Sobirjon Mukhammadiev, Ravshanjon Eminov, Eshonkhoja Nishonov
Glaucoma, a significant optic neuropathy, is a principal contributor to irreversible blindness worldwide. Despite effective management of intraocular pressure (IOP), many patients continue to suffer vision loss due to factors beyond IOP. This review investigates the complex nature of glaucoma, encompassing vascular, neurodegenerative, and genetic elements, while also addressing the limitations of existing treatment modalities. Principal obstacles such as late diagnosis, adherence to therapy, and irreversible optic nerve damage, as well as systemic issues like healthcare inequities and socioeconomic influences, are scrutinized. Innovative approaches, including neuroprotective treatments, AI-enhanced diagnostics, personalized medicine, and vision rehabilitation, present potential improvements in patient outcomes. Nevertheless, considerable deficiencies in clinical implementation persist, requiring a fundamental shift in glaucoma management towards prioritizing vision conservation.
