Comparative effectiveness of EEG and MRI in diagnosing pediatric epileptic syndromes

This narrative review compares the diagnostic effectiveness of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating pediatric epileptic syndromes, particularly West syndrome, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, and benign rolandic epilepsy. EEG offers syndrome-specific electrical patterns that are often diagnostic, while MRI identifies structural brain abnormalities influencing prognosis and treatment decisions. Both modalities present unique advantages and limitations, and their combined use is central to modern pediatric epilepsy care. Technological advances such as artificial intelligence in EEG analysis and functional MRI have enhanced diagnostic accuracy. Current literature and international guidelines affirm the complementary nature of EEG and MRI in pediatric epilepsy diagnosis.