All articles - Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology

Maqolada arpabodiyonning asosiy xususiyatlari ta’siri bayon qilinadi. Arpabodiyonning kimyoviy tarkibi va ozuqaviy qiymati ko’rsatilgan, apabodiyonning turli xil farmatsevtika qo’llanilishi va uni turli kasalliklarda qo’llash samaradorligi ko’rib chiqiladi. Muayyan tibbiy sharoitlarda va kasalliklarda arpabodiyonning inson tanasiga ta’siri alohida tahlil qilinadi.

Mamlakatda sut ishlab chiqarishning past darajasi, sutga bo‘lgan talab va ta’minot o‘rtasidagi tafovut quruq sut importi orqali bartaraf etiladi. Chaqaloq uchun ona sutidan yaxshi narsa yo‘q. Onaning sutida barcha hayotiy va zarur komponentlar, moddalar va vitaminlar mavjud. Biroq, biron bir sababga ko‘ra tabiiy ovqatlanish mumkin bo‘lmagan holatlar mavjud. Masalan, onaning yuqumli kasalliklari bo‘lishi mumkin. Bolani sun’iy oziqlantirishga o‘tkazishga qaror qilishdan oldin, siz albatta pediatringiz bilan bog‘lanib, maslahatlashingiz kerak. Chunki bunday mahsulotlar tarkibidagi turli moddalar doim ham bolalar uchun foydali bo‘lmasligi ham mumkin

10% of chokeberry is sugar, i.e. glucose and fructose, alcohol sorbitol. It gives a sweet taste to food and has the property of significantly reducing the amount of sugar in people with diabetes. Plant fruits are rich in P vitamins. The average amount of antacid pigments in the fruit is 6.4%. Aronia fruit is completely different from other plants due to the fact that its content is rich in trace elements. Its fruit contains boron, fluorine, iodine compounds, iron, copper, manganese, molybdenum compounds. The total alkalinity of its fruit is 1.3% lower than that of an apple. In addition, the aronia fruit contains pectin and flavoring agents, as well as glycoside amegdalin. Aronia fruit is the most antioxidant rich fruit among medicinal plants. With this feature, it belongs to the ranks of anti-aging products. The abundance of mineral substances, vitamins and biologically active substances in the aronia fruit is the cause of great interest in the study of its biochemical composition.

Biologiya ta’limi o‘quvchilarning tabiiy dunyo haqidagi tushunchalarini shakllantirishda va ularning tanqidiy fikrlash qobiliyatini shakllantirishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Ushbu maqola biologiya ta'limida kognitiv faollikni oshirish strategiyalarini o'rganadi, o'qituvchilarni o'quvchilarni o'quv jarayoniga jalb qilish uchun amaliy vositalar bilan ta'minlaydi. Muhokama qilingan asosiy yondashuvlar orasida interfaol ta'lim, ko'rgazmali qurollar, so'rovga asoslangan ta'lim, kontseptsiyani xaritalash, real dunyo ilovalari, formativ baholash va texnologiya integratsiyasi kiradi. Ushbu strategiyalarni amalga oshirish orqali o'qituvchilar biologiyaga chuqurroq munosabatda bo'lishlari mumkin, bu esa akademik mukammallikni va fanga umrbod qiziqishni rivojlantirishi mumkin.

Jahon bozoridagi ion almashinuvchi smolalar orasida kuchli asosli anionitlar va kuchli kislotali kationitlar muhim rol o'ynaydi [1]. Rangli va nodir metallarni murakkab aralashmalardan ajratish uchun ishlatilgan ionitlarga misollarni ko'plab ishlarda [2-9] uchratish mumkin.
Maqolada mis va nikel ionlarining muqobil sorbsion material - Larix sibirica igna barglarida sorbsiyasi 200 °C, 250 °C, 400 °C haroratlarda o'rganilgan. Sorbsiya izotermlari Langmyur, Freundlix, Temkin va Dubinin-Radushkevich modellari yordamida olingan va hisoblangan. Aniqlanishicha, Cu2+ va Ni2+ ionlarining sorbsiya jarayonlari Lengmyur modelida eng yaxshi tasvirlangan

Висмут - химический элемент V группы периодической системы Менделеева с атомным номером 83. Это металл серебристо-белого цвета с розоватым оттенком. Актуальность изучения микроэлемента висмута заключается в его потенциально токсическом влиянии на организм. При отравлении солями висмута могут быть поражены почки, центральная нервная система, печень, кожа и слизистые оболочки. В дополнение к этому, висмут способен индуцировать синтез низкомолекулярных белков, участвовать в процессах оссификации и формировать внутриклеточные включения в эпителии почечных канальцев. Содержание висмута в человеческом организме составляет: мышечная ткань - 0,32x10-5 %; костная ткань - менее 0,2x10-4 %; кровь - ~0,016 мг/л. Суточное поступление висмута в организм с продуктами питания составляет 0,005-0, 02 мг, а с воздухом - 0, 00001 мг.

Жаҳон соғлиқни сақлаш ташкилотларининг берган маълумотларига кўра, элементлар одам организмига асосан сув билан, озиқ-овқатлар билан, ҳаво орқали ва дори препаратлар орқали кириб келади, шу билан бирга, баъзан ортиқча миқдорда тўпланади ҳамда одам организмига биотик ёки токсик таъсирлар кўрсатиш эҳтимоли юзага келади. Элементларнинг тирик организмларда ортиқча миқдорда тўпланиши кўп холларда саноат зоналарига боғлиқ холда кузатилиши мумкин. Қон ҳосил қилишда иштирок этадиган кимёвий элементлар қаторига кирадиган кобальт ионлари одам организми учун таъсири ижобийми, никель элементи ҳам шу жараёнларда иштирок этадими деган савол тиббиёт ходимларини тинимсиз изланишлар олиб боришга ундайди.

Известно, что скорость детоксицирующей функции печени индивидуальна [1] и это результат индивидуальности функциональной активности микросомальной монооксигеназной системы эндоплазматического ретикулума гепатоцитов [2]. Микросомальная цитохром Р-450 зависимая монооксигеназная система метаболизирует не только ксенобиотики, но и ряд эндобиотики, появляющиеся в ходе метаболизма в организме [3, 4]. В этой связи представлял интерес вопрос о состоянии физиолого-биохимических показателей организма в зависимости от функциональной активности детоксицирующей функции печени.

Zamon jadallik bilan rivojlanayotgan bir paytda, insoniyatga o’z ta’sirini ko’rsatmay qolmayapti. Ma’lumotlarni ko’pligi, shovqin-suron, internet rivojlanishi va boshqalar inson psixikasiga o’z ta’sirini ko’rsatmoqda. Bugungi kunda antidepressant preparatlariga talab kuchaymoqda. Albatta preparatning nojoyi ta’siri kamligi, qabul qilish intervali uzoqligi va tabiiyligi ko’p taraflama qulayliklarga olib keladi. Ushbu ilmiy maqolada Supurgi oilasiga mansub Cistanche o'simliklarining toksik- farmakologik xususiyatlari keltirilgan. Hozirgi vaqtda mahalliy o'simliklardan samarali dorivor moddalarni topish juda muhim. Cistanche an'anaviy Xitoy tabobatida keng qo'llaniladi. Chet elda Cistanche tubulosa osteoporoz (OP), Altsgeymer kasalligi (AD) va erkaklar jinsiy disfunktsiyasini (MSD) davolashda keng qo'llaniladi. Cistanches Herba - buyrak etishmovchiligi, ayollarning bepushtligi, patologik ajralmalar va qarilikdagi qabziyatni davolash uchun qo’llaniladi. Yuqoridagilarni hisobga olgan holda, biz Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Fargʻona viloyatida oʻsadigan Cistanche mongolica turidan tayyorlangan ekstraktning ba'zi farmakologik xususiyatlarini va o'tkir toksikligini, undan tashqari antideprassant xususiyatini tahlil qildik. Ushbu tadqiqot haqida ma'lumot quyida keltirilgan.

Subject of the inquiry: diets for nutrition in the families and kindergardens, biological active addition to the food, animals, children.
Aim of the inquiry: elaboration of effective methods of rationalization of diet for nutrition of studying-cducational institutions with usage of biological active additions for food.
Methods of inquiry: hygienic, medical- biological, toxicological, biochemical, chemical and statistical.
The results achieved and their novelty: According to the results of hygienic and toxicological explorations of biological active addition “ Biovit” was selected as the most successful, which made compensation of the deficit of vitamin C, A, B6, В 12; folium acid, calcium, magnesium; irreplaceable aminoacids in daily diet of children, who attends kindergardens. It was estimated the increase of biological value of nutritional diet, increase of nitrogen’s balance, secretion of nitrogen, assimilation of the protein and improvement of biochemical index of nitrogenical components of the urine and sufficiency in vitamin C among children. The methodological approach was established to the basis of using biological active additions and estimation their effect in kindergardens.
Practical value: The results of research, which was appvouba by Sanitary rules and norms Republik of Uzbekistan, 2 methodical recommendations, method of avaluation of nutrition’s condition was elaborated and approved for practical health care according to research works;
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the introduction on the Republic level has public cultural, general prophylactic, social and ecological hygienic role in the safety of the health of population.
Sphere of usage: in prophylactic medicine and hygienic practice, in study of medical Universities.

Subjects of the inquiry: State diagrams of Mg3(PO4)2 - Са5(РО4)зҒ, Mg3(PO4)2-CaAbSi2Os and Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F-CaAbSi2Os systems; glass and glass-ceramics of Mg3(PO4)2—Ca5(PO4)3F, Mg3(PO4)2—CaAl2Si2Os and Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F-CaAbSi2Os systems; biocompatibility of glass-ceramics; bioglass-ccramic coatings of mctal-ccramics, bioglass-ccramic bone implants, allcast bioglass-ccramic denture, glaze of prosthetic dentistry articles.
Aim of the inquiry: Aim of research was to accomplish scientific approach to selection of compositions of bioglass-ccramics for orthopedic and prosthetic dentistry and technological basis of synthesis of biocompatiblc glass-crystal materials.
Method of inquiry: Hard-phase synthesis, static method of determination of phase equilibriums, crystal-optical analysis, X-ray-phase analysis, electronmicroscope analysis, electron-probe microanalysis, differential-thermal analysis.
The results achieved and their novelty: Phase equilibriums in Mg3(PO4)2-Саз(РО4)зҒ, Mg3(PO4)2—CaAl2Si2O8 and Mg3(PO4)2—Са5(РС>4)зҒ—CaAbSi2Os systems were researched for the first time. Areas of glass formation and crystallization ability of glasses in researched systems were determined. Interconnection between composition-structurc-propcrty of glasses and glass-ceramics was investigated, which allowed to determine concentration borders of optimal compositions of glass-ceramic materials, theoretically explain and experimentally prove capability to directly control properties and structure of glass-ceramics. Glass-crystal materials on the basis of Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F, Mg3(PO4)2-CaAbSi2Ox and Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F-CaAbSi2Os systems were researched on compatibility with living organism. Conditions for synthesis of bioglass-ccramics for prosthetic surgery and dentistry were developed. Structural-controllcd synthesis of bioglass-ccramic coating for mctal-ceramics was developed. Glazes for prosthetic dentistry articles were developed.
Practical value: Regularities of adjustment of phase transitions in Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F, Mg3(PO4)2-CaAl2Si2O8 and Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F-CaAl2Si2O8 systems were determined, which allowed to develop compositions for obtaining bio-glass-ceramic articles for prosthetic surgery and dentistry. Technology for obtaining bioglass-ccramic articles for orthopedic surgery of dense and porous structure was developed. Compositions and technology of obtaining bioglass-ccramic dentures - all-cast and metal-ceramic articled with quality compatible with foreign analogues - were developed for the first time in Uzbekistan.
Degree of embed and economical effectivity: Results of clinical test of patients, under observation from 1 to 10 years allow to recommend bioglass-ccramics on the basis of Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F, Mg3(PO4)-CaAl2Si2O8 and Mg3(PO4)2-Cas(PO4)3F-CaA12Si2Oi{ systems for usage in jaw-face surgery departments of medical facilities in Uzbekistan and organization of industrial production of bioglass-ccramics for orthopedic surgery. Technical conditions for “Biositall” bio-compatiblc glass-crystal material were developed. Clinical tests of bioglass-ccramic dentures - all-cast and metal-ceramic articles were started in the premises of prosthetic dentistry department of 1st Tashkent State Medical Institute. It is necessary to continue clinical tests of bioglass-ccramics for prosthetic dentistry in order to determine long-term results, which allow recommend organization of industrial production. Obtained results may serve as commercial product for usage in treatment and service centers of prosthetic surgery and dentistry.
Sphere of usage: Medicine.

Subject of research: Long-term dynamics of disease of VH; contamination and morbidity by hepatitis; suffering from acute VH; various categories of the healthy population; various contingents of people who arc "at the risk of infection" and vaccinated people.
Purpose of work: Studying the prevalence of VH, the contamination of the population by viruses of hepatitis, algorithm of marker diagnostics and strategy of VH’s vaccine prevention in the circumstances of Kazakhstan.
Methods of research: The viral, immunological, serological and the statistical analysis have been used in this research.
The results obtained and their novelty: HEV circulation causing sporadic cases of acute hepatitis E is established for the first time among adult population in the territory of Kazakhstan. The role of HEV in occurrence of outbreak of hepatitis in the south of the country is proved by scro-cpidcmiological analysis. The etiological structure of acute VH is established by carrying out the marker diagnostics using PCR and IFA methods. Our development of the algorithm of testing of markers of VH A,B,C, E, TT allows to open the etiological structure of acute and chronic VH. Practical value: On the basis of application of IFA and PCR methods the algorithm of marker diagnostics of the VH is developed, it allows to define markers of acute and chronic hepatitis from "A" to "TT" in a test of one scrum of blood. The offered strategy and tactics of vaccination against hepatitis A and В include besides newborn children, a wide coverage of all ages and professional groups of the population. The vaccination allows to create a specific immunity among the population till 20- 25 years and to lower the morbidity of VH A and B.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The results have found their reflexion in methodological recommendations: "Revealing of specific diagnostic markers of acute and chronic virus hepatitis and interpretation of their results" (Ulan Bator, 2003), "Медициналык кызметкелер арасында В вирусты гепатитпн алдын алу шаралары "(Astana, 2005), "Strategy of vaccine prevention of virus hepatitis В in the Republic of Kazakhstan" (Almaty, 2005), "Strategy of vaccine prevention of virus hepatitis A in the Republic of Kazakhstan" (Astana, 2006), "Bases of marker diagnostics of an etiology of acute and chronic virus hepatitis from "A" to "TT" (Almaty, 2006). Results of the research work arc introduced in practice of work of republican medical inspection service of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Economic effectiveness of 1$ putting to the vaccination of hepatitis A gives the output of 15.5$ or 4.3$ of profit in view of “preventive expenses” for treatment of patient in conditions department.
Field of application: Virology, immunology, microbiology.

Subjects of the inquiry: 466 chidrcn aged 1-12 months.
Aim of the inquiry: to estimate risk factors of phosphorocalcium metabolism disturbances with determination of significance of prevention and prognostic criteria in order to appreciate the condition of the childrens health and development of modified schemes of rachitis prophylaxais.
Methods of inquiry: biochemical (estimation of 25(OH)D3, calcium and phosphorus in the blood scrum) and instrumental examinations (cchoenccphalography). Ihc children were consulted by the of podiatrist, neurologist and physicians of other specialized professins.
The results achieved and their novelty: First set deficit 25 (OH) D3 in the blood scrum of healthy infants and found the frequency of occurrence of rickets. Based on the study level of 25 (OH) D3 in the blood scrum of children set the objective risk factors for development of rickets and its relationship with calcium and phosphorus. A health visitor a modified scheme for the prevention and treatment of rickets in children with vitamin D, individually, depending on the degree of rickets and the level of the main metabolite. Modification of schemes for prevention and treatment of rickets have reduced the incidence of rickets and its consequences in young children.
Practical value: We have developed a mathematical method of analyzing the role of risk factors for the development of rickets from the mother and child allows for the level of primary health care to distinguish a group of children at risk for rickets and its consequences and carry out preventive measures. The method of direct introduction of vitamin D each individual child, carried out joint work of doctors, nurses and parents contributed to the timely prevention of rickets, but also, more importantly, prevent latent deficiency of vitamin D.
Degree of embed and economic effictivity: the results of the investigation have been introduced into medical practice of Samarkand city children's polyclinics №4 and №5 and childrens hospital №1. The results of work arc included in the training process at the chair of pediatrics of Samarkand State Medical Institute.
Field of application: pediatrics.

Subjects of the inquiry: 103 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 20 healthy individuals.
Aim of the inquiry: To study therapeutic effect of low frequency physical factors on the cytokines and the processes of lipid peroxidation and to confirm scientifically the efficacy of their use based on the their effect on the clinical laboratory findings.
Methods of investigation: Clinical and laboratory investigations, immunological analyses of the blood scrum cytokine levels and synovial fluid, biochemical examinations of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system indicators, phospholipase-A2 activity, nonspecific phosphatases and free oxyproline in the blood scrum of patients.
The results achieved and their novelty: There was studied clinical efficacy of ultraphonophoresis with benzketozon during treatment and rehabilitation of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It was proved that disbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as lipid peroxidation activation activity in the erythrocyte membranes and blood scrum destabilized cellular membrane structures, increase in phospholipase-A2 activity and, consequently, stimulating prostaglandines, inflammation mediators, synthesis. There was shown that complex therapy with inclusion of low frequency physical factors, particularly ultraphonophoresis with benzketozon, gave marked positive effect normalizing interrelation ship between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines reducing activity of phospholipasc-A2, lipid peroxidation products and rising the levels of antioxidant system indicators.
Practical value: There has been shown rationality of inclusion of the physical-pharmacological method ultraphonophorcsis with benzketozon into clinical practice. The differential indicators developed for application of low-frequency physical methods of therapy for rehabilitation of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis allow prolongation of the remission, improvement of the patients life quality.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The practical recommendation and guidelines have been applied in the clinical practice of the out-patient special course of arthrological treatment in the Republican Rhcumatological Center, Clinical Hospital N 1, Central Hospital of Zangiota district of Tashkent province. Sphere of usage: Rheumatology, physiotherapy.

Subjects of research: 49 boxers - highly skilled sportsmen of the National team of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Research objectives: study the process of formation of the special functional system of adaptation in boxers and develop actions to perfect the process of adaptation and rehabilitation of boxers.
Research methods: Functional work-ability of sportsmen - test PWC-170, immunographs, thrombocyte aggregation by Bom's method, erythrocyte aggregation activity, electric skin , quazy-stationary potential, Kcrdo vegetative index, electrocardiogram, ultrasonic examination of the abdominal cavity, BBA, Spielberg-Khanin's questionnaire, auto-training by I.G.Schultz.
Obtained results and their novelty: For the first time, the results of the conducted research allowed to reveal specificity of sports fatigue in boxers during different periods of annual training cycle. Characteristics of the immune status of highly skilled sportsmen, changes in the immune system of boxers in the period of adaptation to training load and restoration in dependence on were investigated. On the basis of the obtained results, a new optimized pathogenetic approach to adaptation and rehabilitation of sportsmen with application of enzyme therapy has been substantiated and developed. The system of boxers’ rehabilitation with application of the enzyme therapy and psychotherapy has been developed that in turn was manifested in a high pace of achieving sport results with positive shifts of the physiological, biochemical and neuro-cndocrinc indicators of functions reflecting the course of the general adaptable syndrome.
Practical significance. The findings obtained by the researcher will allow to identify the specificity of immune disorders in boxers that will become a basis for formation of a group of sportsmen at the risk of development of immuno-mediated conditions and diseases and to start timely an adequate correction course. For the purpose of improvement of adaptation and rehabilitation processes in boxers, psycho-therapeutic techniques and polyenzymc preparation Vobenzyme arc recommended to use during a training-competition cycle.
Degree of implementation and economic efficiency. The results of the research have been introduced in work practice in the National medical-sports clinic named after M.B.Frank, the city sports clinic, the polyclinic of the Republican college of Olympic Reserve, the Chair of Sports, Remedial Gymnastics, department of sport medicine and Physical training of Tashkent Medical Academy.
Fields for application: sports medicine, medical-sports clinic, medical units of colleges of Olympic Reserve.

Subject of research: 420 patients with acute leukemia.
Purpose of work: to study genetic variants and the frequency of chimeric oncogene BCR/ABL and implement a differentiated protocol of diagnosis and treatment of Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Uzbekistan.
Methods of research: Clinical, morphological, molecular genetics, statistics.
The results obtained and their novelty: Genetic marker's BCR/ABL pl90 level rate has been presented first in Uzbekistan and it's level is presented 34%; p210 variant has not been presented. High percent level of relapses in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients was determined in high risk group compared standard in retrospective analysis of standard schemas. Remission is achieved more than 8 times reliable frequently in BCR/ABL-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, who had been treated Glivec with chemotherapy simultaneously comparing patients without Glivec treatment (%2=7,2; p=0,003; OR=8,25).
Practical value: molecular detection method of chimera oncogen BCR/ABL pl90 has been optimized and introduced. This created possibility to present differential diagnostic of acute ALL, estimate molecular response for treatment and control molecular recidivc development and resistance flow of disease
Degree of embed and economic effectively: the results of this study were introduced into the clinic practice Institute of Hematology and blood transfusion, materials used in the loaming process in the Hematology Department of the Medical Academy of advanced studies.
Field of application: Hematology.