HOLY PLACES AND SHRINES RESTORED IN BUKHARA DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE

DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE

International scientific-online conference

123

HOLY PLACES AND SHRINES RESTORED IN BUKHARA DURING

THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE

Jumayev Abbosjon Akmalovich

Teacher of the Department of Social Sciences, Zarmed University

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15561385

Keywords:

Seven pirs, shrine, independence, Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani,

Revgari, Anjir Faghnavi, Romitan, Boboyi Samosi, Mir Kulol, Bahauddin
Naqshband, Kabir Bukhari, Dahmai Behishtiyan, mausoleum, cemetery,
pilgrimage site.

Abstract.

There are a huge number of ancient monuments in Bukhara. Each of them is

valuable. Each one seems to breathe a breath of poetry. Each one seems to be a
silent witness to what kind of people our ancestors were. The architectural
monuments of Bukhara reflect the high intelligence of our ancestors. The Chor
Minor ensemble in the city center is considered unique in the East. The Khoja
Zayniddin and Baland mosques, and the Mir Arab madrasah are examples of
high engineering, extraordinary art, and unparalleled beauty. You are certainly
aware that for centuries the land of Uzbekistan has been one of the centers of
the great and unique culture, science, and socio-economic development of the
Muslim world. Ancient Uzbekistan, that is, the land of Movarunnahr, is a land of
scholars and thinkers who made an unforgettable contribution to the
development of the high culture and civilization of the Islamic world. Thanks to
independence, large-scale landscaping work was carried out on the occasion of
the anniversaries of Khoja Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani, Khoja Ali Romitani, Sayyid
Amir Kulal, Bahauddin Naqshband, and Abu Havs Kabir Bukhari.

Bukhara, known as the Venice of the East, has more than 140 major

historical and architectural monuments. Among them are the Bukhara Arch, the
Samanid Mausoleum, the Chashmai Ayyub Mausoleum, the Mag`oki Attori
Mosque, the Namozgoh Mosque, the Poyi Kalon Ensemble, the Remains of the
Fortress Wall, the Kalon Tower, the Kalon Mosque, the Mir Arab Madrasah, the
Tim and Toqilar, the Labikhovuz Ensemble, the Ulugbek Madrasah, the Chor
Minor, the Bolokhovuz Mosque, the Sitorai Mohi Khossa Ensemble and other
monuments that fascinate tourists. Having preserved such ancient architectural
monuments, Bukhara remains one of the most favorite places for tourists.
Bukhara attracts the attention of millions of people from all over the world with
its charm.

Renovation of the "Seven Pir" shrine in Bukhara during the years of

independence.

DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE

International scientific-online conference

124

Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani was born in 1103 in the city of Gijduvani. He grew up

mastering knowledge and skills. He led Muslims to the right path and reached
the level of sheikh. He was given many titles such as “Khojai Jahon”, “Qalb zikri
sultani”, “Khojasi of the two worlds”, “Qutbi zamon”, “Afoqi zamon”. He founded
the Hazrat Khojagon tariqat. There, he became the leader of the tariqat and
engaged in the profession of “buz weaving”. The basis of the “Khojagon tariqat”
was the Quran and hadith, fighting fiercely against bid’a-tu superstition, false
pir-u-muridism, turning humanity away from greed and greed, encouraging
them to earn a living through honest work, and sharing the sustenance given by
Allah with many people. Hazrat Khoja Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani died in 1179 (some
sources say 1220) in the city of Gijduvani, and his grave is located here.

Thanks to the independence, in 2003, on the occasion of the 900th

anniversary of the birth of Khoja Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani, large-scale landscaping
work was carried out. In particular, a ten-column porch will be rebuilt above the
grave of the saint. This was a symbolic sign that the saint was in tenth place in
the Silsilai Sharif. A new mosque with a capacity of 1,500 people will be built
next to the mausoleum, and a pond and well that were buried during the Soviet
era will be restored. A beautiful 4-hectare avenue will be built around the
mosque and the complex.

The second of the seven pirs, the shrine of "Khoja Muhammad Orif Revgari

Mohitobon", is located in the Shafirkan district. The dahma in the shrine is
surrounded by wood, and a white thorny plant grows above the grave of the
saint without losing its whiteness. There were chillaharans on the qibla side of
the shrine, and a long porch faced north, and on the upper side there was a large
fruit garden. Many visitors came to visit and ate the fruits of this garden. Water
was drunk from the large pond in front of the porch. The current three-sided
porch in the shrine is very ancient.The second of the seven pirs, the shrine of
"Khoja Muhammad Orif Revgari Mohitobon", is located in the Shafirkan district.
The dahma in the shrine is surrounded by wood, and a white thorny plant grows
above the grave of the saint without losing its whiteness. There were
chillaharans on the qibla side of the shrine, and a long porch faced north, and on
the upper side there was a large fruit garden. Many visitors came to visit and ate
the fruits of this garden. Water was drunk from the large pond in front of the
porch. The current three-sided porch in the shrine is very ancient.

The next destination is the “Khoja Mahmud Anjir Faghnavi” shrine in

Vobkent district. The “Khoja Mahmud Anjir Faghnavi” shrine was neglected and
in a very dilapidated state during the Soviet era. The mosque here was turned

DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE

International scientific-online conference

125

into a collective farm warehouse. During the years of independence,
reconstruction and improvement work was also carried out at this shrine. In
1999-2000, a two-story mausoleum was built on the grave of Khoja Mahmud
Anjir Faghnavi, a new mosque with three porches that can accommodate 300
people, a pool, a gatehouse, a hotel, and a modern ablution facility were
completed. In the courtyard of the mosque, ornamental and fruit trees were
planted, and gardens were organized. All convenient conditions were created for
those who come to visit and pray. The mosque was officially registered and
began operating in 1998. Khoja Mahmud Anjir was the 12th ring leader in the
Faghnavi silsilai-sharif, a disciple of Khoja Arif Mohitoban, and a teacher of Khoja
Ali Romitani. They lived in the Vobkent region in the 13th century.

The fourth of the seven pirs is the shrine of “Khoja Ali Romitaniy” located in

Romitan district. It is about 37 kilometers from Vobkent district. Khoja Ali
Romitaniy (also known as Khojai Azizon) (Kurgan village, Romitan district-
1195/1324) is a representative of the “Khojagon Naqshbandiy” order. He was
engaged in weaving. He lived for a while in Khorezm, opened a khanaqo and
spread the “Khojagon” order in this region. His spiritual mentor is Mahmud Anjir
Faghnaviy. He, in turn, is the mentor of Khoja Muhammad Boboyi Samosiy.

The mosque named after “Khoja Ali Romitani” was built in 2004 using the

Hashar method. It has a gatehouse, a mosque, a mausoleum and a porch built in
the national style, a pool and a stone fountain, a hotel and kitchens. In addition,
there are two hotels, a well and a special garden with fruit trees around the
mosque. Friday prayers, Ramadan and Eid al-Adha prayers are performed in this
mosque in the village of Kurgan. There are ablution rooms for men and women
for worshipers. Skilled carvers were invited, and in the fall of 2014 the
tombstone in the “Khoja Ali Romitani” mausoleum was renovated. Currently,
construction and landscaping work is underway.

Another pir in the Romitan district is Khoja Muhammad Boboyi Samosiy, a

disciple of Khoja Ali Romitaniy. The shrine of Khoja Muhammad Boboyi Samosiy
is located 5 kilometers from the shrine of Khoja Romitaniy. He was considered
one of the great sheikhs of Bukhara and was known by the name of Hazrat
Boboyi Samosiy. Hazrat Samosiy (in some sources "Simos") was born in the area
where the mosque is located. The sources do not give his year of birth. His death
falls on the year 1354.

The shrine of the sixth of the Pirs, “Sayyid Amir Kulol”, is located in the

Yangi Hayot fortress of the Kagon district. It is about 47 kilometers from the
Romitan district. The “Sayyid Amir Kulol” mosque is named after a historical

DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE

International scientific-online conference

126

figure. Sayyid Amir Kulol (1281-1370) was the sixth of the seven Pirs of Bukhara
and lived for 89 years. His real name was Sayyid Amir Kalon, and he was called
Sayyid Amir Kulol because his profession was pottery.

The Sayyid Amir Kulol mosque was rebuilt in 1994 after independence. The

mosque continues its activities to this day. There is an aviary on the front and
right sides of the mosque building. There are 2 rooms on the right and left sides
of the entrance to the building. The height of the mosque is 4.70 meters, length -
24.4 meters, width - 18.5 meters. The height of the mosque dome is 9 meters.
The minaret of the mosque was built in 2007. The mausoleum of the Sayyid
Amir Kulol mosque consists of 2 rooms, the first room is a reading room, and the
second room houses the grave of Sayyid Amir Kulol. The mausoleum was built in
2007 in the national architectural style with a dome on the initiative of the first
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I. Karimov. The walls are made of baked
bricks. The height of the mausoleum building is 12 meters, length is 15 meters,
and width is 8 meters.

The world-famous shrine of Bahauddin Naqshband is located in the village

of Qasri Orifon, Kagon district. It is 5 kilometers from the shrine of Sayyid Amir
Kulal to this place. The shrine of Bahauddin Naqshband was formed over five
hundred years. There is very little information about its early history. The first
buildings in front of the tomb of Bahauddin Naqshband appeared approximately
after the death of the saint. During architectural and archaeological research, the
remains and foundations of the first buildings were found. Shortly after the
death of Bahauddin Naqshband, a cemetery appeared on the western side of the
tomb of the saint, where the murids-admirers of the saint began to be buried.
Later, the “Dahmai Shahon” (“Cemetery of the Kings”) appeared here, where
representatives of the ruling dynasty of Bukhara were buried.

The appearance of the Bahauddin Naqshbandi shrine during the years

of independence.

The achievements of our people during the glorious and victorious years of

independence are countless, and each of them is worthy of centuries. All this
indicates that our unique and united soul is steadfastly and boldly walking along
the path of a great future for our Uzbekistan. Every Uzbek person should deeply
understand these ongoing works, appreciate our independence and peace, and
cherish peace and harmony in our country. After all, peace and harmony are the
greatest blessings.

In 1993, on the occasion of the 675th anniversary of the birth of Bahauddin

Naqshband, the importance of studying the teachings of Bahauddin Naqshband

DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE

International scientific-online conference

127

in Uzbekistan increased. The Naqshbandiya Scientific Center was established at
Bukhara State University. The study of mystical and mystical heritage was
launched there. The Naqshbandiya Center was also established at the Bukhara
State Museum-Reserve.

They say that flowers bloom at the feet of a virtuous person. The happiness

of this blessed place was revealed when Islam Karimov visited the 675th
anniversary of the birth of a great representative of the Islamic world,
Bahauddin Naqshband, on September 16, 1993. During the years of
independence, under the initiative and leadership of the first President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, centuries-old creative work was carried out in a
previously neglected place. Monuments buried many centuries ago have opened
their eyes again. Guests who set foot here begin their pilgrimage, first of all, from
the grave where the mother of the great scholar found eternal rest. The revival
of this tradition alone symbolizes the respect for mothers in our nation.

References:

1.Sadriddin Salim Bukhari. The Holy Shrines of Bukhara. (Historical and
Enlightening Treatise). Completed, revised second edition. T., “Navruz”.2015.
2.Jumayev, A. A. (2024). The Life and Work of the Enlightener Ahmad Donish
Bukhari.

Miasto

Przyszłości,

49,

1422–1427.

Retrieved

fromhttps://miastoprzyszlosci.com.pl/index.php/mp/article/view/4166
3.Jumayev Abbosjon Akmalovich. (2024). Ahmad Donish’s work "Risola" covers
the history of the Mangit period. American Journal of Public Diplomacy and
International Studies (2993-2157), 2(6), 172–177. Retrieved from
https://grnjournal.us/index.php/AJPDIS/article/view/5091
4.Jumayev, A. (2023). AHMAD DONISH'S RELATIONSHIP TO THE SOCIO-
POLITICAL LIFE OF BUKHARA IN THE WORK "NAVODIR-UL-VAQOYE".
Interpretation

and

Research,1(34).

https://talqinvatadqiqotlar.uz/index.php/tvt/article/view/1468
5.Materials of the Republican Scientific and Practical Conference on the topic
"The ancient and immortal history and cultural heritage of Bukhara - an
important source in the upbringing of a complete person." Bukhara.2012.
6.Yuldoshev N. The life and work of Bahauddin Naqshband. Bukhara 2003.
7. Boldieva S. The secrets of Bukhara. (The meaning of greatness). Book one. T.,
"Tafakkur".2009.
9. Bahauddin Naqshband Complex. Bukhara. 2008