No. 4 (2020) Archive

Проблема  гнойной  инфекции  в  челюстно-лицевой  хирургии  была  и остается  актуальной,  что  объясняется  ростом  числа  больных  с воспалительными процессами челюстно-лицевой области, увеличением числа случаев тяжелого генерализированного течения инфекций. Несмотря на широкое внедрение в клиническую практику таких методов лечения,  как  местное  и  общее  хирургическое  пособие,  применение антибактериальных  препаратов  и  химиотерапевтических  средств, дезинтоксикационной  и  корригирующей  терапии,  терапии  сопутствующих заболеваний,  современных  физиотерапевтических  средств,  воспалительные заболевания челюстно-лицевой области продолжают представлять угрозу для здоровья и жизни человека.

In recent years, due to the expansion of ideas about the physiology of the processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients, the introduction of modern morphological, allergo-immunological, biochemical and genetic tests, knowledge of the pathological nature of diseases has significantly deepened.

In many aspects, the processes of regulation of the effects of opioid peptides remain unclear, but it has been shown that, due to the activation of opiate receptors, regulatory cellular reactions are involved, as well as the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and the formation of adenosine monophosphate. As a result, an increase in the supply of potassium ions and some other processes are observed. Interacting primarily with delta and mu receptors, dalargin controls the processes of pain relief and eating behavior. Dalargin mediates its effects both in the gastric mucosa and in the myocardium. The drug stabilizes blood flow and lymph flow in the area of the defect, stimulates increased production of mucus and a number of prostaglandins, these factors contribute to the regeneration of the mucosa. Interacting with receptors in the myocardium, the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and specific proteases decreases in cardiomyocytes, the process of glycogenesis increases, the concentration of catecholamines in the general blood flow normalizes, which improves hemodynamics and heart rate. Thus, these factors lead to accelerated scar healing.

In the process of formation and implementation of tax policy, the tax potential of the regions and the tax burden regularly interact. Their relationship determines the level of the tax policy and, accordingly, the method of determining its effectiveness.

Retrospective  analysis  of  outpatient records of patients with comorbidities such as hepatitis А, В, C, with inflammatory processes of the oral cavity' and maxillofacial area after tooth extraction performed for  emergency  indications.  Material  and  methods: According to archival data for three years (2017-2019), on the basis of the clinic of adult surgical dentistry i the Tashkent  State Dental  Institute,  an  analysis  of 78 case histories of hospitalized patients with hepatitis and 107  outpatient  records  of patients  with  concomitanl pathology (hepatitis А, В, C) at the age from  19 to 55 years with various types of odontogenic inflammator processes of the oral cavity and maxillofacial  region. Results:  In  combined  pathology,  there  is  a  clos functional  relationship  between  the  affected  organs. The monitoring  showed  that  inflammatory  proce in the oral cavity aggravate the course of hepatitis a serve  as  an  important  addition  to  the  characteristi of  its  general  picture.  Conclusions:  Patients  wi hepatitis require  treatment of the  underlying disea as well as constant monitoring of the state of the о cavity.

Our study showed that VTE is one of the most serious complications in patients with oncopathology and determines  the  course  of  the  disease,  requires  dynamic  monitoring  of  hemodynamic  parameters  and timely  administration  of  both  pharmacological  and  mechanical  means  of  preventing  thrombosis. Preventing  the  development  of  VTE  is  one  of  the  important  steps  to  increase  the  survival  of  cancer patients

This  paper  presents  data  on  the  etiopathogenetic  mechanisms  of  emergence  and  development  of precancerous  cervical  diseases.  This  review  covers  the  latest  data  from  epidemiological  studies, molecular  research  methods  and  histological  methods.  It  also  presents  data  on  the  etiology  of precancerous  cervical  disease  -  Chl.  Trachomatis  and  the  effect  of  nicotine  on  the  course  and condition of the disease. Several serotypes of cervical precancerous lesions were detected based on microbiological methods of research, which also reveals the mechanisms of occurrence and course of cervical precancerous lesions.

Проблема реабилитации пациентов с рубцовыми поражениями кожи лица и шеи до сегодняшнего дня не утратила своей актуальности. При неотложных и плановых хирургических операциях, когда ткани пациента рассекаются хирургическим скальпелем, речь, как правило, идет о спасении здоровья, а часто и жизни, пациента. Поэтому хирурга волнует, прежде всего, не качество будущего рубца, а то, как более успешно решить основную задачу лечения (например, вскрытие флегмоны, резецировать опухоль и т.д.).

To date, the problem of rehabilitation of patients with cicatricial lesions of the facial skin has not lost its relevance. The article is devoted to the prevention of the formation of postoperative hypertrophic scars on the face and their treatment.

Microbiological research was carried out by PCR method in 42 persons aged 25-60 years (men - 24 and women - 18), installed and Osseo integrated DIO dental implants, which were prototyped by metal-ceramic crowns, with temporary fixation on Tempo Bond NE. After 20 days, a follow-up visit was scheduled. All the examined patients were taken biological substrate of gingival fluid from the para-implant furrow using paper endodontic pins (№ 25). Exposure of two pins was made within 30 seconds with the help of tweezers between the peri-implant cuff and the crown, biological substrate of gum liquid was taken from the parai-implant furrow. The biological substrate was transported and tested according to the manufacturer's recommendations.  When studying the content in patients with orthopedic constructions on dental implants by PCR method we observed high frequency of occurrence of Streptococcus sobrinus (69,3%), Streptococcus sanguis (48,6%) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (41,9).  Relatively similar data on the content of these microorganisms were obtained in the molecular genetic study of Streptococcus oralis samples (22.7%). Obviously, it is the combined effect of the most frequently diagnosed pathogens and peculiarities of interaction of anaerobic agents of parasitocenosis that can determine the nature of inflammatory and destructive process in the peri-implant zone.

Имплантация зубов – самое актуальное, перспективное и востребованное направление в современной стоматологии и протезировании. По  данным  статистических  исследований,  распространенность дефектов зубных рядов достигает 80% у населения трудоспособного возраста Узбекистана.  Данные  показатели  свидетельствуют  о  высокой  нуждаемости населения  в  ортопедической  и  хирургической  помощи.  Именно  поэтому дентальная  имплантация  столь  актуальна  в  настоящее  время.  Несмотря  на множество преимуществ, быстрое развитие и совершенствование технологий, современная  имплантация  имеет  существенный  недостаток  –  осложнения  в послеоперационном  периоде.  В  результате  чего,  вопрос  о  разработке профилактических  мероприятий  по  снижению  риска  осложнений  в послеоперационный  период  при  проведении  зубной  имплантации  имеет большое значение.

Dental implantation is the most relevant, promising and demanded direction in modern dentistry and prosthetics. According to statistical studies, the prevalence of dentition defects reaches 80% among the working-age population of Uzbekistan. These indicators indicate a high need of the population for orthopedic and surgical care. That is why dental implantation  is  so relevant  today.  Despite  the  many  advantages, the  rapid  development and  improvement  of  technologies,  modern  implantation  has  a  significant  drawback  - complications in the postoperative period. As a result, the issue of developing preventive measures  to  reduce  the  risk  of  complications  in  the  postoperative  period  during  dental implantation is  of great  importance.

The mobility games the methodology of conducting mobility games among pre-school children and the content of the mobility games implementation in the physical trainings are highlighted in this article.

Tooth  extraction  is  the  most  common  operation,  after  which  hemorrhagic complications often occur, especially in patients with chronic viral liver disease. This condition is caused by damage to the endothelial lining of blood vessels. Based on this,  the purpose of this study was to study the  features of  endothelial dysfunction before tooth extraction in patients with viral hepatitis. 58 patients with hepatitis B and C with different prescription periods of the disease were examined. In patients with viral  hepatitis,  an  increase  in  platelet  aggregation  activity  on  the  effect  of  an  ADP inducer  (Tma)  by  45%  was  noted  before  tooth  extraction.  The  lengthening  of  the activated  recalcification  time  (AVR)  by  37%  observed  by  us  in  patients  with  viral hepatitis reflects a deficiency of plasma factors (XII,XI,XIII) of the blood coagulation system and indicates a state of hypocoagulation. Against this background, high values of alpha-2 macroglobulin in the blood (4 times) and Willebrand factor (15%) and a significant decrease (by 35%) in the content of protein C in the blood of the examined patients were noted. The obtained results of the study indicate that these patients have a narrow band of maintaining hemostatic balance, and the existing balance can easily be transformed into hypo- or hypercoagulation, which requires preventive measures to prevent complications after tooth extraction.

This article describes the problems of the influence of culture on the work of a translator and the quality of translation. The article presents the opinions of researchers regarding the problem of the cultural aspect in the translation process, namely the impossibility of conveying certain concepts of one language in another. The problem is described using the example of Chinese and English, which represent different language families and, as a result, belong to completely different cultures. The definition of the notion "chinglish" is given, meaning the distortion of the language, in which the rules of the English language and culture are not observed. The Chinglish phenomenon is due to the influence of Chinese thinking and lack of cultural awareness. Examples of incorrect translation of phrases and sentences from Chinese into English are given.