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FRONTLINE MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL
(ISSN
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2752-6712)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
33-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.14
)
(2022:
5.605
)
OCLC
–
1272874727
METADATA
IF
–
6.986
Publisher:
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A
BSTRACT
Dental anomalies belong to the group of major dental diseases and are characterized by a high prevalence.
Currently, the prevalence of dental anomalies in children and adolescents in the CIS countries is 50-80%,
while 37% of the population needs specialized orthodontic care (L.S. Persin, 2014).
K
EYWORDS
Dental health index, periodontal disease, taste analyzer, chronic generalized periodontitis.
I
NTRODUCTION
The introduction of new technologies and
materials into dentistry makes it possible to
achieve optimal functional and aesthetic results
in the process of orthodontic treatment using
Journal
Website:
https://frontlinejournal
s.org/journals/index.ph
p/fmspj
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
ASSESSMENT OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE
OF PARODONTAL TISSUES OF PERSONS RECEIVING
ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT
Submission Date:
May
10, 2022,
Accepted Date:
May 20
, 2022,
Published Date:
May
30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/medical-fmspj-02-05-05
Nazarova Nodira Sharipovna
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Postgraduate
education of the Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan
Saidmuradova Zhamila Batyrovna
Assistant of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
34
FRONTLINE MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL
(ISSN
–
2752-6712)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
33-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.14
)
(2022:
5.605
)
OCLC
–
1272874727
METADATA
IF
–
6.986
Publisher:
Frontline Journals
fixed appliances (Arsenina O.I., 2018; Alexander
W., 2018; McLaughlin R., 2015; Proffit W., 2013).
If previously removable devices were used in
90% of cases, they are currently used only in 16%
of cases. Today, 84% of patients are treated using
fixed equipment (N.M. Shulkina, V.A. Uskova, M.V.
Shulkin, 2019).
However, despite the undeniable advantages of
using a bracket system, brackets fixed on the
teeth, rings, arcs, wires, ligatures, springs
significantly complicate oral hygiene, which leads
in 32.7% of cases to damage to the hard tissues of
teeth, mostly immune to caries. surfaces, and in
92% there is an unfavorable condition of the
periodontium. The percentage of complications
(discoloration of the tooth enamel around the
braces, the formation of white spots and enamel
defects, the development of inflammatory
periodontal diseases - gingivitis, periodontitis)
detected during orthodontic treatment remains
high - from 32.7 to 50% (Kiselnikova L.P. , Ramm
H.L, 2016, Medvedovskaya N.M., 2017).
Violations of the occlusion of the dentition
increase the risk of other dental diseases and
complicate the process of preparing food for
digestion and assimilation, create aesthetic and
related psychological problems. Actual or
imaginary cosmetic flaws that accompany
anomalies in the structure of the dental system
can become a source of moral suffering and
inferiority complexes for a person.
The prevalence of inflammatory periodontal
diseases remains at a high level (Domasheva N.N.,
2018; Bodet C., Chandad F., Grenier D., 2017),
while the clinical picture of chronic catarrhal
gingivitis, as well as the early stages of chronic
generalized periodontitis, is characterized by
low-manifest
and
latent
course,
which
complicates timely diagnosis and, therefore,
delays the start of adequate therapeutic and
rehabilitation measures. The prevalence and
intensity of dental diseases in people with
orthodontic structures is more pronounced than
in patients who do not use them.
Studies on the prevention of dental diseases
during orthodontic treatment are numerous, but
there are still no clear criteria for assessing the
condition of periodontal hard tissues, the
complexes of preventive measures necessary to
maintain the health of periodontal tissues in
different age groups using non-removable
orthodontic
equipment
have
not
been
differentiated.
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FRONTLINE MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL
(ISSN
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2752-6712)
VOLUME
02
I
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05
Pages:
33-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
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)
(2022:
5.605
)
OCLC
–
1272874727
METADATA
IF
–
6.986
Publisher:
Frontline Journals
In this regard, the development and improvement
of methods for early diagnosis and prevention of
initial forms of dental caries and inflammatory
diseases
of
periodontal
tissues
during
orthodontic treatment is one of the urgent tasks
that need to be resolved. At the same time, this
problem, as well as information about the means
of preventing pathological changes that occur in
the oral cavity during treatment with bracket
systems, remain insufficiently studied.
The purpose of this study is to study the
morphological and functional state of periodontal
tissues during orthodontic treatment.
Modern orthodontic structures in the form of
removable and non-removable structures have
become more and more widely introduced into
dental practice in the treatment of various
dentoalveolar anomalies.
Among orthodontic structures, non-removable
orthodontic equipment has become much more
often used, which has expanded the possibilities
for
correcting
dentoalveolar
anomalies.
According to V. Ressi (2016), a dentist often treats
patients as part of a comprehensive treatment
involving other dental specialties and specialties
of related areas, while excellent results of
orthodontic
treatment
of
dentoalveolar
anomalies are noted both in adolescents and in
adults.
M
ATERIAL AND RESEARCH METHODS
To study the morphological and functional
changes in periodontal tissues, an in-depth dental
examination of persons with periodontal
diseases, who are undergoing orthodontic
treatment in the regional dental clinic in the
amount of 38 people - the main group, as well as
20 patients who do not have dentoalveolar
anomalies, was carried out. They were taken as a
comparison group.
R
ESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Orthodontic treatment, which is aimed at
correcting irregularly located teeth, their
crowding, normalizing the ratio of teeth, can be
the cause of periodontal disease as a result of
changes in the state of the tissues that surround
the teeth.
Dental anomalies are characterized by serious
violations of the ratio of teeth, expressed in a
decrease in the effectiveness of the functions of
the temporomandibular joint, in the development
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
36
FRONTLINE MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL
(ISSN
–
2752-6712)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
33-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.14
)
(2022:
5.605
)
OCLC
–
1272874727
METADATA
IF
–
6.986
Publisher:
Frontline Journals
of the pathology of the masticatory apparatus, as
well as in the appearance of cosmetic defects,
which reduces the mental balance of patients,
which leads to the appearance of complexes,
isolation, etc.
Treatment of developed dentoalveolar anomalies
and deformities of the maxillofacial area today is
carried out both with the help of removable
orthodontic structures (ROS) and fixed
orthodontic structures (FOS).
We conducted a marketing survey to find out the
demand of people for the proposed dental
services (correction and normalization of bite).
According to a marketing survey, scientists came
to the following conclusion: more than half of the
respondents have no idea about the word
"braces"; for the sake of cosmetic well-being and
healthy teeth, 72% of respondents, mostly female
respondents, agreed to endure inconvenience,
but a very small contingent of the population
agree to pay for this large finances; the population
has come to terms with the fact that the use of
braces when necessary is of great importance for
the dental health of the oral cavity and the beauty
of the teeth, and most of them think that this is
necessary; almost 45% of those surveyed think
that even bite and beautiful teeth have nothing to
do with being beautiful.
Bleeding gums, the presence of plaque, shallow
periodontal pockets in young people who do not
observe oral hygiene, especially in people with
orthodontic appliances, and who do not receive
appropriate medical care, lead for several years to
severe and persistent periodontal diseases
(periodontitis), requiring long-term and complex
treatment.
If the microbial flora of the oral cavity in healthy
people has a relative constancy, which is
considered normal, and this symbiotic microflora
also acts as a barrier, preventing the development
of pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity
from the external environment, then a violation of
this ratio leads to an increase in the total number
of microorganisms and vegetation in the mouth
area of strains of microorganisms that are not
characteristic of this area of the human div.
Decreased immunity in this case can lead to the
occurrence of inflammatory processes in the oral
cavity.
Orthodontic treatment suppresses the factors of
local immunity of the oral cavity, manifested by a
decrease in the activity of lysozyme (by 99.8%,
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
37
FRONTLINE MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL
(ISSN
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2752-6712)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
33-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.14
)
(2022:
5.605
)
OCLC
–
1272874727
METADATA
IF
–
6.986
Publisher:
Frontline Journals
26.6%, 10.89% and 53.5%, 10.09%, 4.08%,
respectively) and the concentration of slgA in
mixed saliva (by 129.09%%, 62.29%, 22.89% and
83.51%, 34.42%, 14.59%, respectively) in groups
1 and 2 on day 7, after 1 and 3 months after
fixation of non-removable equipment.
During orthodontic interventions, accompanied
by prolonged use of appropriate equipment,
overload of individual teeth, severe complications
from the periodontium often develop, tissue
nutrition is disturbed due to compression and
thrombosis of blood vessels and venous
circulation disorders. Orthodontic appliances
contribute to the retention of food residues of
plaque. The oral surface of the gingival faye
suffers most often, especially when using plates
with vestibular arches that compress the gum
tissue, injuring them during prosthesis
microexcursions.
The functional state of the periodontium is
heterogeneous in the process of orthodontic
treatment of crowded teeth. The decrease in these
parameters in the future is due to the adaptation
of the support-retaining apparatus of the tooth to
the applied load, which is consistent with the data
in the works of Lobanov Yu.S. (2014).
Thus, one of the main factors that play an
important role in the occurrence of periodontal
disease in persons using orthodontic appliances
is the very presence of this appliance, as well as
poor oral hygiene, which leads to an increase in
the contamination of the oral cavity with various
opportunistic microorganisms, which, in turn, can
be causative agents of inflammatory processes in
this area.
That in children with dental anomalies and
deformities at the stages of instrumental
treatment, when using removable and non-
removable devices, an imbalance of the immune
system develops.
The decrease in the effectiveness of preventive
measures and remedies in children with
dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities is due to
the development of periods of immunological
stress when using a bracket system.
A study of the state of the periodontium in the
process of orthodontic treatment of crowded
teeth in patients aged 13-18 years, conducted by
Pankratova N.V. and A.B. Slabkovskaya A.B.
(2016) made it possible to establish that the
incorrect position in the dentition reduces the
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FRONTLINE MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL
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VOLUME
02
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Pages:
33-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
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)
(2022:
5.605
)
OCLC
–
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METADATA
IF
–
6.986
Publisher:
Frontline Journals
endurance of their periodontium to horizontal
load.
The dynamics of indicators of cellular and
humoral immunity at the stages of orthodontic
treatment is associated with the type and
duration of instrumental treatment. In children
with dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities
treated with removable appliances, periods of
immunological discoordination occur 5 and 15
months after the fixation of orthodontic
appliances. Children with dento-maxillary
anomalies and deformities who are being treated
with a bracket system have the same periods of
immunological stress, but the signs of imbalance
are more pronounced in them.
Orthodontic treatment using removable and non-
removable appliances has a negative impact on
the tissues of the oral cavity. Children with dental
anomalies and deformities treated with
removable and non-removable appliances differ
from children with dental anomalies and
deformities without orthodontic treatment in the
dynamics of clinical indicators of the state of the
cavity mouth.
At the stages of orthodontic treatment (after 15,
24, 36, 48 months), they have higher values of
hygiene indices, PMA, KPU(h) and KPU(p) indices,
a higher rate of growth of dental caries, a higher
value of the TER test, a greater prevalence of
caries in the stain stage.
Orthodontic treatment contributes to a decrease
in the level of oral hygiene by 26.8% on the
seventh day after the fixation of fixed equipment.
The complexity of dental treatment and
prevention is, according to the timing data: the
course of treatment of periodontitis is 3.1 hours,
gingivitis is 1.08 hours, the manufacture of an
occlusal splint is 0.86 hours by a doctor and 1.08
hours by a dental technician, the application of a
composite filling is 0.60 hours , making a ceramic
inlay 1.10 hours at the doctor’s and 2.5 hours at
the dental technician, endodontic treatment with
restoration of the tooth with a light composite
1.47 hours (with revision of the sealed root canals
2.1 hours) (with the restoration of the ceramic
inlay of the tooth during the primary and
repeated endodontic treatment 1.56 hours and
2.36 hours at the doctor and 2.5 hours each at the
dental technician), tooth extraction 0.58 hours,
professional hygiene at the dental hygienist 0.99
hours, remtherapy 1.23 hours, dispensary
examination 0 .31 hours.
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FRONTLINE MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL
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SJIF
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)
OCLC
–
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METADATA
IF
–
6.986
Publisher:
Frontline Journals
Thus,
morpho-functional
methods
for
determining changes in the state of the
periodontium
in
individuals.
Being
on
orthodontic treatment, which is an economical,
non-invasive method for assessing bacterial
contamination of the oral mucosa, is
recommended for use in the practice of
orthodontists.
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