All articles - Optics

Purpose of the study: to evaluate the results of complex therapy including retrobulbar catheterization and magnetic stimulation of the optic nerve in patients with ChASN of different genesis by studying clinical and functional features of the eye in this case.
Methods. 105 patients (155 eyes) with the diagnosis: partial optic nerve atrophy of different genesis (PAN) received conventional treatment, treatment with the method of retrobulbar catheterization, as well as with the method of retrobulbar catheterization in combination with MS for 10 days. The dynamics of OD indicators, visual field, electrophysiological studies, ophthalmoscopy and ultrasound Dopplerography were investigated.
Results. The analysis of the obtained data indicates that the effectiveness of the proposed methods of treatment depends on the degree of MN destruction, so the treatment is more effective in the 11th degree of ChASN. However, in the group of patients treated by the combined method the efficiency is equally high both at II and III degrees of ChASN.
According to the data of visual acuity dynamics in patients with II stage of Chasnosis in the course of treatment it follows that if in the group of patients treated by the traditional method the effect was observed only in 64,3% of cases, in the group of patients treated by the method of retrobulbar catheterization the efficiency was observed in 89,3%.
The dynamics of the ocular fundus state under the proposed methods of treatment due to the short period of observation (2-3 weeks) underwent the following changes: dilation of CAC vessels, reduction of capillary tortuosity, reduction of retinal edema, as well as the appearance of foveal and macular reflexes distinctness. The data of ultrasound Dopplerography indicate a significant improvement of hemodynamic parameters in the CAC in patients with ChASN of different genesis in early terms after treatment. Improvement of systolic pressure indices was noted. In each case of the examined patients the improvement of hemodynamic resistance index Ri towards normalization was revealed. Accordingly, there was a significant increase in diastolic pressure, indicating the strengthening of elastic-elastic properties of vessels under the influence of treatment.
In our opinion, the improvement of hemodynamic parameters after the course of the proposed method of treatment is associated with an increase in the volume of the microcirculatory channel in the area of direct influence on MN by retrobulbar catheterization and MS.

Subbjects of research: superlattices on the basis of GaAs with a rectangular quantum well (QW) and with a quantum well with an inclined bottom, and also volumetric crystals CdS and CuCl.
Purpose of work: creation of the theory of optical-deformation interaction in volumetric crystals and superlattices with different types of quantum wells near the exciton and interband resonances.
Methods of research: methods of consecutive approximation, theory of indignations, variation methods, standard technique of matrix of density and for the first time developed technique of matrix of density for variable number of quasi-particls.
The results obtained and their novelty: the generalized technique of finding resonant dielectric constant and photoclasticity coefficients in superlattices taking into account of width of QW and in superlattices with inclined bottom of QW near exciton resonances frequencies is constructed. Significant increase of dielectric constant and photoclasticity coefficients caused by both exciton localization in QW, and increasing density of excitons maximum packing in superlattice is shown. It has been shown, that system of nonintcracting electrons and the holes, being in the superlattice layer making QW, can be considered as oscillator similar exciton. For the first time it is shown, that localization of excitons in QW causes significant increase of dielectric constant as well as photoclasticity coefficients near exciton and interband resonances.
Practical value: the general theory of optical-deformation properties of volumetric and low-dimension structures for exciton and interband resonances frequencies. Results of research expand circle of knowledge about sensitivity of optical parameters of semiconductor crystals under deformation influence. On the basis of these results new types of acoustooptical devices, working in exciton and interband resonances frequencies and possessing by smaller operating power and larger sensitivity to external sound signal than usual devices can be created.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: received results can be used at development of new types of devices for high-speed and not contact regulation of optical radiation (deflectors, modulators, acoustooptical filters etc.), and also at lecturing special courses at nanotechnology faculties in high education schools.
Field of application: nanotechnology, acoustooptics, optoelectronics.

Objects of inquiry: as the objects of study we selected pyridine, y-picoline and quinoline, and as a solvent we used neutral solvents and substances with protondonor properties.
Subject of inquiry: to clarify the features of the aggregation of molecules of pyridine, y-picoline and quinoline as compared with other types of aggregation.
Aim of inquiry: with the use of Raman spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations on the example of compounds with nitrogen-containing molecules and their solutions to obtain new data on the spectral manifestation of the intermolecular hydrogen bond.
Method of inquiry: Raman spectroscopy, quantum-chemical calculations by Density functional theory.
The results achieved and their novelty: new results on the aggregation of molecules of pyridine, y-picoline and quinoline were obtained. The possibility of formation of closed aggregates in these materials, as well as the possibility of formation of closed dimers in the pure liquids of pyridine and y-picoline were found out. We obtain a new grounded proof of the reason of non-coincidence of the maxima frequencies of bands in the scattered light of different polarization in the Raman spectra - the superposition of bands of different depolarization.
Practical value: studies, carried out in the thesis will contribute to the development of molecular theory of liquid state of matter. Taking into account the role of molecular aggregation and intermolecular hydrogen bond in the activity of living organisms, such research will lead to a fuller understanding of the role of aggregation of molecules in the processes of activities of living organisms.
Degree of embed and economical effectivity: scientific articles, reports and abstracts in conferences and symposiums, as well as annual and final reports on research grants, in the educational process in teaching specialist courses.
Sphere of usage: Spectroscopy of condensed matter, molecular physics and optics.

The aim of the research is to find the basic physical regularities of selfaggregation of Cwiand C70 fullerenes molecules in a number of organic solvents, as well as their influence on optical and nonlinear optical properties of solutions.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the following:
Structural and dimensional features of nanoaggregates (C^m and (C70)m in solutions prepared in two different ways - equilibrium and strongly nonequilibrium - were studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic-force microscopy methods;
The most likely models of self-aggregation molecules of and in organic solvents were proposed;
Correlations between the processes of nonlinear rotation of polarization ellipse, change of electronic absorption spectra of solutions of fullerenes and processes of self-aggregation molecules of C«), C70 in solutions were demonstrated;
Implementation of the research results. On the basis of the results of a study of the clusterization of C«) and C70 fullerenes molecules in solutions, as well as their influence on optical and nonlinear optical properties of solutions:
scientific results obtained in the course of experimental studies of the effect of nonlinear self-rotation of the ellipse of polarization of high-intensity light pulses in solutions of C7o fullerene in various organic solvents that were used to determine and compare the exact calculated theoretical values of the nonlinear parameters of condensed matter within the framework of the grant project No F-2-49 on the topic “Quasisynchronous interactions of ultra-short laser pulses in media with spatial modulation of quadratic and cubic nonlinear susceptibilities” (Reference No. FTA-02-11/527 of Agency for Science and Technology the Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 23, 2017). The use of scientific results made it possible to establish contributions of nonlinear additives to the refractive index, as well as nonlinear optical susceptibilities of condensed media;
scientific results obtained in the study of the self-assembly and selfaggregation of fullerene and molecules in solutions by high-sensitivity electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy methods that were used in determining the spectral characteristics of the "porphyrin-ftillerene" supramolecular compound, and also in evaluating the energy efficiency of charge separation of a given compound within the framework of the grant project No F2-FA-F147+F139 on the topic “The study of the physical mechanisms of highly efficient conversion of direct and concentrated solar radiation in the primary processes of photosynthesis” (Reference No. FTA-02-11/650 of Agency for Science and Technology the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 14, 2017). The use of scientific results made it possible to estimate the energy efficiency of the flux of photo induced electrons in supramolecular compounds.
The structure and volume of the dissertation. The dissertation is presented on 130 pages consisting of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion and a list of references.

Topicality- and relevance of the subject of dissertation. At present, in the world, development of new analytical methods of the determination of ultralow concentration of elements in a variety of materials plays an important role in many areas of modem science and technology. This is due to the fact that there are a large number of solutions of problems, such as high-purity materials technology, geology and geochemistry, toxicology, environmental protection and others, which are necessary to monitor the content of certain elements in the material at the level of 10’8- 10 H%. In some cases, a sensitivity analysis can provide traditional analytical methods or their modifications.
The relevance of the theme of the dissertation is conditioned by the necessity of establishing general laws of morphological and optical properties of aerosol particals not having certain quantum states, as well developing methods of high-sensitivity laser spectroscopy, problems of detection of ultra small concentration of single atoms and aerosols, determination of effective identification of dynamics and types of physical processes with excited atoms and molecules.
The aim of research work is finding out the physical mechanisms of manifestation of resonans and nonresonans process of interaction of laser radiation with ultrasmall concentrations of atoms and aerosols of substances.
Scientific novelty' of the research consists of the following results:
inverse dependence of regularities (N~d‘“) between the absolute concentration of the aerosol particles (N) formed from solid surfaces of metals, alloys and the soil under the influence of high-power pulsed infrared laser radiation (A=1064nm, 250mJ) and size of aerosol particles (d) also direct dependence (o~L) between the extinction coefficient (o) and the distance (L) from solid surfaces to the laser radiation were detected;
inverse dependence of regularities (Q~a*2) between extinction efficiency (Q) and size parameters (a) of diffirent transparent (NaCI, CsCl, Nal, NaF, KC1, AgNCh) and organic dye of aerosol particles was found;
effective collisional excitation schemes by p and d state versus state s atoms were detected;
the physical mechanism of formation of the useful signals (selective ionization signal and cavity ring-down signal) were identified that allow registration of parameters of atomic and aersols systems in the intensive pulsed laser field;
the way of improvement of the selectivity and sensitivity of the method of atomic ionization spectroscopy on the basis of the selection of the temperature atomizer “rod-flame” and the implementation of the new electrothermal atomizers ionizer consisting of the graphite tube and platform were determined;
cavity ring-down laser absorption spectrometer based on two volume nitrogen laser for measurement of light extinction by aerosol particles was developed.