All articles - Ophthalmology

Близорукость одна из наиболее распространенных патологий органа зрения и занимает второе место среди женщин детородного возраста. Несмотря на современные методы профилактики и лечения в офтальмологии количество больных миопией неуклонно растет

Trauma, particularly traumatic impairment of vision organ, is one of the most common percentage in the structure of diseases. Analysis of structure of traumatic impairments of vision organ was performed among the population of Fergana valley by the using archive materials of hospitals of Andijan. Fergana and Namangan regions for period 2006- 2009yy. Patients with the gender of Male, age of pre-school and school, active working age are the most sensitive for trauma of eyes. In-time diagnostics, primary medical and special ophtalmological aid are actual in the prevention of complication of traumatic impairments of vision organ

Проводя  ретроспективный  анализ,  можно  подытожить,  что  пандемия оказала  существенное  влияние  не  только  на  здравоохранение,  но  и  на экономику,  финансы,  производство,  транспорт  и  другие  важнейшие  сферы народного  хозяйства.  В  сложившейся  ситуации  актуальной  стала  тема недостаточности финансирования системы здравоохранения. Средства нашлись и  на  строительство  новых  больниц,  и  на  обеспечение  заболевших коронавирусной инфекцией необходимыми - и недешевыми - лекарствами, и на доплаты  медицинским  работникам,  работающим  в  "красной"  зоне.  Но одновременно  пришлось  на  время  снизить  объемы  плановой  медицинской помощи, диспансеризации, профилактических программ. В существенной мере пострадала  доступность  медицинской  помощи.  Офтальмология,  которая  без преувеличения  является  одной  из  наиболее  высокотехнологичных  отраслей здравоохранения,  также  оказалась  под  ударом.  Необходимо  отметить,  что заболевания  глаз  обычно  не  создают  угрозы  жизни  пациента,  однако  могут кардинально  снижать  ее  качество.  Во  время  периода  самоизоляции  общество как раз столкнулось с проблемой доступности оказания плановой медицинской помощи, в том числе офтальмологической.   

Возрастная  макулярная  дегенерация  (ВМД)  –  прогрессирующее заболевание,  характеризующееся  поражением  центральной  зоны  сетчатки, приводящее  к  слепоте  и  инвалидности,  являющееся  медико-социальной проблемой.  Поскольку  ВМД  является  хронически  текущим  заболеванием, установление  данного  диагноза  обусловливает  необходимость  пожизненной диспансеризации этой группы пациентов.

Glaucoma is one of the most significant ophthalmic diseases, which, with late detection and lack  of  timely  treatment,  adjusted  depending  on  the  patient's  condition,  leads  to  blindness.  Of particular value in the organization of monitoring is personalized accounting in the form of registers to optimize the provision of specialized medical care, including to persons suffering from socially significant  diseases,  which  is  primary  glaucoma.  The  aim  of  this  study  is  to  improve  the organization of medical care for primary glaucoma by creating an electronic program for medical examinations.  To  improve  the  quality  of  medical  care  for  primary  glaucoma,  we  have  developed  an electronic  program  "Card  of  medical  examination  of  a  patient  with  primary  glaucoma",  which  is designed to record and analyze the main clinical and statistical indicators, and monitor this disease. The  map  clearly  shows  the  dynamics  of  the  patient's  management  process:  when  the diagnosis was made, what treatment was carried out, the transition from stage to stage, in what time frame he was observed, the results of research, when he applied to the primary link of health care, and when to the specialized link of health care, etc. The map makes it possible to conduct an expert assessment of the timing of the detection of the disease, the adequacy and timeliness of the treatment and  diagnostic  process  and  medical  examinations,  the  competence  of  doctors.  The  automated electronic program "Map of clinical examination of a patient with primary glaucoma" contains such a statistical tool as an integrated query constructor for extracting any information about patients, in which the user can set conditions for any database fields in any combination and get the resulting table with fields that can be configured for visualization.

Tug'ma glaukoma bilan og'rigan bolalarda ko'zning biomexanik ko'rsatkichlari uning turli bosqichlari bilan o'rganildi. Oddiy birlamchi tug'ma operatsiyasiz glaukoma bilan og'rigan 1 oydan 3 yoshgacha bo'lgan 20 bemor (40 ko'z) tekshirildi. Ulardan 1-guruhga (ilg'or bosqich) mos ravishda 7 (14 ko'z), 2-chi (ilg'or bosqich) - 8 (16 ko'z), 3-chi (terminal bosqich) 5 bemor (10 ko'z) kiradi. Tadqiqot usullari orasida visometriya, refraktometriya, oftalmoskopiya, optik diskni qazib olishni aniqlash, ko'zning old-orqa o'lchamini ro'yxatga olish bilan A-skanerlash, 5 g og'irlikdagi elastotonometriya; janubiy; 15d, shuningdek, Filatov-Kalf usuli bilan. Olingan ma'lumotlarning tahlili shuni ko'rsatdiki, elastokrivning ko'tarilish gradienti barcha guruhlarda qayd etilgan, ammo eng yuqori ko'rsatkich terminal bosqichi bo'lgan bolalar guruhida bo'lgan, ko'zning anteroposterior hajmi esa mos ravishda kattalashgan. kasallikning og'irligi bilan. Ko'z ichi bosimining oshishi kasallikning og'irligiga mutanosib ravishda qayd etilgan. Konjenital glaukomaning oddiy shakli rivojlanishi bilan ko'zning biomexanik ko'rsatkichlari bosqichlarga ko'ra ortadi. Shu bilan birga, tolali membrananing qattiqligining pasayishi ko'zning to'qimalarida morfologik o'zgarishlarni va glaukoma jarayonining zo'ravonligini ko'rsatadi.

Purpose — to determine the values of central corneal thickness (CCT) in children depending on the level of intraocular pressure
(IOP) and the stage of congenital glaucoma (CG).
Material and methods. Clinical studies were carried out in the eye department of the clinic at the Tashkent Pediatric Medical In-
stitute. The study involved 18 patients (36 eyes) aged 9 to 11 years (mean age 9.3±1.6 years) with confirmed diagnosis of CG.
All patients underwent basic ophthalmologic examination prior to surgical and conservative treatment. In addition to basic meth-
ods, axial eye length and CCT were determined using an automatic non-contact tonometer/pachymeter manufactured by NIDEK
(USA).
Results. Analysis of the obtained data showed that in initial, moderate and advanced stages of glaucoma, the CCT values were sig-
nificantly lower than the age norm values. This indicates stretching of the fibrous capsule and thinning of the cornea in glaucoma.
In terminal stage CG, the CCT values practically did not differ from the age norm, but were higher than in initial, moderate and ad-
vanced stages of the disease. The noted thickening of the corneal membrane in terminal stage may be explained by edema of the cor-
neal tissue as a result of elevated IOP.
Conclusion. The age norm values of CCT should be taken into account when characterizing the severity of glaucomatous process
in children. Compared to the age norm, the cornea is significantly thinner in children aged 9 to 11 years with initial, moderate
and advanced stages of CG, and becomes significantly thicker in terminal stage, which is associated with edema caused by ele-
vated IOP.

Determine the indicators of intraocular pressure (IOP) tonometry, taking into account the parameters of the central thickness of the cornea (CTC) in children with congenital infantile glaucoma (CIG). Clinical studies were conducted in the eye department of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute's clinic. A total of 14 patients (26 eyes) aged 3 to 10 years with a diagnosis of CG were examined. All patients underwent basic ophthalmologic examination prior to surgical and conservative treatment. In addition to basic methods, the axial length of the eyeball was determined, and the CTC was determined on an automatic non-contact tonometer - Reichert pachymeter (USA). An analysis of the data showed: IOP in 39% of cases was considered subnormal, after correction taking into account the CTC in 11% of cases, the IOP was high. This group (11% of cases) was composed of children with a “thin” cornea at the terminal stage of CIG and high myopia. The correct interpretation of IOP indicators will help in choosing an adequate treatment and monitoring the glaucoma process. The used indicator of the central nervous system has practical significance in the interpretation of tonometry according to Maklakov 5 gr.

In the treatment of congenital glaucoma, the most important condition for success is timely and adequate surgical intervention, since traditional drug therapy for this pathology is ineffective.

The length parameter of anterior-posterior axis is compared for children’s hyperopic eyes (302 eyes, hyperopia of 0.5 to 3.0 D). 109 eyes (109 children) with unilateral congenital cataract (UCC), and 132 eyes (90 children) with congenital glaucoma, aged 1 month to 15 years. Extended observation of anterior-posterior axis growth and refraction in eyes with artifakia showed a partial tendency to myopisation (3— 7%), which requires additional research of the pathogenetic process and should be taken into account when calculating the optical power of 1OL. The analysis of data on age-related growth of the anterio-posterior axis of eyes with congenital glaucoma showed the agreement with average figures for the developed and advanced stages of the condition. In contrast, terminal and advanced glaucoma (in children aged 2 to 3) the obtained data showed a reliable increase as compared to previously published values

The importance of ophthalmotonometry in the diagnosis of ocular pathology cannot be overestimated. Not you- There are doubts about the need for this study in patients of all age groups [1]. For example tonometry data in eyes with a cornea having a thickness in the center of more than 580 microns need to be corrected lowering (real IOP is lower than the obtained data) [2].