russia) introduced Glycodent

periodontal gel based on glycosaminoglycan
(chodroitin sulfate) with the addition of

peppermint oil and chlorhexidine bigluconate.

and tests are being conducted extensively to

determine the effectiveness of other common

tools [3,4].

In the pathogenesis of some diseases of the

skeletal system (osteopenia, osteoporosis,

osteomalacia), as well as disorders of the process

of reparative osteogenesis lie a violation of

calcium homeostasis in the div. There is data in

the literature on the treatment of bone defects
under the influence of calcium-containing drugs,

including the drug "Calcemin".

Complex treatment of general periodontitis

includes the following stages:

I.

Elimination of etiological factors and factors
affecting the periodontium, professional

hygiene, treatment of symptomatic gingivitis

with local drugs, correction of traumatic

occlusion, grinding of moving teeth;

II.

Surgical

treatment

with

subsequent

rehabilitation measures;

III.

Treatment of dentures by prosthetics and

permanent grinding of teeth;

IV.

Maintenance therapy, including dispensary

monitoring of periodontal tissue status.

R

ESULTS

Its main functions are to reduce microbial

infection, eliminate the inflammatory process,
reduce swelling and pain, restore normal


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homeostasis, stimulate reparative processes and

restore normal function of periodontal tissues.

Antibacterial agents in solution form are widely

used among various drugs that have a local effect

on non-specific inflammatory foci in periodontal

tissues.

Special requirements have been developed for all

antiseptic drugs used in periodontology.

First, it has a wide range of antibacterial effects,

without adverse effects on the div; decreased or

lost resistance of strains as a result of the use of

drugs, as well as the ability to destroy bacterial

biofilms..

They also take into account the long-term effects

of drugs with low toxicity, high adsorption and

the ability to fully restore the oral biocenosis [8].

The results of conservative treatment of
inflammatory

and

inflammatory-dystrophic

periodontal disease as a result of the use of

various types of drugs-pastes, gels, ointments and

films are very successful, their prolongation is

achieved by immobilization of active substances

in various polymer carriers. These topical agents

ensure uniform release of the active substance
from the drug form, which allows its application

in the systemic circulatory system without a

sharp increase, while achieving a high therapeutic

concentration in the field of local application.

Gel forms of drugs used in periodontology are soft

compositions for topical application, which are

single, two and multi-phase dispersed systems

with a liquid dispersion medium. Their

rheological properties are due to the storage of

gel-forming substances at low concentrations.

Among the gel forms are widely used drug

"Metrogil Denta" (Unique Pharmaceutical
Laboratories) and many analogues of other

manufacturing companies. These drugs are based

on chlorhexidine and metronidazole, sometimes

with the addition of other plant and synthetic

active substances in different concentrations

produced.

Glycosaminoglycan-based pharmaceuticals have

been used successfully in local treatment of

gingivitis and periodontitis in recent years.

According to various authors, ready-made dosage

forms (pastes, gels, ointments) have anti-
inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, periodontal

protection and promote wound healing.


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A number of studies have linked the use of drugs

based on hyaluronic acid. The researchers

’interest in the properties of hyaluronic acid is

explained by the fact that almost all cells in the

human div produce it.

It is formed in the cell membrane and is pushed

directly into the extracellular matrix. The matrix

enriched with hyaluronic acid stimulates cell
migration, enhances neoangiogenesis and affects

the function of keratinocytes. Due to its high

viscosity, hyaluronic acid performs protective

functions and slows down the penetration of

bacteria and viruses, which are crucial in wound

healing.

In the work of Chepel and co-authors, a positive

assessment of the clinical efficacy of medicinal

compounds consisting of sorbent silicon,

antiseptic miramycin and hyaluronic acid.

In the mid-1990s, the firm Gedeon Richter

developed a drug called Kuriozin, a combination
of hyaluronic acid and zinc, which was originally

designed to treat trophic leg ulcers of various

etiologies.

In foreign periodontal practice, the drug is used

correctly, both in pure form and in combination

with other drugs [11].

Hyaluronic acid-based product formulation

adapted for dentistry is Gialudent gel (Omega

Dent, RF).

In recent years, the Italian drug "Gengigel"

(Ricerfarma, Italy) containing 0.2% hyaluronic

acid is being actively studied.

Gengigel

reduces

the

permeability

of

microtubules, improves oxygen supply to tissues,

normalizes energy metabolism, reduces the level

of tissue hypoxia, provides protective function by

improving the structure of the gingival

epithelium.

There is little research in the literature on the use
of topical preparations based on chondroitin

sulfate. In particular, there is evidence that the

use of the above-mentioned Glycodent gel, which

contains

chondroitin

sulfate,

glycerin,

chlorhexidine bigluconate, peppermint oil and

hydroxyethylcellulose, has shown positive

results.

Dulaeva and co-authors demonstrated the

experience of clinical evaluation of Glycodent
periodontal gel in the treatment of periodontal

tissue injuries from ligature splints in jaw

fractures. The researchers, who observed positive


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dynamics, noted that bimaxyl accelerated the

rehabilitation of patients after tire removal.

Conservative treatment of gingivitis and

periodontitis is not limited to the use of local

means.

Among the many physiotherapeutic methods, the

study of the effects of laser light on periodontal

tissue remains an urgent task of modern

periodontal science.

Lasers provide the formation of electromagnetic

radiation in different optical ranges. They have

high levels of monochromaticity, coherence,

polarity, and intensity.

However, different duration of pulses leads to a

number of factors that do not tend to create local
potentially hazardous conditions in cells or in

specific locations of the target cells [11].

The first starting point for the biological effects of

low-intensity laser radiation is a local heating

factor that leads to a thermodynamic effect rather

than a photobiological reaction.

Local heating leads to the release of calcium ions

from the intracellular depot, after which Ca 2+

copper is excited in the cytosol of the cells and

initiates calcium-dependent processes. Later, a

complex of adaptive and compensatory reactions

to the less studied surface in tissues develops

secondary effects.

Basic cell reactions to laser radiation:

Activation of cell metabolism and increase their

functional activity.

Enhance blood microcirculation and improve

tissue nutrition.

Numerous studies show that laser radiation plays

a sensitizing and stimulating role not only in

periodontal tissue, but also in cellular reactions

aimed at restoring and normalizing the

bioenergetic state of the whole div.

Laser radiation increases enzymatic activity,

catalase activity, and membrane permeability,

which

significantly

accelerates

transport

processes in tissues.

Increased oxygen metabolism leads to a decrease

in hypoxia, which of course leads to inflammatory

processes. In pathological conditions, low-
intensity laser radiation enhances reparative

processes by altering the cell composition in the

area of inflammation by increasing the number of

neutrophils.


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In addition, hormonal, mediated connections of

natural adaptive mechanisms are activated [6].

After exposure to laser radiation, the div's

immune system protection is enhanced, which is

confirmed by an increase in hemagglutinin,

hemolysins, lysozyme titer, activation of

interferon,

increased

synthesis

of

immunoglobulins, changes in the structure and

function of lymphocyte plasma membranes.

Low-intensity laser radiation reduces the

concentration of lipid peroxidation products in
the blood. At the same time, by activating the

antioxidant system, radiation increases the level

of catalase in the serum and activates the cellular

elements

of

mononuclear

phagocytes

(macrophages).

As a result, the morphofunctional state of

erythrocyte cell membranes and the recovery of

the lipid spectrum of lymphocyte membranes are

accelerated. When laser radiation affects
periosteal tissue, it has a significant effect on the

blood circulating in the lacunae of bone tissue.

This provides a local and intensive effect due to

the generality of the blood circulation. Based on

modern evidence-based medical trends, many

questions today are related to the antimicrobial

effects of laser radiation.

There is no clear idea about the effect of

therapeutic lasers on the oral microflora.

Therefore, the bactericidal effect of laser

radiation in this direction is of only experimental

and theoretical importance.

In recent years, a new physiotherapeutic method

is used in medical and dental practice -

photophoresis, which involves a combination of

laser radiation and drugs applied to the skin or
mucous membranes. In order to increase

osteoregeneration in facial skull injuries,

Gerasimenko and co-authors 5% along the

fracture lines of the lower jaw bone

Photophoresis (infrared laser radiation) and thin

application of "Chondroxide" ointment used

ultraphonophoresis [4].

We concluded that photophoresis enhances

microcirculation as a result of regression of the

inflammatory component, helps reduce pain, and

activates trophic and osteoreparative processes

in fracture projection.

While studying the penetration of chondroxide
ointment using semiconductor membranes, the


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authors found that the penetration of chondroitin

sulfate increased by 6–8% after 2 min when

exposed to an initial laser radiation power of 5–

15 mW compared to the conventional application

method. , And after 10 minutes they found that it

was 12-15% higher. At an initial power of 25–30
mW, this difference was 16–17% after 2 min and

reached 19–20% after 10 min.

In the clinical phase of the study, the authors

found that the maximum increase in radiation

during the passage through biological tissues

(ear, cheek) at a starting power of laser beams in

the red and infrared range from 1 to 50 mW

corresponds to a power of 10-15 mW. identified.

These properties allowed the researchers to
hypothesize that the ointment interacts with a

biological object and that its penetration into

tissues under appropriate conditions is

significantly higher than normal diffusion.

Chondroxide ointment by Gerasimenko et al. Is

intended for external use only on the skin surface.

Ointment should not be applied to the mucous

membrane in inflammatory processes of the oral

cavity.

According to the literature, tissue permeability is

much lower when photographed with ointments

than with gel-shaped agents.

Through mathematical modeling, Prikuls et al

found that the rate of photoinduced diffusion at 3

minutes of photophoresis of gel-containing

agents was 50% higher than that of drugs without

laser irradiation in the application method.

Such evidence suggests that drug molecules

applied to the gum surface require additional

energy to overcome the potential barrier at the
mucosal layer tissue and the outer cavity

boundary.

This is due to the relatively low permeability of

the mucous membrane tissue membranes to the

molecules of the drug composition [3].

The combination of low-intensity laser beams and

preparations that synergistically enhance each

other’s efficiency stimulates cell membrane

molecules, thereby increasing its permeability. In

the complex treatment of gingivitis and

periodontitis, in addition to local drugs, it is
advisable to use drugs that have a general effect.

Given the high role of microbial factors, antibiotic

therapy plays a key role in the complex treatment.


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The peculiarity of the use of antibiotics is that

they not only show antibacterial activity, but also

neutralize the effect of collagenase of microbial

strains formed in damaged periodontal tissues.

In turn, disorders of local metabolic processes of

alveolar bone tissue in general chronic

periodontitis require the use of targeted

osteotropic therapy to normalize periodontal

bone tissue repair and osteometabolism.

Alveolar tumors of the jaws should be considered

the youngest bone otnogenetic form of the
organism, because the appearance and formation

of skeletal bones occurs in the prenatal period,

while alveolar tumors of permanent teeth occur

at 6 years of age.

This fact confirms the significant weakness of the

alveolar tumor bone tissue and its high sensitivity

to internal and external factors.

In the pathogenesis of general periodontitis plays

an important role in the alveolar tumors of the

jaws: impaired bone metabolism: increased

osteoclastic resorption rate, decreased osteoblast
activity, imbalance between resorption and bone

tissue formation.

Consequently, an increase in catabolic processes

and a decrease in biosynthesis lead primarily to

changes in the organic parts of periodontal tissue

as well as all components of this complex.

Against the background of osteoporotic changes

in skeletal bones, inflammatory-dystrophic

diseases of the periodontium are increasing.

Today, there are three directions among the
general principles of treatment of patients with

such periodontal changes:

The etiological direction involves the treatment of
this

underlying

disease.The pathogenetic

direction involves the normalization of bone

formation processes.

Symptomatic direction, including pain relief and

others.In turn, the pathogenetic therapy of

osteoporotic processes includes less than three

groups of drugs [7].

Means that reduce resorption processes in bone

tissue

(antiresorbents):

bisphosphonates,

calcitonins, estrogens, selective modulators of

estrogen receptors.

Drugs that enhance bone formation: synthetic

parathyroid hormone, fluorides, anabolic


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steroids, androgens, somatotropic (growth)

hormone.

Drugs that affect the processes of bone

regeneration: strontium ranelate, vitamin D and

its active metabolites, ossein-hydroxyapatite

complex, ipriflavon.

Bisphosphonates (BP) are first-line drugs in the

treatment of osteoporosis, stopping osteoclast

activity and potentiating antirheumatic factors.

The ability of bisphosphonates to suppress

pathological resorption and stimulate bone
formation determines their therapeutic effect in

osteoporosis.

To date, there are several hypotheses on the

effects of strontium on bone condition, which are

being studied.

Thus, the antirheumatic effect of strontium

ranelate manifests itself by reducing the

differentiation of preosteoclasts into osteoclasts,

enhancing bone formation by stimulating the

replication of preosteoblasts and increasing the

number of osteoblasts, as well as increasing the

expression of osteoprotein in osteoblasts.

However, the effect of this drug on the jaw bones

has not been adequately studied.

The main link in the prevention and treatment of

chronic generalized periodontitis is the

maintenance of normal levels of calcium and

vitamin D3 in the div. Calcium is involved in the

regulation of a number of physiological processes,

including protein biosynthesis.

It has been proven that disorders of calcium

metabolism in the div can occur not only in the
processes of osteoporosis, but also in a number of

somatic diseases. Calcium deficiency in the diet

leads to an increase in parathyroid hormone

levels, which enhances the processes of bone

resorption and calcium excretion.

As a result, osteopenic changes develop in the

bones, leading to impaired calcium metabolism

and the onset of osteoporosis.

Hormonal drugs, including calcitonin drugs

(myacaltic, calcitriol, sibacalcin) play a key role in

the treatment of alveolar bone resorption in the

treatment of disseminated periodontitis [9].

These drugs have a strong effect on the regulation

of the entire endocrine system. The literature
contains data on the effect of glycosaminoglycans,

including glucosamine hydrochloride-based

drugs, on the inflammatory-dystrophic process of

periodontal tissues. Glucosamine is a specific


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substrate that reduces the formation of

superoxide

radicals

and

tissue-damaging

enzymes

(collagenases,

phospholipases),

prevents the action of glucocorticoids on

chondrocytes and disrupts glucosaminoglycan

synthesis.

Glucosamine is actively involved in the

construction of collagen fibers and the
intercellular matrix in general, stimulates the

proliferation of chondrocytes and other

connective

tissue

cells,

increases

their

biosynthetic activity and improves vascular

microcirculation in tissues. Due to the chemical

structure of its molecule, it has an antioxidant

effect, which is characterized by high reactivity
and the predominance of reducing properties

over oxidizers. Unlike drugs containing

glucosamine hydrochloride, the attention of

researchers is drawn to pharmaceuticals based

on chondroitin sulfate, which have proven

themselves in various areas of practice.

Chondroitin sulfate is a high molecular weight

mucopolysaccharide that reduces the activity of

enzymes that break down the composition of
connective and connective tissues, as well as

enhances regeneration processes.

Chondroitin sulfate reduces the activity of the

inflammatory process in the early stages and

helps to reduce the pain reaction. In the Western

literature, chondroitin sulfate has been found to

increase OPG expression in human subchondral

bone osteoblast cells, leading to an increase in
OPG / RANKL ratio and a decrease in bone

resorption.

This is of great importance because it helps to

prove the hypothesis that osteoporosis is an

inflammatory disease. There is insufficient data in

the literature on the use of chondroitin sulfate-

based drugs for the treatment of dental diseases,

including periodontal disease. Anisimova has

developed a treatment regimen that includes
Calcemin (a calcium-based vitamin-mineral

complex) and Teraflex (glucosamine XS) for the

treatment of lower jaw fractures against the

background of periodontitis. The best indications

for the treatment of bone injuries and

stabilization of periodontal tissue were better in

the group of patients receiving these drugs than
in the group of patients treated according to the

general treatment regimen.


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C

ONCLUSIONS

In-depth analysis of new methods of organizing

the problems of development and course of
inflammatory-dystrophic

diseases

of

the

periodontium, pathogenetic mechanisms of their

development and the search for complex

therapeutic approaches in accordance with

complex medical and social realities is a

requirement of today.

The increase in morbidity against the background

of osteopenic conditions also requires the

development of an optimal strategy of complex
treatment, which includes the impact on the main

joints of the pathogenesis of general

periodontitis, osteopenia and osteoporosis. It

requires a more in-depth study of local and

general action drugs used in the treatment of

gingivitis and periodontitis, as well as

biocomposite osteoplastic materials based on

sulfated and non-sulfated glycosaminoglycans.

All of the above allows us to conclude that the
science of periodontology for many years has

come a long and effective path of highly

specialized analytical development, and has also

developed methods and tools, theoretical

concepts, technologies for the effective treatment

of gingivitis and periodontitis. Having reached a

new stage of development, periodontology

returns to a comprehensive theoretical and

practical approach to integrative medicine.

R

EFERENCES

1.

Аlisher

Berdikulovich

Norbutaev,

Mukhiddin Kamariddinovich Shamsiev,

Nodira Sharipovna Nazarova. Clinical and

functional changes in hard tissues of teeth

in рatients with hemophilia. The American

journal of

medical sciences and

pharmaceutical research Volume 2 Issue
12, 2020, Р 29-34

2.

Rizayev Jasur Alimdjanovich, Nazarova

Nodira Sharipovna. Assessment of

changes in the condition of periodontal

tissues in workers exposed to exposure to

epoxy resin. The American journal of

medical sciences and pharmaceutical
research №2 Р 14-17. 2020.

3.

Zhasur

Alimdzhanovich

Rizaev,

Rahimberdiev Rustam Abdunosirovich,

Nazarova Nodira Sharipovna. Ways to

improve the organization of dental

services for chemical industry workers.

The American journal of medical sciences


background image

Volume 02 Issue 05-2022

53



FRONTLINE MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL
(ISSN

2752-6712)

VOLUME

02

I

SSUE

05

Pages:

41-54

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.14

)

(2022:

5.605

)

OCLC

1272874727

METADATA

IF

6.986















































Publisher:

Frontline Journals

and pharmaceutical research. Volume 2

Issue 12, 2020, Р 35-39.

4.

Nazarova

Nodira

Sharipovna,

Rakhmberdiev Rustam Abdunosirovich,

Bakirov

Asadullo

Abdikodirovich,

Sultonov Odiljon Raimovich. The intensity
of dental caries in workers is harmful

industry. The American journal of medical

sciences

and

pharmaceutical

research.Volume 03 Issue 07-2021, P-68-

72

5.

Rustam

Rakhmberdiev,

Gulchekhra

Musaeva, Nodira Nazarova. Ways to
improve the organization of dental care for

workers in the chemical industry. Society

and innovations. Volume 01 Issue 1-2021,

P 139-144.

6.

Nazarova N.SH, Musayeva G.A, Ravshanov

I.R. Evaluation of Effectiveness of

Combined Oral and Dental Therapy in
Tobacco Growers. Journal of Research in

Medical and Dental Science 2021, Volume

9, Issue 8, Page No: 241-246.

7.

Rustem Hayaliev, Sabir Nurkhodjaev,

Nodira Nazarova, Jasur Rizayev, Rustam

Rahimberdiyev, Tatyana Timokhina, Ivan

Petrov. Interdisciplinary Approach of
Biomedical

Engineering

in

the

Development of Technical Devices for

Medical Research. Journal of Biomimetics,

Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering

Submitted: 2021-05, Vol. 53, pp 85-92

Accepted: 2021-05-11.

8.

Alisher Norbutaev, Nodira Nazarova.
Assessment of the results of the level of

oligopeptides of average molecular mass

in the oral fluid of employees in the

production of ammonium and nitrate

saltpeter. Frontline medical sciences and

pharmaceutical journal 1(8): 2021, 24-34.

9.

Rizayev Jasur Alimjanovich, Nazarova
Nodira

Sharipovna,

Nasreddinova

Maxzuna Taxsinovna. (2021). Improving

The Treatment Of Paradontic Diseases

With The Help Of Immunomodulating And

Probiotic Drugs. The American Journal of

Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical

Research, 3(08), 44–50.

10.

Rizayev Jasur Alimdjanovich, Nazarova

Nodira Sharipovna. Assessment of

changes in the condition of periodontal

tissues in workers exposed to exposure to

epoxy resin. The American journal of

medical sciences and pharmaceutical

research 2019, №2 Р 14-17.


background image

Volume 02 Issue 05-2022

54



FRONTLINE MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL
(ISSN

2752-6712)

VOLUME

02

I

SSUE

05

Pages:

41-54

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.14

)

(2022:

5.605

)

OCLC

1272874727

METADATA

IF

6.986















































Publisher:

Frontline Journals

11.

Ризаев Ж.А., Назарова Н.Ш. Состояние

местного иммунитета полости рта при

хроническом

генерализованном

парадонтите.

Вестник

науки

и

образования 2020. № 14 (92).Часть 4. С

35-40.

12.

Alisher Norbutaev, Nodira Nazarova.

Ammiak va nitrat selitrasi ishlab

chiqarishda

ishlaydiganlar

og‘iz

suyuqligida o‘rta molekulyar og‘irlikdagi

oligopeptidlar darajasining natijalarini

baholash . Society and innovations. 25

October 2021, Р. 168-176.

Библиографические ссылки

Alisher Berdikulovich Norbutaev, Mukhiddin Kamariddinovich Shamsiev, Nodira Sharipovna Nazarova. Clinical and functional changes in hard tissues of teeth in patients with hemophilia. The American journal of medical sciences and pharmaceutical research Volume 2 Issue 12, 2020, P 29-34

Rizayev Jasur Alimdjanovich, Nazarova Nodira Sharipovna. Assessment of changes in the condition of periodontal tissues in workers exposed to exposure to epoxy resin. The American journal of medical sciences and pharmaceutical research №2 P 14-17. 2020.

Zhasur Alimdzhanovich Rizaev, Rahimberdiev Rustam Abdunosirovich, Nazarova Nodira Sharipovna. Ways to improve the organization of dental services for chemical industry workers. The American journal of medical sciences and pharmaceutical research. Volume 2 Issue 12, 2020, P 35-39.

Nazarova Nodira Sharipovna, Rakhmberdiev Rustam Abdunosirovich, Bakirov Asadullo Abdikodirovich, Sultonov Odiljon Raimovich. The intensity of dental caries in workers is harmful industry. The American journal of medical sciences and pharmaceutical research.Volume 03 Issue 07-2021, P-68-72

Rustam Rakhmberdiev, Gulchekhra Musaeva, Nodira Nazarova. Ways to improve the organization of dental care for workers in the chemical industry. Society and innovations. Volume 01 Issue 1-2021, P 139-144.

Nazarova N.SH, Musayeva G.A, Ravshanov l.R. Evaluation of Effectiveness of Combined Oral and Dental Therapy in Tobacco Growers. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science 2021, Volume 9, Issue 8, Page No: 241-246.

Rustem Hayaliev, Sabir Nurkhodjaev, Nodira Nazarova, Jasur Rizayev, Rustam Rahimberdiyev, Tatyana Timokhina, Ivan Petrov. Interdisciplinary Approach of Biomedical Engineering in the Development of Technical Devices for Medical Research. Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Submitted: 2021-05, Vol. 53, pp 85-92 Accepted: 2021-05-11.

Alisher Norbutaev, Nodira Nazarova. Assessment of the results of the level of oligopeptides of average molecular mass in the oral fluid of employees in the production of ammonium and nitrate saltpeter. Frontline medical sciences and pharmaceutical journal 1(8): 2021, 24-34.

Rizayev Jasur Alimjanovich, Nazarova Nodira Sharipovna, Nasreddinova Maxzuna Taxsinovna. (2021). Improving The Treatment Of Paradontic Diseases With The Help Of Immunomodulating And Probiotic Drugs. The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research, 3(08), 44-50.

Rizayev Jasur Alimdjanovich, Nazarova Nodira Sharipovna. Assessment of changes in the condition of periodontal tissues in workers exposed to exposure to epoxy resin. The American journal of medical sciences and pharmaceutical research 2019, №2 P 14-17.

Ризаев Ж.А., Назарова Н.Ш. Состояние местного иммунитета полости рта при хроническом генерализованном парадонтите. Вестник науки и образования 2020. № 14 (92).Часть 4. С 35-40.

Alisher Norbutaev, Nodira Nazarova. Ammiak va nitrat selitrasi ishlab chiqarishda ishlaydiganlar og'iz suyuqligida o'rta molekulyar og'irlikdagi oligopeptidlar darajasining natijalarini baholash . Society and innovations. 25 October 2021, P. 168-176.

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