No. 4 (2022) Archive

This research paper studies the tax policy of
Uzbekistan, specifically the issue of tax burden, the essence of tax burden indicator and different approaches of calculating it. In this article, international experience of using digital
technologies to improve taxation system and the situation of Uzbekistan in this matter are proposed. Analyzing different sources in this theme, conclusion and suggestions are given.

Every year there is an increasing interest in combined expectorant drugs. In the context of a new coronavirus infection, accompanied by the development of pneumonia, mucolytic and antitussive drugs were prescribed to almost all patients, so interest in this group of drugs has grown significantly.

The incidence of hepatopathy in the world population has been continuously growing in recent years. Experts attribute this phenomenon to various factors: alcoholism, drugs, blood transfusions, iatrogenesis, infectious processes, and others. The search for new hepatotropic drugs is also relevant against the background of new viral infections. It has been established that the causative agent of a new coronavirus infection can lead to the development of virus-mediated hepatopathy [2, 5]. The pathogenesis of this liver lesion remains a subject of debate, but scientists consider the “cytokine storm” that develops during severe and very severe infectious process as a leading factor in this process [2].

The “gut-brain axis” is a bi-directional system of interaction between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which consists of closely related neural and humoral pathways. There is now evidence, mainly from animal studies using gnotobiological models and by irritating the microbiota with antibacterial drugs, that gut bacteria are important in the gut-brain axis, acting here as modulators, and signaling pathway intermediaries.

The article presents data on the study of the activity and topography of enteral enzymes in rats of mixed, non- aggressive and aggressive groups under conditions of immobilization stress. The experiments were carried out on adult outbred rats. The experiment revealed that the topography of the enzymatic activities of the corresponding enzymes in the mucosal homogenate taken along the entire small intestine is more variable.

Functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract tract - diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that are not associated with organic lesions and include a number of individual idiopathic disorders affecting various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with visceral hypersensitivity and impaired motor function.

A conditioned reflex (temporal connection) is an individual reaction acquired during life through learning (as opposed to an unconditioned (innate) reflex). It is produced under certain conditions: the coincidence in time of the unconditioned stimulus and the neutral stimulus (a classic example: the presentation of food with the simultaneous ignition of a light bulb), as a result of which a reaction (for example, salivation) appears after a while to the presentation of only a neutral stimulus.

The thyroid gland (glandula thyroidea) is an unpaired endocrine organ whose function is regulated by the central nervous system and the thyroid-stimulating hormone of the anterior pituitary gland.

The gland is located in the region of the anterior triangle of the neck (trigonum cervicale anterius), bounded from above by the base of the lower jaw, from below by the jugular notch of the sternum, on the sides by the anterior edges of the right and left sternocleidomastoid muscles.

The steady increase in the incidence and mortality of the population from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is one of the most important factors in the formation of a difficult demographic situation in the world, from which society suffers significant human losses and economic damage.

Aging is a decrease in the orderliness of body structures with age and an increase in their degree of wear, which is expressed in a decrease in the viability of the body, a decrease in functionality and adaptability, as well as an increase in the likelihood of diseases and death from various causes.

The study aimed to investigate the protective mechanisms of substance Darmonal and phytin compounds in the experimental model of acute toxic drug-induced hepatitis caused by paracetamol in rats.
The material and methods The research was carried out on white outbred rats of both sexes weighing 140-200 g. Drug-in¬duced liver damage was reproduced by introduction of paracetamol into the stomach in dose 500 mg/kg for 2 days. The test compounds Darmonal, Fitin-C and reference drug Liv.52 were administered for 7 days after hepatitis reproduction in doses 100 mg/kg. The effectiveness and mechanism of action for selected supramolecular complexes in the model of toxic drug-induced hepatitis was made by paracetamol. It was researched that liver protein-synthesizing function was due to the content of total protein and albumin in the blood serum, the excretory and toxic function of the liver by the content of total and direct bilirubin as well as the endogenous intoxication were according to the content of urea in the blood serum, but cytolytic syndrome occurred because of the activity of indicator enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in blood serum).
Research results. The study of specific activity of Darmonal in combination with Fitin-C and the reference drug Liv.52 on the model of paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride hepatitis showed that the drugs, being administered in dose 100 mg/kg, had a pronounced hepatoprotective effect.

   The problem of free radical pathology, the most important characteristic of which is the accumulation of toxic products of lipid peroxidation, is of exceptional scientific and practical importance. Radical oxidative processes are a significant pathogenetic factor in many diseases and pathological conditions (1,2,4,7,11). One of the important aspects of studying the pathogenesis of various diseases is the study of the state of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system. Violation of the stationary state of free-radical oxidation is considered one of the universal, non-specific indicators of the presence of damage and is characteristic of a wide variety of diseases: atherosclerosis, stress, neuroses, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory processes, autoimmune diseases, etc. (3,5,6,8,9 ,10).

The  purpose  of  the  study  is  to  analyze  the  incidence  rates  of  age-related  macular degeneration (AMD) in the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period 2010-2019, by region. Methods: the analysis of the dynamics of indicators of the general and primary incidence of AMD over a 10-year period was carried out, by copying and statistical methods.  Results: over the period of study, the indicators of general and primary morbidity in the regions of the republic are uneven and tend to steadily increase.  Conclusions: The overall incidence in Uzbekistan for the period 2010-2019. increased by 1.8 times and  in  2019  amounted  to  24.45  per  100,000  population.  The  primary  incidence  over  this  period increased by 2.3 times and in 2019 amounted to 8.38 per 100,000 population. The incidence in the regions of the republic varies considerably, which necessitates a number of measures to improve the quality of medical care.

In this article, the problems of determining the optimal tax burden in the economy are scientifically and theoretically researched, in which issues such as the problems of determining the optimal tax burden in the national economy, the distribution of the tax burden in the economy, indicators that are important to consider when calculating the optimal tax burden are considered. Also, directions for determining the tax burden of enterprises were studied

Atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases remain an urgent problem of modern medicine. Data from the WHO Global Health Assessments show that they are the number one cause of death and have continued to be the leading cause of death worldwide for over 20 years. The issues of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis require further development, since understanding the mechanisms of the development of the disease has one goal: the search for effective treatment in terms of targeted impact on important links in pathogenesis.

The importance of ophthalmotonometry in the diagnosis of ocular pathology cannot be overestimated. Not you- There are doubts about the need for this study in patients of all age groups [1]. For example tonometry data in eyes with a cornea having a thickness in the center of more than 580 microns need to be corrected lowering (real IOP is lower than the obtained data) [2].

This article contains information about the standard and legal requirements for highways in our country and the requirements for highways in developed countries.

Активизация  внимания  хирургов  к  проблеме  рубцовых деформаций  кожи  лица  способствовало  развитие  пластической  хирургии,  а также  всё  большее  понимание  обществом  важнейшей  роли  внешнего  вида  в жизни  человека.  По  данным  исследований  каждый  год  у  100  миллионов человек  по  всему  миру  появляются  шрамы  после  травм  и  хирургических вмешательств,  и  15  миллионов  из  них  имеют  гипертрофические  и  келоидные рубцы.  При  этом  возникновение  грубых  рубцов  часто  приводит  к  развитию нервно-психических  расстройств  вплоть  до  случаев  тяжелой  депрессии, развитию  постоянной  нетрудоспособности.  Профилактика  развития патологических  рубцов  кожи  лица  (при  хирургических  вмешательствах)  и лечение  (коррекция)  рубцов  представляет  собой  важную  медико-социальную проблему.

Atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases are still an urgent problem of modern medicine. The WHO Global Health Estimates show, that they are the leading  cause  of  death  and  have  been  the  leading  cause  of  death  globally  for  20  years. Patterns  of  atherosclerosis  pathogenesis  are  requiring  further  development,  because understanding  the  mechanisms  of  disease  development  has  one  goal:  to  find  effective treatment in terms of targeting important parts of pathogenesis.