All articles - Plant Sciences

Subject of research: Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae)-pcrcnnial plant.
Purpose of work: to study bioccological properties of V. officinalis and establishment of seedling areas in Tashkent oasis’s conditions.
Methods of research: laboratory and field experiments, phonological, morphological, bioccological, physiological, phytochemical, agrotechnical and statistical methods.
The results obtained and their novelty: for the first time V. officinalis in the conditions of Tashkent oasis, morphological and bioccological properties of medicinal V. officinalis compared to autumn and spring seedling periods have been studied. Rhythm of seasonal growth, biology of daily and seasonal flowering, potential and real seed productivities, as well as main indicators of water regime have been investigated. Phytochemical content of aerial and ground biomass of plants in both periods of seedling, assay of ether oils and isovalcriana acid in leaves and roots have been studied.
Practical value: bioecological properties have been studied V. officinalis in the conditions of Tashkent oasis and initial agrotechnical methods have been developed. Achieved results can be applied by pharms, which specialise in cultivation of medicinal plants, agricutural workers, forestries, educational-methodological processes in universities.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: based on the investigation results, recommendations were offered to private enterprise “Zamona-Rano” (report from 22.05.2009 r.).
Field of application: introduction, biology, ecology, forestry, pharmaceutics, agriculture.

Actuality and necessity of the dissertation. As we know skins of karakul sheep are in big demand in the world market. Besides bringing up different colored, various shaded, beautiful productions, it is important to inculcate achievement of science, modern innovation technology in this field of activity, as it is requirement of time and life.
Karakul breeding is considered to be an important branch of pastoral cattle breeding, and plays a leading role in supplying the light industry with raw material. Nowadays in order of developing pastoral cattle breeding, we must take into consideration, each economical society’s biological state and its regional situations. It is also necessary to improve selective and genetic peculiarities of karakul sheep, their gene fund must be enriched, new types of plant and lines have to be created.
Karakul sheep are said to be native genus race which was firstly appeared in our country and differ from other sheep with their genus type, with their flowery colored skins, their peculiar colors, with variety of a cover of wooden fiber.
Taking all these peculiarities into consideration we have to bring into the world such karakul skin productions which can compete with other skins and are used widely for exporting. And all these above mentioned cases make our research work be important, actual, as our work aims at verifying scientific bases on improvement this branch of industry, and is said to have scientific practical importance.
Karakul sheep are mainly selected according their colors: they are black, blue and sur and those colors in their turn are divided into various shaped colors. Among the color of skins sur color takes a very important place, as it is in very great demand in the world market, and it is a very rare product.
According to their out coming sheep with sur skin are divided into Bukhara, Karakalpak and Surkhandarya race types. Among them Bukhara sur colored karakul sheep are widely spread in our country and is said to be main productive source which are used for exporting.
Sur colored karakul skins are in big demand in our country and abroad in fur markets.
Taking these demands and actuality in consideration, it is necessary on the basic of improvement of selective and genetic peculiarities of sur karakul colored sheep, we must distinguish connection between their peculiar biological features and productive ones.
Profitably using genetic possibilities of animals we can improve their genetic race, widen skin products, and enrich their beauty. And all these demands make an actual problem which must be solved.
In particular, on March 23, 2006 the Decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for No. 308 «About measures for stimulation of increase in cattle in private, farmer and livestock farms». Proceeding from the resolution for performance of task of expansion of production, improvement of quality of karakul sheep breeding and enrichment of the range of the made production this research work was performed.
The purpose of researches - to develop theoretical bases and effective methods of cultivation and selection the karakul of sheep of sur of Bukhara pedigree type taking into account the constitutional types in the conditions of the Kyzylkum Desert promoting improvement existing, to creation of new factory types and highly productive lines of the animals capable to provide a big exit of export-oriented production and the animals who are well adapted for severe conditions of the whole year round pastoral contents, with it is clear the expressed severity, a sufficient equalization and size of the area of a skin.
Scientific novelty of work consists that for the first time in the conditions of the Kyzylkum Desert complex researches on studying of regularities of inheritance, interdependence of signs, features of formation of the constitution of sheep of sur and their communication with growth, development, viability and efficiency of animals were conducted at various options of pairing.
In the course of researches features of manifestation of severity, their equality on the areas of a skin, a big fertility and other productive indicators at a different feeding level of a uterus were revealed.
As allowed to develop the methods of creation of highly effective methods of selection and practical schemes of selection allowing to improve existing and to create new highly productive groups of animals, to increase production of export-oriented production and to reach increase of profitability of branch in the necessary volume.
CONCLUSIONS
Results the carried out researches and supervision allow drawing below-mentioned conclusions:
1. In conditions sandy pastures of the desert Kyzyl-Kum astrakhan sheep of coloring cyp differ among themselves and these economic and biological features hereditary are proved and are put in the embryonic period and shown at the subsequent stages of development as constitutional distinctions on which it is possible to allocate them for three groups - gentle, strong, rough
2. Sheep sur different constitutions authentically differ among themselves on development of such signs as live weight, an exterior, an internal, frame, an integument viability, a reproduction, fertility and on such productive properties, as a pregnant, a wool and a fleshiness.
3. In considered population the most part of the animal were allocated as strong type of 52,77-53,82 percent and approximately in equal quantity was animals gentle (24,7-25,86 %) and rough types (20,31-21,8 %). Comparison of these figures with indicators indicates 50-60 summer prescription decrease in quantity of sheep of strong type for 20-25 percent that is there were constitution changes aside gentle and pasteurization
4. It is established that the type of the constitution of newborn lambs correlates with such astrakhan qualities as the skin area, thickness of an inner side, length and width of curls, lengths of a scalp, a picturesque, an long hair an curly hair that points to use possibility such as the constitution of lambs as one of complex signs at their selection 
5. The constitutional distinctions noted at the birth remain and in an adult condition in features of development of frame, a skin and wool cover; a wool cover of adult sheep of strong type as on length the mower, настригам, and to morphological structure and tannin of separate types of fibers occupies average situation between hair of sheep gentle (low indicators) and rough (high indicators) types and it can form the basis to reference of sheep to this or that type of the constitution and carry out on this basis the corresponding selection and breeding work.
6. Studying of heritability of selection signs at the lambs received from a uterus of different types of the constitution showed higher hereditary consolidation of animals of strong constitutional type in comparison with sheep of gentle and rough types; they on all considered signs transfer to descendants the qualities more steadily and it should be considered in selection process with animals of this coloring
7. Studying of extent of correlation communications between selection signs of descendants and mothers taking into account their constitutional types showed that the curl (astrakhan) type of mothers depending on type of the constitution influences manifestation at descendants of curl type within 0,27-0,44, lengths of a curl 0,31-0,48, lengths of a hair 0,41-0,51, density of curls 0,32-0,53, width of a curl 0,3-0,62, drawing of an arrangement of curls 0,35-0,47, expressiveness of coloring cyp 0,34-0,39 and coloring equation sur 0,3-0,45 shares of unit; the length of a curl has stronger correlation factor with density (r=0,53), drawing of an arrangement of curls ( r=0,55-0,63), and existence with curl type (0,44-0,51), density and drawing of an arrangement of curls indicates enough high factors of correlation of length of a hair success of selection on this sign for improvement of the called correlated signs, similar distinctions are established in the analysis of level of effect of selection on constitution types.
8. Studying of influence of a feeding level of a pregnant uterus on manifestation of constitutional and productive features of an issue showed that it is necessary to create stable conditions of feeding and the maintenance of a uterus, to carry out a lambing to short time and earlier periods; it will promote consolidate manifestation of genetic features of animals.
9. On economic efficiency of cultivation of sheep of coloring cyp the type of the constitution of the animals affects also, the greatest profitability of production provide cultivation of sheep of strong type of the constitution (42,9 %), sheep of the gentle constitution (23,3 %) give the smallest effect, on production efficiency of production of a sheep of the rough constitution (38,1 %) come nearer to animals of strong type, but owing to lower quality indicators they concede of.
10. At cultivation of sheep of coloring cyp in the ex-we sandy conditions of sandy pastures, the most perspective and desirable in selection are animals of the strong constitution; their cultivation can promote the most optimum combination of conditions of the contents and manifestation of genetically reasonable hereditary qualities.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Up to 30 percent of the drugs used in modern world medicine are based on natural compounds, including polyphenolic compounds. Polyphenolic compounds possess properties as to lower cholesterol in the human organism, strengthen cardiovascular system, enhance immunity, antibacterial, anti-hypoxic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor etc. Thanks to the easy digestibility of the body, the lack of side effects, they are used in the treatment of diseases. Due to their easy digestibility in a human organism and lack of side effects, they are used in a treatment of several diseases.
As a result of widespread throughout the world, threatening all of humanity infections such as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and influenza infections increases the likelihood of disease the majority of the world population of these diseases. In recent years, the antiviral activity of tannins revealed, particularly the ability of these compounds to induce interferon, showing an effective inhibitory effect on the multiplication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1, HIV-1). As a result of screening of compounds isolated from plants Annacardeaceae, Geraniaceae, Malvaceae, Punicaceae and Euphorbiacea growing in the Central Asia, have been identified polyphenols with a high antiviral activity, including composition which can inhibit HIV-1 replication more than 80%, in a concentration of 10 pg/ml. All medical products applied in a modern medicine for treating viral diseases are medicines of synthetic nature, and have some side effects. This shows the urgency and relevance of creating drugs based on natural compounds. To solve this problem it is necessary to search for new promising sources of polyphenols, isolation and determination their chemical structures, revealing their biological activity.
The research of this dissertation contribute to perform a certain tasks and objectives in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan №39 against HIV infection in September 23, 2013 and Resolution №255 in September 10, 2014 State anti-HIV Programme for 2014-2016 yy. adopted by the Cabinet of Minister.
Purpose of the research. Creation of effective antiviral drugs based on polyphenols from local plants.
Scientific novelty of the research study is as follows:
For the first time studied polyphenols 29 species of the Euphorbia plants family. From those plants were isolated more than 70 compounds the structures of which is determined by using modern physical and chemical methods. Among the isolated compounds, 8 compounds were found as new compounds not previously dated in the literature. Determined, they are diester of hexahydroxydiphenoyl-6-(O- 0-D-glucopyranosido)-2-(O-1 -O-trigalloyl-0-D-glucopyranose), 1 -O-galloyl-2,4-valoneoyl-3,6- hexahydroxydiphenoyl -0-D-glucose, 3-O-galloyl-l,2-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 2-O-galloyl-4,6-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 1,2-di-O-galloyl -4,6-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 1,2-di-O-galloyl -3,6-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 1-0-bisgalloyl-2,4-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 1, 3 -dihydrodigalloyl-4- valoneat- 0 -D-glucose.
The studies of biological properties of isolated compounds have shown their antiradical, antioxidant and antiviral activities. It is shown that the new compounds form Euphorbia plants l-O-galloyl-2,4-valoneoyl-3,6- hexahydroxydiphenoyl-0-D-glucose, 3-0-galloyl-1,2-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 2-O-galloyl-4,6-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 1,2-di-O-galloyl -4,6-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose are highly active and effective inhibitory effect on HIV infection.
Developed Normative analytical documentations (hereinafter NAD) for the medicines Rutan, Gossitan, Punitan, Euphorbin and for their drug forms.
Conclusion
1. For the first time 29 plants belonging to the family Euohorbiaceae were studied for content of polyphenols. More than 70 phenolic compounds were isolated from them. It was revealed that the polyphenols mainly are localized in the roots of plants, and presented as flavonols, phenolic acids and tannins.
2. The structures of isolated compounds were determined by using the physical and chemical methods. 8 of them were found as new compounds, formerly not described in the literature, such as: diester of hexahydroxydiphenoyl-6-(O- p-D-glucopyranosido)-2-(O-1 -O-trigalloyl-P-D-glucopyranose), 1 -O-galloyl-2,4-valoneoyl-3,6- hexahydroxydiphenoyl -P-D-glucose, 3-O-galloyl-l,2-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose, 2-O-galloyl-4,6-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose, 1,2-di-O-galloyl -4,6-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose, 1,2-di-O-galloyl -3,6-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose, 1-0-bisgalloyl-2,4-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose, 1, 3 -dihydrodigalloyl-4- valoneat- p -D-glucose.
3. Isolated compounds possessed a high antioxidant and anti-radical activities and at the same time do not cause destruction of biological membranes. It is revealed that the antioxidant activity of isolated compounds depends on the number of hydroxyl groups in the molecule, of their locational position, and the degree of saturation and galloyl groups in ring C.
4. New compounds isolated from plants of Euphorbia obtain antiviral activity. It was revealed that l-O-galloyl-2,4-valoneoyl-3,6-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-P-D-glucose, 3-O-galloyl-1,2-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose, 2-0-galloyl-4,6-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 1,2-di-O-galloyl -4,6-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose have an effective inhibitory effect on HIV infection due to their high antiviral activity comparing with other compounds. As a result of studying a mechanism of action of these compounds with viruses, revealed that the antiviral activity of the first compound blocked integrating process of the viruse, and the other compounds inhibits the contact between viruses and target cell.
5. In accordance with the requirements of the SPh XI (State Pharmacopoeia) the physical and chemical parameters of Rutan, Gossitan, Getasana, Punitan, Euphorbin were studied and selected standard samples and drug forms of them. The total pre-clinical pharmaco-toxicological researches were run. On the basis of obtained data developed the projects of Temporary Pharmocopeial Articles for the substance, standard samples and drug forms of medicines: Rutan 0.025, Gossitan 0.025, Getasan 0.01, Punitan 0.01, Euphorbin 0.025.
6. The permission of HDDMEQC was obtained to run the clinical trials for Rutan, Gossitan, and Getasan.
7. The clinical tests of the Rutan were successfully completed and approved for using in a clinical practice. Permission (Certificate) from HDDMEQC for using the standard sample, substance and drug form of Rutan in a medical practice was obtained. The HDDMEQC approved (registered) Temporary Pharmocopeial Articles on the substance, standard sample, drug form and instruction for usage of Rutan. The registration certificate for the medical product was received. At the current time, medicines Gossitan and Getasan are in a clinical-testing stage.
8. The patents of the Republic of Uzbekistan were received for Rutan and Gossitan as anti-flu drugs, for Getasan and Punitan as drugs with anti-HIV action.

Тадқиқот объектлари: Суғориладиган типик бўз ва шўрланган тупроқлар, илдизда яшовчи бактериялар, илдиз касаллигини қўзғатувчи Fusarium, ғўза, буғдой, нўхат, бодринг ва помидор ўсимликлари.
Ишнинг мақсади: Ўсимликларни ўсишини тезлаштирувчи, ноқулай шароитларга чидамлигини оширувчи ва илдиз чириш касаллигидан химоя қилувчи ризосфера бактерияларни ажратиб олиш, уларни хусусиятларини ва таъсир этиш механизмларини ўрганиш асосида янги технология яратиш ва уни амалиётга жорий этишдан иборат.
Тақиқот услуби: Тадқиқотларда замонавий микробиология, молекуляр биология, фитопатология ва ўсимликларни биологик ҳимоя қилиш усуллари тўлиқ келтирилган. Хусусан: ўсимликларни илдизида фаол колонияланадиган бактерияларни ажратиш учун Валидов ва бошкаларни (2006) усулларидан фойдаланилган. Бактериял ўғитлар ёрдамида ўсимлик ўсишини тезлаштириш, шўрланишга чидамлигини ошириш ва илдиз чириш касаллигини биологик назорат қилиш фаолиятлари лаборатория, иссикхона ва дала шароитларида ўрганиб чиқилган.
Олинган натижалар ва уларнинг янгнлиги: Илмий изланишлар натижасида турли қишлок хўжалик экинлари илдизидаги бактериялар бир-биридан фарк қилиши ва уларни хилма-хиллиги аниқланди. Уларни ўсимликлар билан алокадаги фаоллигига биотик ва абиотик омиллар таъсир кўрсатиши кузатилди. Шўрланишга чидамли антагонист бактериялар ва Fusarium туркумига кирувчи патоген замбуруглар коллекцияси яратилди.
Биофунгицидлар асоси бўлган, ўсимликлар ўсишини тезлаштирувчи, шўрланишга чидамлилигини оширувчи ва илдиз чириш касаллигини биологик назорат килувчи бактерияларнинг интеграциялаш механизми ёритиб берилди. Бодринг, помидор, ғўза ва буғдой ўсимликларини илдиз чириш касаллигини биологик йўл билан назорат килувчи биофунгицид асосан рақобатбардош колонизацияга асосланганлиги тасдиқланди. Республиканинг шўрланган типик бўз тупроқлари шароитида илк бор бозор иқтисодиётига мос ҳолда деҳқончилик юритишда тупроқ унумдорлиги, ўсимлик ўсишини тезлаштирувчи, илдиз чириш касаллигидан химоя килувчи ва шўрланишга чидамлигини ва ҳосилдорлиги оширишни таъминлайдиган Биофунгицидлар яратилди. Биофунгициднинг самарадорлиги ташқи муҳит омилларига, жумладан, тупрокнинг ҳолати ва ҳароратга боғлиқ эканлиги аникланди. Тупрок қанчалик органик моддаларга бой ва муҳит ўсимлик ўсиши учун кулай бўлса, Биофунгициднинг самарадорлиги шунчалик паст бўлиши кузатилди. Биофунгицид билан ишлов берилган бодринг ва помидори ҳосилдорлиги 15-25% гача ошганлиги ва илдиз чириш касаллиги 30-40% камайганлиги кузатилди.
Амалий ахамияти: Кўп йиллик илмий тадқиқотлардан олинган натижалар асосида қишлок хўжалик экинларини хосилдорлигини ошириш ва илдиз чириш касаллигини биологик йўл билан назорат килиш максадида биофунгицидлар яратиш бўйича тавсияномалар ишлаб чикарилди ва амалиётга жорий этилди. Ўсимлик ўсишини жадаллаштирувчи биофунгицидлар яратишда, ўсимлик ризосферасида яшовчи бактериялардан фойдаланилди ва улар ўсимлик ўсишини тезлаштириш фаоллиги бўйича биофунгицид қўлланиладиган иклим, тупрок ҳолати ва тури, ўсимлик нави, ва бактериянинг ўсимлик илдиздаги озуқа учун рақобат каби омиллар ҳам ҳисобга олиниши зарурлиги тавсия килинди. Шу тартибда селекция қилинган биофунгицидларнинг саморадорлиги юқори эканлиги кузатилди. Республиканинг типик бўз, тақирсимон ва шўрланган тупроқларида етиштирилган ғўза, буғдой, бодринг ва помидори етиштиришда, ўсимлик ўсишини жадаллаштирувчи, шўрланишга чидамлилигини оширувчи ва фузариоз илдиз чириш касаллигини биологик йўл билан ҳимоя килувчи Pseudomonas турига мансуб биофунгицид яратиб жорий килинди.
Тадбиқ этиш даражаси ва иқтисодий саморадорлиги: Ўтказилган кўп йиллик илмий тадқиқотларнинг натижалари республиканинг Тошкент, Хоразм, вилоятларида 200 гектардан ортиқ майдонида жорий этилди. Энг юкори иқтисодий самарадорлик Хоразм вилояти фермер хўжаликларида кузатилди. 1 - сўм қилинган харажатга 2,5 сўм самара олинади, 1 кг бодрингни бозор нархини ўртача 600 сўм деб олинганда, 1 гектар ердан олинган қўшимча даромад 2 820 000 сўмни ташкил қилади. Шу солиштиришни помидорга қўллаганимизда 1 гектар ердан кўшимча хосилнинг ҳар кг нархи 800 сўм бўлганида 3 000 000 сўмни ташкил этади.
Қўллаш соҳаси: Республиканинг типик бўз, кам шўрланган тупроқлари шароитида ғўза, буғдой, помидори ва бодринг экинларини етиштирадиган фермер хўжаликлар.

Objects of researching:forest plants around Tashkent Reservoir.
Aim of work: on the base of studying of growing and keeping of forest crops establish assortment wood race in the zone temporary flood of reservoir and derminate of influence of forest plants to the quantity of water, coming into the reservoirs.
Methods of researching: field and laboratory.
Received results and their novelty: On the base of researches it was established first time assortment quickly growing and long-lived wooden race in zone of submerge and based principles and places of their placing in protected stripes around of reservoirs.
Practical significance: Diagram of placing of wooden race in protected stripes and massive green plantations around reservuars was given to the manufacture, agrotechnique of their making with the aim of notice of elmcnation and pollution of water with flow from agricultural fields.
Degrees of inculcation and economic effectively: During systematically and uninterruptedly reproduction protective green plantations in farm of large carea they can serve and constantly cources of raw materials of woods and economical effectively from 1 hcctar is constitute of over 950 thousand sum.
Results of researches took to the inculcation by Tashkent forest farm reservoir-protective forest plants around reservoirs and other water objects at the territory of Uzbekistan.

Subjects of research: proteins and enzymes extracted from soft wheat Triticum aevestium, cultivated in territory of Uzbekistan.
Purpose of work: definition of changes in protein-enzymes complex of wheat, during of water-thermal processing at the various temperature modes and influences structure and a parity of proteins fractions on the rcological properties of gluten and bread quality.
Methods of research: biochemical methods research of plants, high-exclusion liquid chromatography, scanning electronic microscopy, IR-spcctromctry, and methods definition parameters of baking quality: definition of index deformation of gluten.
The results obtained and their novelty: for the first time theoretical regulations about biochemical bases of wheat gluten strengthening arc presented at carrying out of water-thermal processing. Conformity influence of temperature on the rcological properties of gluten and components composition of proteins fractions is established. The opportunity of improvement of low-quality wheat without use chemical and biochemical additives is revealed. Optimum conditions carrying out of water-thermal processing promoting to strengthening of gluten and improvement of baking properties of a flour on the average on 18,11 % arc scientifically proved.
The practical value: the establishment of the biochemical bases of wheat gluten strengthening during of water-thermal processing can be used as scientific basis at the choice of optimum temperature modes on the milling plants and development of the effective technological scheme processing of wheat with the purpose production of flour with good baking quality.
Degree of embed and economic effectiveness: results of investigations arc recommended to use at milling enterprises. Realization of recommendations will promote produce flour of good baking quality that will allow improve quality of products essentially. Materials of researches can be used in educational process at studying special disciplines, accomplishment of bachelors and master’s researches.
Field of application: biochemistry, biotechnology, the milling industry.

Subjects of research: wild flora of vascular plants of Zaamin state reserve.
Purpose of work: inventcrization and creation of vascular plants conspectus of Zaamin state reserve and it’s analysis.
Methods of research: classical floristical, morphological, geographical methods of plant taxonomy.
The results obtained and their novelty: a new modem conspectus of vascular plants of Zaamin state reserve consists of 1192 species from 530 genera and 103 families. Vegetation consists of 5 dominating floroccnotypes. Investigated area belongs to Kuhistan district of Mountainous Central Asiatic province. 2 new species have been found within this area and newly described {Astragalus russanovii, Allium levichevil).
Practical value: The results will be used in creation of modem list for the Flora of Uzbekistan. Conspectus was given to scientific department of Zaamin state reserve and nowadays is used for scientific reports and protection issues. The list of flora, it’s endemic species as well rare and endangeres species can be used for lectures and practical studies on flora, taxonomy and geography of vascular plants in unviersities.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: developed recommendations were accepted by Zaamin State reserve belonging to Department of reserves, national parks and hunting areas of Major department of Forestry of Ministry of agriculture and Water resources (statement №011, by 14.10.2011) and department of biology and it’s methods of teaching of Dzhizak State Educational Institute (statement №4 by 13.10.2011).
Field of application: floristics, plant taxonomy, botanical geography and nature protection.

Subjects of research: vegetation types of Zaamin basin.
Purpose of work: to investigate phytocenological variety and areal spreading of vegetation types of Zaamin basin and to conduct a modern map of the region.
Methods of research: traditional field-routing, geobotanical and cosmic imagery methods.
The results obtained and their novelty: phytocenological variety of Zaamin basin has for the first time been investigated and 6 types, 9 subtypes, 19 cenotypes, 27 formations, 85 associations have been revealed in 4 zones. 5 associations in the basin were newly described. The map of vegetation cover of Zaamin basin in large scales (M 1:200000) and multi-level definition have been developed. 36 topological and anthropogenetic modifications and degree of decreasing have been shown by indexes (А, В, C). 516 types belonging to 249 subtypes and 61 families have been registered.
Practical value: results of these investigations can be used in planning of preparing meadow, plant and forest raw materials, reconstructing endangered plant types and protecting the genfond of the region under investigation.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity«The map of Vegetation Types of Zaamin basin» (M 1:200000) and developed recommendations were given to the Dzhizak province of the State Committee of the Nature Protection (act № 1396, 12.12.2011) and Geoinformcadastre state unitary organization of Land resources, geodesy, cartography and state cadastre of Republic of Uzbekistan (act № 2, 6.03.2012).
Field of application: phytocenology, geobotany, cartography, ecology, nature protection.

The article presents information about the research conducted in the farms ”Alpomish avlodlari”, “Baraka" of the Shurchinsky district of Surkhandarya region. The study used microbiological, biotechnological, experimental experimental methods. Cotton occupies an important place in the economy of the republic. Epiphytic bacteria contained in the plant contribute to increasing its yield. In the course of our study, data were obtained on which family these epiphytic bacteria belong to and their characteristics, as well as on the methods of growing dominant epiphytic bacteria in cotton. Finally, methods of increasing plant yield by studying the dominant species of epiphytic bacteria in cotton are described

This article provides information about fungal diseases spread on tall plants in the Denov arboretum located in the Surkhan oasis.  During the study of micromycetes of high plants of the Denov Arboretum, it was observed that fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, rust, cytosporosis, septoriosis, phylloxytosis, and morsoniosis spread in the area. 21 species of fungi causing powdery mildew disease have been identified on the higher plants of the Denova arboretum, 22 species from 16 families and 19 genera affect higher plants, 8 species of rust fungi affect 5 species of higher plants.

Oils obtained from plants undergo several chemical-technological processes until they reach a ready state. Of course, the chemicals used in this process must have quality indicators and state standards. In this research work, data on the changes in the composition of vegetable oil when chemical cleaning agents are used are provided. Currently, vegetable oil cleaning agents are studied by comparing the properties of sorbents developed by foreign countries (USA, Russia, Pakistan) with sorbents developed on the basis of local raw materials. given in the form.

Subject of research: wild flora of Southern-Western Tien-Shan, herbarium specimen.
Aim of research: Creation of conspectus of the flora of Southern-Western Tien-Shan and it’s analysis.
Methods of research: classical floristical, morphological, geographical and molecular methods in taxonomy.
The results achieved and their novelty: A new modem conspectus of Southern-Western Tien-Shan flora (Uzbekistan territory) was created consisting of 2056 species of vascular plants belonging to 647 genera and 104 families with it’s analysis. 1 new monotypic genus and 6 new species have been collected and newly described. 47 species were newly recorded for the flora of Uzbekistan and 1 species for Central Asia. A new floristical lists of each mountainous range have been created. 10% of endemic plants is characterizing this flora. New data on quantity and dispersion of rare plants became a base for modem indication according IUCN categories. For the first time in Central Asia database of such large natural flora was created.
Practical value: the results of these investigations will be used in creation of the Flora of Uzbekistan. The database will be used by students in the universities on floristics and taxonomy. A new e-atlas of the rare plants of Tashkent district was created. A new list of Chatkal reserve and Ugam-Chatkal national park floras have been worked out. 30 species were revised for the 4d edition of The Red Data Book of Uzbekistan (2010).
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Collected herbarium specimens including type ones were given to Central Herbarium of Uzbekistan and Chatkal reserve. Lists of flora of protected areas was given to Chatkal reserve. Database on DVD-discs was given to several universities and e-atlas of rare plants of Tashkent district was given to Tashkent office of the Committee of Nature Protection.
Field of application: Floristic, taxonomy, geobotany, nature protection and biodiversity.

In this article, it was given scientific data on the influence of the main agrotechnological factors of plant science on the grain quality indicators of the new local, high-yield grain sorghum of the "Massino" variety. It has been determined that the optimal sowing date for the cultivation of seeds and commercial grain is the second decades of April, the seed rate is 5.0 kg/ha, and the number of seedlings thickness is 90-100 thousand plants per hectare. As well as, decreasing of  the tendency of yield and its quality  when planting in late dates has been determined.

Topicality and relevance of the theme of the dissertation. Now biodiversity conservation, inventory of biological objects, study of rare and endangered species arc of great importance all over the world. Vascular plants arc one of the most widespread on the globe and the most convenient object of botanical researches. “More than 340 thousand species of plants have been recorded in the world flora. 280 thousand of them arc flowering, and only 30% arc processed systematically and there arc data on the state of natural populations. At the same time, it should be noted that the floristics as a science is of great importance for the assessment of transformations of landscapes under the influence of anthropogenic and natural factors, and has a huge array of primary information for further analysis”1.
In Uzbekistan, determination of the composition of natural flora on the basis of modern research methods, assessment of the vegetation state, conservation and sustainable usage occupy a special place among the priority areas for biodiversity conservation. At this stage of intensive development of floristic studies and accumulation of a large array of new data, implementation of the system of research in order to preserve biodiversity is of great important. In connection with this, it is important to improve and conduct floristic studies in areas of high anthropogenic disturbances.
Kyzylkum and its relic mountains differ with the originality of floral composition as well as the presence of rare and endemic plant species. According to this, it is actual to preserve the flora of the territory. It must be emphasized that the study of the flora of the relic mountains located in the south-eastern part of the Kyzylkum (Pistalitau, Khanbandytag, Egarbclistag, Balyklitau and Kokchatau) is becoming increasingly important in understanding the flora of relic mountains throughout Central Asia, and in making borders of botanical and geographical areas between Turan and Central Asian Mountain provinces. Comparative analysis of the remnants of Kyzylkum, botanical and geographical regionalization, network mapping of distribution of the species, creation of electronic flora, preparation of electronic maps based on geographic information systems arc actual scientific problems.
This disscrtational research to a certain degree serves for the fulfilment of the tasks stipulated in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No.409 “On the protection and use of flora” of 21 September 2016, the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No.343 “On approval of the regulations on the order of running the state cadastre of flora of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the regulations on the order of running the state cadastre of fauna of the Republic of Uzbekistan” of 5 September 2000, and the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 142 “On the program of actions on environmental protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2013-2017” of 27 May 2013, as well as other normative and legal acts adopted in this area.
The aim of the research is producing the summary of flora of the relic mountains of Southeast Kyzylkum and substantiating the independent botanical and geographical area in Central Asian Mountain province.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
The summary of the flora of Southeast Kyzylkum relic mountains was produced, which contains 781 species, 355 genera and 69 families, of them 412 species arc indicated for the first time for the investigated area;
There was established a taxonomic composition and distribution of species by types of natural habitat; distinctive features of the flora of Southeast Kyzylkum relic mountains from other relics were shown on the basis of a comparative analysis of leading families and vegetation covers;
Botanical and geographical characteristics of Southeast Kyzylkum relic mountains were presented; mountain origins of the flora were proven; independent location of Nurata mountainside botanical-geographical area as part of Nurata district was characterized;
The state cadastre of vascular plants, rare, endangered and endemic species was made;
The electronic database of flora and GIS maps showing the distribution of species was built.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the conducted studies on the theme of the doctoral dissertation “Flora of South-east Kyzylkum relic mountains” the following conclusions are presented:
1. The flora of vascular plants of Southeast Kyzylkum relic mountains has 781 species belonging to 355 genera and 69 families. Of these, 412 species of flowering plants arc adduced for the first time for the area.
2. The features of the flora of Southeast Kyzylkum relic mountains arc determined by the cross formation of two - Central Asian and Turan desert floras.
3. The spectrum of leading families and genera characterizes the flora as typical to arid regions of Southern Highlands of Central Asia. This is confirmed by a high ranking of such genera as Astragalus, Cousinia, Allium, Gagea, Ferula, Tulipa and others.
4. The botanical and geographical analysis confirms the florigcnetic unity of the flora of Southeast Kyzylkum relic mountains with floras of Ancient Mediterranean. The spectrum of the habitats of leading classes corresponds to the Central Asian Mountain floras. The results of geographic analysis suggest that the studied area belongs to Nurata district of Central Asian Mountain province.
5. According to the peculiarities of the floristic composition and vegetation cover, Nurata mountainside botanical and geographical area was identified as part of Nurata district of Central Asian Mountain province.
6. The results of biomorphological analysis showed a high position of annuals in the flora of Southeast Kyzylkum relic mountains. Unlike the mountain floras of Central Asia, they occupy a leading position surpassing even the perennials (hemicryptophytes). However, unlike typical desert floras of Turan, in the flora of Southeast Kyzylkum relic mountains we noticed concentrated annuals, mainly in such families as Ranunculaceae, Polygonaceae, Lamiaceae and others.
7. The comparative floristic analysis carried out on the basis of the similarities and differences in the major taxonomic groups (Fabaceae, Astragalus, Lamiaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Liliaceae, etc.) confirmed the originality of the floral composition differing from Central and Southwest Kyzylkum relic mountains.
8. Unlike other relic mountains, a high-altitude zone is expressed in the flora of Southwest Kyzylkum relic mountains, which is similar to the character of the lower belt of the range of Nuratau and other ranges of the Northwest Pamir-Alai.
9. The modern state of the vegetation of Southeast Kyzylkum relic mountains is the derivative of mountain floriccnotypes with a notable predominance of native and ruderal curybiontic species. There is a high phytoccnotic activity of some Pamir-Alai elements in the composition of Phlomis, Phlomoides, Perovskia, Hypogomphia, Crambe, Allium and other genera.
10. Two endemic species were identified in the flora of Southeast Kyzylkum relic mountains - Ferula helenae Rakhm. et Mclibacv, Iris hippolyti (Vvcd.) Kamclin, and they were included in the latest edition of the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Modem fieldwork allowed to enrich the existing conception with new scientific evidences on the state of population, number and distribution of these species.
11. On the basis of the obtained data and analysis of existing material, an electronic database was developed with GIS maps of species distribution, which has no analogues among the arid mountains of Central Asia.

The aim of the research work includes complete inventory of the flora of Baysun phyto-gcographic region, determination its botanical and geographical borders as of independent region in the South-West Gissar district of the Central Asian Mountain province.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
for the first time, contemporary checklist of the flora for the Baysun botanical and geographical region was compiled, including 1564 species, 524 genera and 89 families;
three new species for science were described (Jurinea tschernevae Tojibaev & Turginov, Iris khassanovii Tojibaev & Turginov, Allium decoratum Turginov & Tojibaev) and for the first time 16 new records for the flora of Uzbekistan and 15 new records for the flora of the Gissar range were given;
it was determinate of botanical-geographical border of the research area;
new populations of rare and endemic species were found, such as Dionysia hissarica Lipsky, Allium majus Vved., Ferula tuberifera Korovin, Ungernia victoris Vved., Sternbergia fischeriana (Herb.) M.Rocm., Dimorphosciadium gayoides (Rcgcl & Schmalh.) Pimenov, Astragalus tupalangi Gontsch.;
for the first time, an electronic database reflecting the current taxonomic content of the flora of the Baisun botanical and geographical region and GIS maps of species distribution were developed.

The aim of the research work includes making up the conspectus of the flora of the Bukhara oasis and determination of the content of the adventive species.
The object of the research is the flora of vascular plants of the Bukhara oasis.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
for the first time, modem structure of the flora of the Bukhara oasis was determined, the conspectus of plants including 528 species, 294 genera and 59 families was made; for the first time, the structure of the adventive fraction of the flora was determined in our country and it was given that the flora of the Bukhara oasis consists 89 species, 67 genera and 21 families; five new species were described (Amaranthus viridis L., Duchesnea indica (Andreews) Focke., Eclipta prostrata (L.)L., Erigeron bonariensis L., Symphyotrichum graminifoliuni (Spreng.) G.L.Nesom.) for the first time for the flora of Uzbekistan and 39 species were given for the research area; it was proved that the contemporary flora of the Bukhara oasis was formed in the anthropogenically changed environment and the number of the species which were not native was being increased; difference in the taxonomic structure of aborigine and adventive fractions was proved in the comparative analysis; new populations of rare and endemic species were found and GIS maps were developed; an electronic database of the flora of the Bukhara oasis and GIS maps of species distribution were made.
Implementation of the research results. On the basis of the scientific results from the research of the flora of the Bukhara oasis:
electronic database, maps of species distribution, conspectus of the flora, the plants included in the Red Data Book were introduced into the protection of the environment (certificate 03-01/12-3632 of the Committee of Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated by September 6, 2017).
The scientific results made it possible to develop the activities aimed at identifying populations of invasive species, determination and protection of rare, endemic plants, maintaining cadaster processes;
collected 841 herbarium samples belonged to 528 genera mainly, 9 species which arc rare and endemic for the region, and samples of five new plant species were given to the “Unique Object” - Central Herbarium (TASH), which is considered leader in the number of herbarium samples in Central Asia (certificate 6/1256 of 6 September, 2017 of the Academy of Science of the Republic of Uzbekistan). The samples availed the enrichment of the fund of the Central herbarium, determination of the adventive species, as well as formation of an electronic database of the flora of Uzbekistan - FLORUZ (www.floruz.uz).
Structure and volume of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of introduction, five chapters, conclusion, list of used literature and appendixes. The volume of the thesis is 101 pages.

The aim of research work is isolation of the flavonoids from plants Scutellaria haematochlora Juz., Scutellaria immaculata Nevski & Juz., Scutellaria nepetoides Popov, Scutellaria ocellata Juz., determining of their chemical structures and pharmacological properties.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
It is isolated 28 flavonoids from the plants S. ocellata Juz., S. immaculata Nevski & Juz., S. haematochlora Juz., 5. nepetoides Popov: 15 glycosides and 13 aglycons;
It is determined that 25 substances from the isolated substances belong to the flavones, 2 of them to flavanones and one is to flavonols;
It is established that chemical structure of three new flavonglicosides (nepetoside A, immaculoside and wogonin-7-O-p-D-glucopyranoside);
It is provided the X-ray crystallographic analysis of the crystals and was determined the formation of crystallohydrate of wogonimwater in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1.37.

The aim of the research work. The aim of the study is to improve the chemical control measures against moniliosis on the basis of the study of the spread of the disease in pome fruit gardens, its harmfulness, disease resistant varieties and bio ecological features of fungi causing the disease.
Scientific novelety of the research work:
in the first in the Uzbekistan was defined distribution and injuriousness of a disease monilioses in traditional and intensive;
the patogen of the moniliosis from the struck parts of trees was isolated in pure culture, systematization, bioecological features and pathogenicity was defined;
resistant varieties for moniliosis have been identifed;
proved the effectives of the applications of various concentrations of fungicides in laboratory and field experiments, proved their advantages together with phytosanitary measures;
a recommendation for farms on the use of highly effective chemical preprints.

The aim of the research work is the determination of the ontogeny of species of the genus Crocus L. and the development of cultivation methods.
The novelty of the research is as follows:
for the first time periods of ontogenesis, features of growth and development of species of the genus Crocus L. under the conditions of Tashkent and Fergana;
the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of species of the genus Crocus L. arc revealed;
potential and real seed productivity of C. alatavicus, C. korolkovii was revealed in different conditions;
the productivity of raw materials of aboveground and underground parts of C. sativus is determined.
the phytochcmical composition of the aerial parts of the species of the genus Crocus L. is grounded;
methods of reproduction and cultivation of plants under different conditions have been developed.

The aim of the research work is studying the population of whiteflys in agrobiocenosis, the spread and formation of interaction of whitefly with host-entomophages, and the development of a set of measures to struggle with migratory species.
Scientific novelty of the research w ork is:
in the first were determined the differences of the whitefly (Trialeurodes yaporariorum Westw, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius,) on biological features, plant species and populations;
the biological features of effective species of predatory and parasites of the entomophages for whiteflys are determined;
the interactions of the host-entomophages, the regularities of the change in the density of their population under the interaction of external factors in biocinosis are substantiated.
in the our republic under controlling the number of whiteflys are introduced by the mites Amblyseius swirskii Ath., created breeding methods and determined the biological efficacy against the whiteflys;
the biological parameters of regulation of their quantity have been determined and the level of resistance to whitefly pesticides has been proved.

The aim of the research work is composed to identify the biomorphological features and to base reproductive strategy of the species of the Iridaceae family of the flora of Uzbekistan under natural conditions and the introduction on purpose of develop methods for their rcintroduction.
The novelty of the research is as follows: it was specified, that the species Juno is characterized by frondoz, Iris, Gladiolus italicus, Moraea sisyrinchium group sorts arc characterized by braktcoz inflorescences; firstly shown, that the generative plant type Juno, Gladiolus italicus and Moraea sisyrinchium have a constant number riding sheet, not hanging from vitality; it was specified that, learned types intrinsic to the following phenoritmo types: spring greening: winter greening with the summer rest, winter greening with the compulsory the summer rest and winter greening without summer rest; with increasing the viability of plants was proven the appearing changes on the generative and vegetative fields; Juno types arc characterized generative strategy GL-typc, and specified the place on the ecological coordination; on the example of Juno species to confirm with according to ecological factors at the natural and introduction condition, and quickness of the appearing changes with step by step as sample of acclimatization.

The aim of the research work revealing list of medicinal and melliferous plants, Definition of efficiency of the basic trade thickets and development of scientific bases of sustainable management of herbs in Karakalpakstan Republic.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows: The lists of the medicinal flora of Karakalpakstan consisting of 444 species belonging to 240 genera, 63 families, melliferous plants, composed of 207 species belonging to 125 genera, 42 families, were compiled and analyzed for the first time; Botanical-geographical analyses and vital forms of each species were done. Regularity of distribution of herbs and different ecological conditions and their role in vegetative communities is revealed; Collected data about medicinal plants, which are using in folk medicine; It is established that 261 species of plants are used for gastrointestinal diseases, 171 for parasitic diseases, and 151 for diseases of the cardiovascular system; It is established that 46% of medicinal plants have identical application in scientific and folk medicine in the territory of the CIS countries and East Asia.
Areas of distribution and a place of trade thickets of 8 species of medicinal herbs and for 5 melliferous plants have been determined.

The aim: determination of the structural, adaptive features and localization of secretory ducts of species of the genus Ferula in connection with life form and ecological conditions.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
the structural and comparative characteristics of the vegetative and generative organs of monocarpic and polycarpic species of the genus Ferula in connection with the life form and habitat were first compiled;
specific features of the structure of the flower species of the genus Ferula and localization of secretory ducts in them are revealed;
the independence of the species F. helenae and F. dshizakensis on the basis of leaf and fruit structure were proved;
the structure and localization of secretory ducts in the vegetative and generative organs of species of the genus Ferula were first determined;
the content of resinous substances in the organs of Ferula species is established in connection with the life form, number and size of secretory ducts;
on the structure of vegetative and generative organs, the adaptive level of species of the genus Ferula is determined in connection with the ecological conditions of habitat;
the ontogeny of Ferula kyzylkumica was revealed in the conditions of the Botanical Garden and the prospects of reintroduction of the species were estimated.

The aim of the research work includes the complete inventory of the flora of the Malguzar ridge and determination of its phytogeographical position as an independent region of the Kuhistan district of the Central Asian Mountain province.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows: for the first time, the actual checklist of the flora of the the Malguzar ridge has been compiled, it includes 1255 species of 465 genera and 84 families; Two new records for the flora of Uzbekistan, two new records for the flora of Pamir-Alay have been found, and 56 new findings have been detected for the flora of the Malguzar ridge; in the flora, life forms of species which are belonging to Classes of the Mountainous Central Asia and also Ancient Mediterranean Areas and hemicryptophytes have been detemined; it was proved that is the role as independent phytogeographical region in the flora of Kuhistan district of Mountainous Central Asia province of Malguzar ridge and also the borders between the Kuhistan and Nuratau districts has been detemined; locations of 24 rare and endemic species were found and maps that reflects their distribution were created using GIS;

The aim of the research work is the development of production technologies for the substances of preparations Flanorin, Lemarine with hepatoprotective and choleretic action, Cinaroside with hypoazotemic action, improvement of the production technology of the substance of the antiprostatic preparation Ferulen, and the development of feed additives for use in poultry farming.
The scientific novelty of the work is as follows:
a method of sequential extraction of raw materials with water to remove basic impurities and alcohol as a selective extractant for the extraction of flavonoids from the roots of Pseudosophora alopecuroides, which allows obtaining an extract saturated with flavonoids;
the possibility of fractionation of the target products in the liquid-liquid extraction system by changing the polarity of the solvent has been proved and removing green color from a water-alcohol extract was developed;
an industrial technology of obtaining the substance of Lemarin on the basis of the flavonoids of the roots of Ammothamnus Lehmannii was developed;
the optimal conditions for purification the extract from the aerial part of Ferula varia and crystallization of the Cinaroside substance, providing a stable product with its high yield;
the conditions for chromatographic purification of esters of sesquiterpene alcohols on silica gel and drying with addition of filler which ensure the production of ferulene substance with a simplified technology are established;
on the basis of esters of sesquiterpenoid alcohols from the roots of Ferula tenuisecta «Pano-25», «Panoroot- 50» and «Panoroot-98» feed additives for increasing of chickens egg-laying were developed.