Web of Synergy:International Interdisciplinary Research Journal
ISSN:
2835-3013
©
2023 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the
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506
Raising the Living Standards of the Population
Urunbaeva Yulduz Pirnazarovna
PhD, associate professor, Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service
ABSTRACT
In the article, at the present stage of development of society, the economy is
turning into a complex of industries that emdiv not only production, but also
thousands of services. The fact that the national economy that has been
developing in the years of independence in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as the
end result of consistently implemented economic reforms, new economic
relations, creates favorable opportunities for the further development of the
service sector. In addition, particular importance is attached to the fact that this
industry is the main factor in improving the level and quality of life of the
population due to the rapid development of the national economy.
Introduction.
The properties of a person are formed and changed under the influence of the
whole complex of conditions of his life. So, the frequency of getting on a tourist trip, of course,
is directly related to the socio-cultural level and correlates with its other characteristics, up to
those that reflect a person’s behavior in everyday life during his free time from work, his labor
activity, in the broad sense of the word, in particular, the activity of persons - pensioners or
persons equivalent to them in their free time. And the share of free time of these persons in the
period of their life expectancy is up to 18%. But it would be a gross mistake to believe that by
inducing or forcing people to travel more often on a paid basis, it will be possible to
automatically ensure an improvement in their attitude towards useful work, i.e. strengthening
public order or educating the younger generation.
Analysis of the literature on the topic.
A great contribution to the formation of the theory of
the standard of living of the population was made by such well-known economists as A. Smith,
V. M. Zherebin, A. N. Romanov, N. A. Gorelov. Without their theoretical approaches and
theoretical views on public well-being and its achievement, it is difficult to create a system of
modern scientific views on the well-being of the population and the standard of living.
Research methodology.
In the course of the study, methods of logical analysis based on
information were used. At the same time, such methods and concepts of the theory of knowledge
as induction and deduction, space and time, analysis and synthesis were also used.
Analysis and results.
Correlating the properties of persons of retirement age with the processes
of labor in the field of education, health or culture, it is legitimate to consider the increment of
Keywords
:
standard of living
of the population, quality of life,
demand, consumption, savings
of the population, wages,
incomes of the population, free
time
.
Received:
March 28, 2023
Accepted:
April 29, 2023
Published:
May 30, 2023
Article Information
WEB OF SYNERGY
:
International Interdisciplinary Research Journal
Volume 2 Issue 5, Year 2023 ISSN: 2835-3013
https://univerpubl.com/index.php/synergy
Web of Synergy:International Interdisciplinary Research Journal
ISSN:
2835-3013
©
2023 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the
terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
507
their experience, i.e. knowledge or health, etc. as social outcomes. However, this does not mean
that they are created by someone (i.e., doctors, scientists), just as, say, a pensioner can be closely
involved in the upbringing of laborers, and disabled people can (taking into account age) take an
active part in sports, varieties on a level sufficient to enable them to choose according to the
degree of disability or ability. The end social result is always the result of its not only the
subjects of the tourism sector, who are now ready to provide various services, but also
consumption, more precisely, selective and, as a rule, active assimilation of free material and
intangible benefits.
The dependence of such results on specific types of services provided, including those in the
tourism sector, obviously cannot be unambiguous. Accordingly, in principle, it is impossible to
determine, for example, the social rate of expenditure of disabled people or pensioners for the
production of a “health unit” (this does not exclude the possibility of a fruitful analysis of the
corresponding dependencies, if their correlational nature is realized). Thus, neither from the
point of view of utility, nor from the standpoint of assessing the share of their free time and the
cost of useful time, the final social results are not analogous to the products of other sectors of
the economy than tourism. This excludes the possibility of their direct comparison, summation,
etc. At the same time, there is an obvious need to compare, for example, the contribution of the
tourism sector to the social growth of the life of people who have more free time and an increase
in the standard of living of the population as a whole.
To one row with material goods, as a means of satisfying the needs of individuals directly
created in a particular sector of the economy, one can include their activities in the service
sector, as a typical and not its end result embodied in a person, but the totality of the impact of
this sphere on the personality of a particular consumer services. So, if we are talking about
tourism, a kind of product is not the work of the guide itself (from an economic point of view, it
is a labor process), but also not the cultural level acquired by them during the tourist trip. The
product in this case is an act of influence of tourism subjects on tourists, more precisely, an act
of their interaction.
In practical terms, the above means, in particular, that when determining the scope of services of
a tourism entity, one should proceed not from the number of tourists visiting a theater or museum
(if necessary), but from the number of visits. It is difficult to recognize a travel company
operating with a half-empty site as working as effectively (at least in the economic sense) as a
team that gathers a full audience, although from the side of activity (labor costs) they may differ
little. At the same time, if we consider the work of the guide itself or its useful properties as a
service, we would have to admit that it affects even when preparations for a tour are carried out,
or preparatory work (before the trip) is not taken into account as part of the time spent.
In fact, a tourist who buys a ticket does not acquire (albeit for free) a visit to somewhere (a
museum or a historical place), but the work of guides, not to mention their own cultural level or
a guaranteed increase in this level by a certain amount. The tourist gets the right to interact with
the environment. It involves the activities of persons creating this environment (both at the time
of inspection and in the process of preparing it for admirers - i.e. tourists) and a certain final
social outcome, the object of economic relations becomes an act of communication with the
environment, demonstrating a specific historical monument. This is claimed by the tourist - the
consumer of the tourist product, and this is guaranteed to him.
The service of the subjects of the social sphere (non-material good) is a process in which both
the producer and the consumer participate. These are typical systemic phenomena that disappear
from view when attention is fully focused on one of the interacting parties. If the producer
becomes this side, the service is replaced by its prerequisites, labor costs, if the consumer is
replaced by mediocre and, as a rule, rather distant results of the consumption of services. Both
that, and another do not allow to analyze adequately efficiency of functioning of the social
Web of Synergy:International Interdisciplinary Research Journal
ISSN:
2835-3013
©
2023 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the
terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
508
sphere. On the contrary, if we focus not on activities in the non-material production of the
consumer's personality as such, but on acts of interaction, the identification of social services,
including those for the needs of practice (i.e., serving), does not cause any particular difficulties.
Examples of natural measures of services can be the number of treatment courses, the number of
people who have completed short-term courses in a particular program, preliminary acquaintance
at the round table of the object being inspected (building, structure, stand, historical monument,
etc.). In this case, qualitative characteristics of social services have been compiled, which will be
discussed below, since, first of all, it is necessary to finance the "quotas" of services and their
inherent dimension. This dimension is always the product of a natural meter, some process of
beneficial impact on a person free from the main working day (time) and the number of
consumers (visitors) of retirement age or not working, but having significant free time, who
actually took advantage of this impact.
Conclusions and offers.
Having determined what a service of the social sphere is, one can
confidently build natural performance indicators for various services of the subjects of the social
sphere. However, physical indicators are incompatible with each other, and, as a rule, do not
reflect differences in the quality of homogeneous services. Cost indicators are free from these
shortcomings, without which it is difficult to do when it comes to economic analysis. The
development of such indicators, of course, also involves fixing the properties of the service as an
object of evaluation. However, in this case, it is no longer just the natural form of the product of
non-material production that requires attention, especially since the question of the monetary
valuation of its results, due to historical circumstances, has been largely obscured. In the course
of a long discussion about the product of services, in the broad sense of the word, the search for
its rational solution is extremely difficult.
It has now become generally accepted that the growth of production, including material
production, largely depends on the scale and structure of personal consumption of social
services. To some extent, A. Smith also recognized this, judging by his individual remarks: for
example, on the role of education. However, in general, for him the only real alternative to
investment in material production was the wastefulness of the idle strata of society. In A.Smith's
discussion of productive labor, one can clearly see the situation when the development of the
economy corresponded more to the number of employed than to the level and quality of their life
[1].
Some other researchers, speaking about the problem of labor productivity, basically adhered to
its original formulation, which led to a different line of controversy, within which the debate "On
the usefulness of various types of activity" began. In this respect, "usefulness" fully belongs to
the category of usefulness of the service sector, on the effectiveness of which the growth of the
living standards of the population as a whole depends. Because everything that satisfies
someone's need for services is useful.
Unfortunately, such a controversy has not found its development in modern economic literature.
Over time, this controversy will be perceived, in the words of J. Schumpeter, as “a dusty
museum object” [2].
Hence, the idea is repeatedly repeated: when it comes to the usefulness of services, it is not the
sphere of employment that is dominant, but direct involvement in the reproduction of capital,
respectively.
References
1.
Smith A. Research on the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. / translated from
English by E.M. Maiburda.-M., 1993. - P.572.
2.
Shumpeter.J.A. History of economic analysis. Oxford university press. 1996.-1320 p.
Web of Synergy:International Interdisciplinary Research Journal
ISSN:
2835-3013
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2023 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the
terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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3.
Urunbaeva Yu. P. The service sector and the standard of living of the population:
interrelationship and prospects for development. Monograph. Tashkent.: "FAN", 2013.- 156
p.
