All articles - Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology

Surunkali yiringli o'rta otit inson hayotini birinchi o'n
yilligida shifokor tomonidan albatta nazorat qilinib
turilishi kerak bo'lgan va eng ko’p tarqalgan kasalliklar
qatoriga kiritiladi; o'tkir o'rta otitda yallig'lanish jarayoni
uzluksiz 12 hafta davomida to'xtamay davom etsa
surunkali o'rta otit deb atala boshlaydi va buning asosiy
shakllari sifatida serozli o'rta otit, sekretorli o'rta otit,
«glue» quloq va yiringli o'rta otitlar ajratiladi [66].
SYO'Oning kechishi aksariyat alomatlarsiz ham bo'lishi
mumkin yoki eshituvni pasayishi, diskomfort. bosh
aylanishi yoki muvozanatning buzilishi va shu kabi
belgilar bilan davom etadi [60]. Xastalikning qaytalanishi
va kuchayishi yilning barcha fasllarida kuzatiladi. ammo
ko'proq kasallanish darajasining ortishini kuz va qish
oylariga to’g'ri kelishi (respirator a'zolar infekciyalari
payti) tadqiqotchilar tomonidan ko'rsatiladi

The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of the results of electrophysiological and electroacoustic methods for studying hearing in patients with Meniere's disease during an attack and between attacks. A total of 47 patients with a reliable or confirmed diagnosis of Meniere's disease were under observation, which constituted the main group. The results of the study showed that TEOAE was not recorded in the period between attacks in 89,4%, PIOAE - in 76%, while this indicator during an attack of BM was 100% and 89,4%.

The article presents a comparative analysis of the results of otoplasty. The proposed modifications made it possible to reduce the incidence of complications from 35.9% to 8.8% and the need for additional stages of reconstruction from 28.2% to 5.3%, to reduce the number of stages of surgery from 2.9±0.18 to 2.1±0.03 and, accordingly, the total rehabilitation period from 6.0±0.4 to 3.8±0.1 months, while the proportion of long-term excellent and good results increased from 62.5% to 83.3%.

This work is to study the effectiveness of topical glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of adenoid vegetations in preschool children. The study included 50 children (mean age 4.25 ± 0.24 years) with adenoid vegetations. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 25 children (mean age 4.0 ± 0.22 years) who received irrigation therapy with fluticasone furoate, 1 injection of 55 μg into each half of the nose once a day for at least 1 month. Group 2 - 25 children (average age 4.5 ± 0.5 years), who were prescribed irrigation therapy with saline solution, 3-5 ml in each half of the nose 3 times a day for at least 1 month. Intranasal use in patients with adenoid vegetations of fluticasone furoate for a month led to a decrease in the size of the hypertrophied pharyngeal tonsil and an improvement in nasal breathing, thereby improving the quality of life of a sick child.

When analyzing the face TRG of the head of 30 adolescents, with a normal bite and without pathology of the ENT organs, in 97% of cases, a statistically reliable connection was revealed between the lines connecting anthropometric points, as well as between the values of the angles formed by the intersection of these lines. The angle (<N) is the apex of all four triangles, with different values typical for each triangle, but in triangles ∆N D1 D, ∆N d1 d, ∆N E e, normally the value of this angle is the same and is equal to 24 ± 1°. A decrease in this angle by more than 2° in adolescents meant a narrowing of the upper jaw and nasal cavity. Comparison of the results of measuring the areas of two triangles, ∆N E E and ∆N d d, obtained as a result of using the above formula with the results of determining the frontally tele-X-ray projection true area of the nasal cavity, calculated using a palette, confirmed the existence of proportionality between the indicators obtained by these two methods 9:10:19. Findings. The TRG tests used by us can be useful for operating physicians in terms of the choice of therapeutic tactics for rhinochondroosteoplastic operations, as well as for orthodontic correction in patients with a narrowing of the upper jaw

The aim of this research is to study child population morbidity in Azerbaijan by results of obligatory medical examinations for 2014-2019yy. In recent years, Azerbaijan has made progress in improving the quality of medical services. In order to improve the health status of the child population and provide it with high-quality medical care, the Law “On compulsory clinical examination of children” was approved in 2013. In pursuance of this law, the material and technical base of children's outpatient clinics providing medical services to children has been strengthened, their provision of medicines and medical equipment has been improved, preventive medical examinations are carried out, the quality of clinical observations and new forms of medical and rehabilitation measures are worked out. Despite this, it is necessary to understand the feasibility of an integrated, systematic approach to the implementation of tasks to preserve, strengthen and improve the health status of the child population based on the study of child health indicators, the most important of which is morbidity.

Currently, the most effective method of treating chronic purulent middle otitis is tympanoplasty surgery. In our clinic, the introduction of laser radiation into the vein is used to improve the effectiveness of tympanoplasty. With the help of the method of irradiation of blood in the vein to the reparative processes of blood in the postoperative area, the increase in microcirculation of the mucous membrane under the influence of laser irradiation of blood was studied.

Изучить особенности и частоту нарушений слуха у детей при инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваниях нервной системы.

Выявить какой-либо сопутствующей потери слуха у здоровых детей дошкольного возраста с задержкой речи.

Среди пациентов с ЛОР-патологией, обращающихся за медицинской помощью в клинику, 5,7-7% страдают ХГСО. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) 2013 года, более 5% населения мира (360 миллионов человек) страдают той или иной степенью тугоухости, потеря слуха в лучше слышащем ухе, превышающая 40 дБ у взрослых людей и 30 дБ у детей. Среди людей, имевшие нарушения слуха патологией ХГСО, страдают от 1 до 46% человек. Согласно прогнозам экспертов ВОЗ к 2020 году увеличивается число людей с нарушениями слуха на 30%.

Hozirgi vaqtda tibbiyotning sezilarli darajada rivojlanganligiga qaramay kattalar va bolalar o’rtasida surunkali yiringli o’rta otit kasalligi juda ko’p uchraydi. Bu o’z navbatida bemorlarda eshitish qobiliyatini pasayishiga yoki butunlay yo’qolishiga, og’ir holatlarda esa bosh miya , ko’z asoratlarining rivojlanishiga olib kelmoqda. Bu esa kasallikni kelib chiqish mexanizmini va bunga sabab bo’luvchi omillarni o’rganish va uni oldini olishga qaratilgan chora tadbirlarni ishlab chiqish, bemorlar orasida nogironlik darajasini kamayishiga olib keladi.

Оценка качества жизни у пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями среднего уха относятся к малоизученным среди ЛОР патологии.

Причины нарушения слуха у ребенка могут быть врожденными или приобретенными, возможны и сочетания различных факторов. Устойчивые снижения слуха приводят к критическим нарушениям психоречевого развития, вплоть до полного отсутствия речи с нарушениями интеллекта. Распространенными причинами потери слуха являются генетические дефекты у новорожденных, ушные инфекции и серная пробка у детей. Генетической предрасположенностью вызваны около 40% случаев тугоухости у детей. Если в семье были слабослышащие люди, есть вероятность того, что заболевание передастся на уровне генов.Ослабленные болезнью малыши чаще других страдают от порока развития уха или слухового нерва. Поэтому здоровью детей, которые родились недоношенными или с маленьким весом, либо переболели желтухой в раннем возрасте, нужно уделить пристальное внимание.

Овоз ўзгаришларини ташхислаш ва даволаш хозирги вақтдаги оториноларингология сохаси долзарб муоммолардан бири хисобланади. Кўпинча хиқилдоқ касалликлари овознинг бузилиши яни дисфония билан намоён бўлади. Овоз ўзгаришлари нафақат инсонлар ўртасидаги муносабатларга тасир қилибгина қолмай балки касбий фаолиятида хам қийинчиликлар туғдиради. Бу айниқса иш фаолияти ўқтувчилар, санаткорлар яни қўшиқчилар ва бошқа фаолияти овоз билан боғлиқ шахсларда қийинчилик туғдиради. Дисфонияни келиб чиқишига қараб функционал ва органик турларга бўлинида. Функционал дифонияда фақатгина овоз бойламларининг иши бузилади, органик дифонияда овоз бойламларида органик ўзгаришлар кузатилади, яни хар хил турдаги хосилалар аниқланади, мисол тариқасида овоз бойламлари полипи, кистаси, тугунчаси ва бошқалар. Дисфония ривожланганда беморлар биринчи бўлиб поликлиникага оториноларингологга мурожат қилади, шунақа вақтда врач тўғри ташхис қўя олиши ва тўғри даво муолажаларини қўллай олиши керак.

Не леченная нейросенсорная потеря слуха (НСТ) может негативно повлиять на качество жизни людей и их семей, связанное со здоровьем и часто связана с социальной изоляцией, повышенным уровнем депрессии и тревоги. НСТ связан с ускоренным снижением когнитивных функций у пожилых людей и слуховые аппараты (СЛ) являются наиболее распространенным средством лечения СНТ, многие пациенты не обращаются за помощью сразу с того момента, как впервые замечают проблемы со слухом.

Из публикуемого Всемирной организацией здравоохранения (ВОЗ) первого Всемирного доклада по проблемам слуха, следует, что к 2050 году почти 2,5 миллиарда человек во всем мире - т.е. каждый четвертый - будут страдать той или иной степенью потери слуха. Если в ближайшее время не будут приняты меры, то по меньшей мере около 700 миллионов человек из них будут нуждаться в услугах по охране здоровья уха и органов слуха и других реабилитационных услугах в этой области.

Неблагоприятные исходы после оказания медицинской помощи способствуют обращению граждан в правоохранительные органы.

To study clinical and neurological features in patients with sensorineural hearing loss.

A literature review on the problem of treatment of exudative otitis media was performed. Exudative otitis media (EMI) is one of the most actively studied diseases of the middle ear in recent decades. Particular interest in this pathology is due to the variety of clinical manifestations of the disease, the duration of the course, the laboriousness of treatment, often resistance to standard therapy for otitis media, and a tendency to relapse. Clinical signs: the presence of exudate in the tympanic cavity, the absence of signs of acute inflammation and defect of the tympanic membrane. Modern medicine is considering many options for the treatment of exudative otitis media, up to the alternative of using hearing aids for patients with contraindications to other types of treatment. On the territory of the CIS, patients are prescribed medication or surgical treatment without active observation tactics, in most European countries and the United States, a wait-and see approach is used.

Chronic suppurative otitis media is characterized by clinical symptoms of decreased or loss of hearing acuity, otorrhea, congestion, noise and pain in the ears, and headaches. Health-related quality of life is an important parameter today. In order to determine the success of a surgical intervention, it is necessary both to improve the objectively measured parameters and it is important to supplement them with an improvement in the patient's quality of life.

Среди всех хронических заболеваний ЛОР органов хронический гнойный средний отит (ХГСО) является наиболее частой патологией (до 48,8%). Во всем мире ХГСО страдают от 1 до 46% населения, проживающих в развитых и развивающихся странах, 60% из них имеют значительное снижение слуха. Ежегодно в мире регистрируется 31 млн. новых случаев заболеваемости ХГСО, в 22,6% из них - ХГСО диагностируется у детей младше 5 лет. В 30,82% случаях на 10000 населения заболевание сопровождается снижением слуха. В Узбекистане хронический средный отит чаще встречается в основном у детей в возрасте от 7 до 14 лет и составляет 6,5-7,0%.

Logoterapiya qayta talqin qilishda men ma'lum shartlar va determinantlar, harakat va instinktlar, irsiy va atrof-muhit omillari va ta'siriga majburman va men u yoki bu narsani amalga oshirishga qodirman kabilar bilan bir qatorda. O'zimning aspektim inson voqeligining barcha o'lchovlarida adekvat tasavvurga ega bo'lish uchun biz oldinga borishimiz va har bir holatda hayotimning har bir vaziyatida meni qiyinlashtiradigan o'ziga xos ma'noni anglashimiz kerak. Ya'ni, biz inson borlig'ining sub'ektiv jihati, borliq, uning ob'ektiv hamkasbi, ya'ni ma'no bilan tafakkur qilamiz.

Topicality and relevance of the theme of the dissertation. According to the World Health Organization, Hearing disorders are diagnosed in 1 out of 1000 babies, that is 2 times more than the frequency of pathology of lips (mouth) nonunion, 2 times more than frequency of Down syndrome and 10 times more than frequency of phenylketonuria. In the structure of pediatric hearing loss sensorineural lesions of auditory analyzer make up 91.4%. According to the literature data in 82% of cases hearing loss in children occurs in the first year of life, that is, in prelingually period or in the period of its formation. Of these, only 38.5% of disorders occur in the perinatal period, and often only gross hearing disorders are detected.
In our country from the first days of independence in the process of health system reform, much attention is paid to strengthening health and prevention of socially significant diseases. As a result of implemented policy measures, the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics, from 2014 is adjusted surgical treatment of hearing loss - cochlear implants.1
The problem of sensorineural hearing loss to date in the world remains relevant to medical and social terms, and in pediatric practice, it is of particular importance. As known the development of the second signal system depends on the state of hearing of the child, as through the auditory analyzer, the child receives a huge flow of new information from the outside world. A gross hearing disorder in the form of hearing loss in children affect their general and psychological development, speech development and coordination in space. The late detection of hearing disorders in young children often causes the development of deaf-dumbness and, as a consequence the disability. The percentage of identification of children of first year of life with hearing disorders is only 10%. It should also be noted that to date, however, there are no data concerning mild and medium hearing losses. This is primarily due to the late application to professional otorhinolaryngologists, as well as the lack of alertness of pediatricians and GP doctors. The studies have shown that in one third of cases mild and medium hearing losses are identified at the age of 3-7 years. The timeliness of diagnosis determines both the effectiveness of the treatment and the rehabilitation of patients with hearing loss.
This dissertation research to a certain extent is the decision of the tasks provided for in the Resolution of the President of Uzbekistan № PP-2133 on February 19, 2014 "On State program" Year of a healthy child "in the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers №-1652 dated November 28, 2011" On Measures to further deepen the reform of the health system ", as well as in other legal instruments adopted in this area.
The aim of the research is to identify the clinical and audiological features of sensorineural hearing loss of various origins in children and improve the tactics and methods of rehabilitation.
Scientific novelty of the research was concluded in the following:
it was determined that hearing impairment in preterm infants due to immaturity of the peripheral auditory system at birth, as well as the simultaneous influence of a large number of pathological factors
it was revealed that the distinctive features of auditory function in children with auditory neuropathy is the decrease in hearing thresholds from 4 to 2 degrees and the marked improvement of behavioral reactions to sounds in the age of 10-18 months.
the dependence was established for clinical manifestations of hearing impairment in children with posthypoxic disorder of CNS on the severity degree of hypoxia
it was found that the violation of the component composition of short-latency auditory evoked potentials do not depend on the etiological factors of cerebral palsy
determined by differential diagnostic criteria for sensorineural hearing loss with auditory neuropathy, cerebral palsy and posthypoxic CNS.
Conclusions
On the basis of research on doctoral dissertation on "Development of differential-diagnostic criteria and methods of rehabilitation of children with sensorineural hearing loss" presented the following conclusions:
1. In hearing screening of newborns in preterm infants there was revealed significantly (p<0.01) narrower frequency spectrum and the reduce of amplitude of the delayed otoacoustic emission compared to full-term infants.
2. Risk criteria of the development of early hearing impairment according to pre - and perinatal characteristics in newborns are maternal anemia in 2nd and 3,d trimesters (58.2 per cent and 59.2 per cent), preeclampsia in the 2nd and 3'd term (32,7%), acceptance of ototoxic antibiotics during pregnancy (8.7%).
3. The degree of severity of peripheral sensorineural disorders in children with posthypoxic CNS is proportional to the degree of hemodynamic disorders in the system of the vertebral arteries, the direct correlation is determined between hearing loss and the degree of hypoxia.
4. The incidence of prematurity, low weight at birth, hyperbilirubinemia was significantly higher (p<0.01) in children with auditory neuropathy compared to children with sensorineural hearing loss.
5. For children with auditory neuropathy the stability of data of registering the short-latency auditory evoked potentials (ABR) is typical. It is well established that 91% of children with auditory neuropathy ABR were not registered during the primary and repeated examinations, and in 9% of children - they were registered to stimuli at the level of more than 95 dB.
6. For sensorineural hearing loss caused by cerebral palsy the typical characteristics are the disruption and damage of the configuration of the component composition of I, III,V waves of the short-latent auditory event-related potential.
7. A clinical-audiological examination of children with ICP allowed to reveal the pathology of the auditory analyzer in 66% of cases, while sensorineural hearing loss was defined in 19% of cases, cortical hearing loss - in 2% of cases.
8. Differential-diagnostic criteria of various origins SHL in the damage on the level of receptors are the damage of OAE and ABR indicators with preservation of the indicators of tympanometry. In the damage of pathways ABR damage is observed at safety registration of tympanometry and OAE. Cortical disorders are characterized by the registration of all the above methods.
9. Considering the differential diagnostic criteria for early diagnosis of hearing disabilities and methods of rehabilitation of children with sensorineural hearing loss of various origins algorithm of examination of infants and children with ICP and auditory neuropathy was developed, with the use of correcting and developing programs.