“MILLIY IQTISODIYOTNI ISLOH QILISH VA BARQAROR RIVOJLANTIRISH ISTIQBOLLARI”
mavzusida xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi
576
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ELABORATION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF THE
REGION
Khayitova Feruza Bakhrom kizi
Research center "Scientific bases and issues of economic development of
Uzbekistan" under the Tashkent State University of Economics
Annotation:
This article presents modern trends in the development of foreign economic
relations of the region, strategies and practices aimed at strengthening economic ties between
countries and regions, as well as globalization and integration of these modern trends, digital
economy, sustainable development, development of transport, logistics infrastructure,
innovation and technological progress. These trends are the main factors in the development of
interregional economic relations, which serve to ensure economic growth, increase trade and
investment flows, and support sustainable development. In our country, these trends play an
important role in ensuring the country's economic stability and increasing its competitiveness in
international trade.
Key words:
Country, economy, foreign economic relations, export, import, foreign trade,
network, global trade agreements, goods and services.
“MILLIY IQTISODIYOTNI ISLOH QILISH VA BARQAROR RIVOJLANTIRISH ISTIQBOLLARI”
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The rapid reforms implemented in the economy of our country make it
possible to increase the stable development of our economy even in the
conditions of globalization of the world economy. In particular, further
improvement of the foreign economic activity of our country is one of the most
important tasks. This, in turn, leads to the stable development of the regional
economy and further improvement of the lifestyle of the population. Foreign
economic activity means business activity on a global scale in terms of products,
labor, services, information and results of the intellectual sphere. Foreign trade
activities are carried out through the export and import of goods and services. In
general, the main directions of foreign economic activity are as follows:
- foreign trade activities;
- international economic and financial cooperation;
- attracting foreign investments.
Today, the development of the unique international trade of the enterprises,
the expansion and improvement of the integration of production are the impetus
for the further liberalization of organizational economic activity. In fact, in the
foreign policy of our country, the development of friendly and beneficial
relations with the neighboring Central Asian countries is defined as an important
direction, and as a result of the efforts and initiatives implemented in this
direction, political dialogue and in recent years mutual cooperation and
confidence are strengthened in the region.
In recent years as a result of the measures implemented in our republic to
promote export, optimize import, and in general, ensure the balance of foreign
trade, the foreign trade turnover of the republic in January-December 2023 had
been reached 62.6 billion USD and ensured an increase of 12.1 billion US dollars
or 23.9% compared to January-December 2022. This result was recorded as the
highest indicator in the history of the country.
Table 1
Foreign trade turnover and balance (million USD)
2022 year 2023 year
Growth
rate, in %
Relative to the
total, in %
Foreign trade turnover (FTT)
50 500,3
62 567,4
123,9
х
Export
19 732,6
24 426,2
123,8
100,0
goods
11 020,3
10 989,9
99,7
45,0
services
4 456,7
5 179,7
116,2
21,2
non-monetary gold
4 255,6
8 256,6
194,0
33,8
Import
30 767,8
38 141,2
124,0
100,0
goods
28 220,3
35 574,8
126,1
93,3
services
2 547,5
2 566,4
100,7
6,7
Balance
-11 035,2
-13 715,0
x
х
From the table below, we can see that the volume of export in foreign trade
turnover reached to 24,426.2 million US dollars (increased by 23.8%) and the
volume of import reached to 38,141.2 million US dollars (increased by 24.0%).
“MILLIY IQTISODIYOTNI ISLOH QILISH VA BARQAROR RIVOJLANTIRISH ISTIQBOLLARI”
mavzusida xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi
578
During the reporting period, the foreign trade deficit amounted to more than
13.7 billion dollars, bu 2022-
yilga nisbatan 24,3 foizga ko‘p (
-11,03 mlrd dollar).
This indicator would have been even higher had it not been for record gold
exports and a positive balance in the services sector.
Diagram 1. Foreign trade turnover of the Republic of Uzbekistan (billion USD)
As shown in the diagram above, as of January-December 2023, the foreign
trade turnover of the Republic amounted to 62.6 billion US dollars, compared to
2019, an increase of 20.8 billion US dollars or 1.5 times was recorded. It should
be noted that the ratio of foreign trade turnover to GDP is growing significantly,
which
indicates
the
growth
of
the
economy
in
terms
of
trade[
https://stat.uz/en/quarterly-reports/39036-2023-eng-2
To date, one of the main strategies in the foreign economic activity of our
country is the organization of import-substituting production, as well as the
further development of export-oriented production and strengthening of
competitiveness in international markets. One of the goals of the presidential
decree "On the new development strategy of Uzbekistan for 2022-2026" is to
establish foreign economic relations between the regions of the republic and
business representatives of foreign countries, including improving the legal
basis of economic, cultural and humanitarian cooperation with the countries of
South Asia, the Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar,
Pakistan, India, Iran) and specific priorities for improving the legal basis of
economic, cultural and humanitarian cooperation with countries that have
achieved a strong economy in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
and the American region have been defined[
https://lex.uz/uz/docs/-5841063
The effective performance of these tasks activates the further improvement of
the business environment in our country, the attraction of modern techniques
and technologies from abroad to the production of enterprises and this in turn
increases the demand for actively implementing measures aimed at increasing
the export of products and increasing the export potential in general.
17,5
15,1
16,7
19,7
24,4
24,3
21,2
25,5
30,8
38,1
41,8
36,3
42,2
50,5
62,6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
export import
FTT
“MILLIY IQTISODIYOTNI ISLOH QILISH VA BARQAROR RIVOJLANTIRISH ISTIQBOLLARI”
mavzusida xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi
579
Currently, Uzbekistan is striving to become a member of the World Trade
Organization and regional trade blocs, integrating into the World Economic
System for the development of foreign economic relations. This, in turn,
increases our country's ability to attract international trade and investments. In
addition, the development of the digital economy in our country has shown a
significant growth, especially in the fields of e-commerce and fintech, and the
projects and programs implemented in the fields are focused on improving the
digital infrastructure and expanding the scope of digital services of international
relations between regions. As a result of this, we can see that the foreign
economic relations of Uzbekistan have significantly developed in recent years,
and the country is actively participating in the processes of international trade,
investment and economic integration. The interregional export of our country is
mainly based on natural resources, including cotton, gold, natural gas, chemical
products and agricultural products. In recent years, the export of industrial
products, automotive and textile products has also been increasing. In 2023, the
export volume of Uzbekistan amounted to approximately 19 billion US dollars.
Also, the country's imports are mainly machinery, technological equipment, cars,
food products and petroleum products, and last year the import volume reached
25 billion US dollars. The main trade partners of Uzbekistan are Russia, China,
Kazakhstan, South Korea, Turkey and the EU countries, and trade relations with
these countries are expanding every year. Our country pays great attention to
strengthening economic relations with neighboring countries. In particular,
trade and transport relations with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and
Turkmenistan are expanding significantly.
Summary
In conclusion, it should be said that the modern trends in the development
of foreign economic relations of the region are growing rapidly at the global and
regional level. These trends are important for strengthening economic ties,
promoting trade and investment, and ensuring sustainable development.
Uzbekistan continues the process of becoming a member of the World Trade
Organization, which allows to expand international trade and reduce customs
barriers. Uzbekistan is strengthening economic integration with Central Asian
countries and developing trade relations. For example, the trade agreements
signed with Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan increased the volume of trade. In
addition, Uzbekistan is paying great attention to the development of the digital
economy. The volume of e-commerce has increased significantly through local e-
commerce platforms and international partnerships. In addition, Uzbekistan's
foreign economic relations have developed significantly in recent years, and
reforms and strategies implemented in the fields of trade, investments, digital
economy and regional integration serve to strengthen the country's position in
the global economic system. Uzbekistan's efforts in the direction of sustainable
development and green economy are also important in expanding economic ties.
“MILLIY IQTISODIYOTNI ISLOH QILISH VA BARQAROR RIVOJLANTIRISH ISTIQBOLLARI”
mavzusida xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi
580
Reference:
1. PF-60 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 "On the
Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026"
2. G.M. Shadieva, T.S. Sharipov, Sh.A. Sultanov, Z.S. Artikov, L.U. Makhmudov, A.P.
Khazratov, D.S. Musinov. Regional economy textbook / Samarkand-2023
3. F.M. Rakhmatullayeva, A.J. Abdulloyev, N.B. Giyazova, G.S. Narzullayeva. "Foreign
economic activity and competition management" - Study guide. Bukhara - 2021
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FINANCE", 2006.
5. E.Kh. Avazov - "Fundamentals of foreign economic activity" basic lecture - TermSU - 2013
6. Joseph E. Stiglitz: "Globalization and Its Discontents" -2017
7. Bulletin of foreign economic activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan - 2023
https://stat.uz/uz/default/choraklik-natijalar/39033-2023-2
8. G. G'. Nazarova, Z. M. Iminov, Kh. Kh. Khalilov, O. B. Hamidov "World economy and
international economic relations". Textbook - Tashkent- 2011
EFFICIENCY OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE AS A WAY TO EQUALIZE
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS
Malov Mikhail
Lecturer, Plekhanov Russian Economic University.
Ivanovo branch, Ivanovo, Russia,
postgraduate student, RANEPA, Vladimir branch,
г. Vladimir, Russia
The level of socio-economic development of regions differs significantly
from each other in terms of their transport and infrastructure development.
The importance of studying the issues of regional specifics of transport
infrastructure and taking into account its condition when developing strategic
directions of socio-economic development of regions in order to equalize them
in the conditions of urbanization determined the choice and relevance of the
research topic.
The existing limitations and problems of development of the country's
regions have a multifactorial basis. Among them we can distinguish economic,
geographical, geopolitical, structural and other factors, which to a greater or
lesser extent affect the level of development of the regional socio-economic
system. The main purpose of transport infrastructure activity as an element of
the country's economy is to ensure the constant provision of high-quality,
uninterrupted, affordable supply of consumers with transport services through
the effective organization of transport service system, which allows the effective
implementation of all transport and related information flows.
To equalize the existing difference of transport and infrastructure
development of regions as one of the main elements of the system of socio-
economic development, from the author's point of view, it is necessary, first of
