The role of anatomical and hormonalfactors in the pathogenesis of varicocele inchildren and methods for its prevention(literature review)

Varicocele, a common condition in adolescent males, is characterized by the dilation of the pampiniform plexus veins and is associated with potential impacts on testicular growth, hormone production, and fertility. The pathogenesis of varicocele involves both anatomical and hormonal factors, including venous insufficiency, impaired testicular temperature regulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokine activity. Hormonal alterations, such as reduced testosterone and inhibin B levels, further contribute to testicular dysfunction. Management strategies range from observation and monitoring to surgical interventions like microsurgical varicocelectomy, laparoscopic repair, and percutaneous embolization. Early detection and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent long-term reproductive consequences.