№ 1 (2025) Development and innovations in science

Academic mobility—the movement of students across borders for educational purposes—has emerged as a cornerstone of higher education in the 21st century. This phenomenon not only enriches students' academic experiences but also fosters intercultural understanding and facilitates the global exchange of knowledge. With the increasing interconnectedness of the world, academic mobility serves as a bridge that connects diverse cultures, ideas, and perspectives.

Мураккаб ва кўпқиррали ҳисобланмиш, жамиятнинг турли манфаатларини ўзида намоён этувчи терроризм ҳодисаси сиёсатда ва ҳуқуқда қарама-қарши ва бир хил маъно касб этмайдиган тарзда таърифланади. Бу эса, ўз навбатида, халқаро ва алоҳида олинган давлат миқёсида унга қарши мавжуд восита ва усуллар ёрдамида самарали кураш олиб боришни бир қадар қийинлаштиради.

Sellyuloza ishlab chiqarishning zamonaviy texnologiyalari, ayniqsa, zamonaviy ekologik talablarga muvofiq kimyoviy ishlov berish uchun yetarli sifatli sellyulozani taʼminlamayapti. Natriy gidroksididan qaynatish jarayonida keng foydalanilganiga qaramay, bu bosqichda ajralib chiqayotgan zararli uchuvchi birikmalarning tabiati va atrof-muhitga taʼsiri yaxshi oʻrganilmagan boʻlib qolmoqda. Bu bilimlardagi bo’shliq paxta chiqindilaridan yuqori sifatli sellyuloza ishlab chiqarishga qodir bo’lgan ekologik toza jarayonlarni ishlab chiqish uchun kompleks tadqiqotlar va ishlanmalar o’tkazish, kimyoviy ishlov berish ilovalarida ham sanoat samaradorligini, ham ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlash muhimligini ta’kidlaydi. Paxta tozalash korxonalarining tolali chiqindilaridan olingan chiqindilar asosidagi sellyuloza namunalarini kimyoviy ishlov berishda, sellyulozaning kimyoviy tarkibiga qarab, turdosh preparatlar koʻpincha turlicha reaksiyaga kirishadi, turli tezlikda eterifikatsiya qilinadi va turli sifatli mahsulotlar beradi. Bu esa sellyulozaning reaktsiya qobiliyati masalasini ko’taradi.

Bizning ushbu maqolamizda Muhammadsharif Gulxaniyning  “Zarbulmasal” asari tahlilga tortilgan. Unda xonliklar davri tarixi va o‘tmishi ya’ni o‘sha davrning muammolari masallar asosida ochib berilgan. Insonlarga xos bo‘lgan xususiyatlar hayvonlarga  majoziy tarzda ko‘chirilib, ular o‘rtasidagi munosabat asosida o‘sha davrda jamiyatning qanchalik qoloq ahvolda ekanligi ko‘rsatilgan. Asarning mazmuni, g‘oyaviy yo‘nalishi, bosh syujet yo‘li, tarkibi, tili, uslubiy xususiyatlari haqida ma‘lum tasavvur hosil qilinadi.

The financial industry, particularly commercial banking, has undergone transformative changes with the integration of technology. Among the various banking operations, mortgage loan accounting—a critical function for ensuring accuracy, compliance, and risk management—has significantly benefitted from technological advancements. This article examines how technology modernizes mortgage loan accounting processes, the challenges it addresses, and the benefits achieved through these innovations.

The examination of A2 level learners' writing proficiency is an essential aspect of assessing their language development and evaluating their ability to communicate effectively through writing. Assessments provide valuable insights into learners' strengths and areas for improvement, helping educators tailor their instruction to meet specific needs. Various assessment methods and tools are employed to measure A2 level learners' writing proficiency accurately.

The age of digitalization and artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly altered traditional practices across all sectors of society, including diplomacy. This thesis investigates how digital technologies, especially AI, are transforming the way international diplomacy is conducted, challenging established norms and practices. By analyzing current trends in digital diplomacy, the influence of AI on decision-making, communication, and negotiation, this research looks at how states, international organizations, and non-state actors are adapting to a technology-driven global landscape. The study also explores the challenges and opportunities that AI and digitalization bring to the diplomatic arena, as well as their potential implications for the future of international relations.

This thesis analyzes the educational significance of physical education, sports and health activities in educational institutions. Physical education and sports activities affect not only the physical development of young people, but also their moral, aesthetic and social well-being. The thesis highlights the role of sports and health activities in the education of students, their impact on their social adaptation, and the formation of a healthy lifestyle through physical activity. It also analyzes effective methods for integrating physical education and sports into the educational process and their positive impact on the educational process.

This thesis discusses the methodology for developing professional competencies of physical education teachers. In the modern educational process, physical education teachers are required to have skills such as not only improving the physical condition of students, but also increasing their motivation, applying pedagogical-psychological approaches and effectively using innovative technologies. The thesis analyzes the basic principles of forming professional competencies, interactive teaching methods, the possibilities of using information technologies and strategies for improving teacher training. The results of the study include scientific and practical recommendations on identifying factors affecting the professional development of physical education teachers and improving their pedagogical skills.

This thesis analyzes the issues of effective organization of the training process and planning of loads for highly qualified teenage weightlifters. The methodology for improving the physical fitness, technical and tactical skills of athletes, distributing loads based on an individual approach, and monitoring their effectiveness is discussed. The study discusses the impact of a scientifically based loading system on sports results, ways to prevent overexertion, and recovery processes. This thesis serves to create a scientific and methodological basis for weightlifting trainers, sports specialists, and researchers.

Cinematography is one of the most influential means of mass communication. This unique cultural phenomenon is characterised by rapid development, global distribution and impact on the audience worldwide. This article will investigate about linguistic and extra-linguistic features of Cinema discourse by analyzing these factors in “Gone with the wind”.

современные принципы разработки рецептур пищевых продуктов основаны на выборе определенных видов сырья и таких их соотношений, которые бы обеспечивали достижение требуемого качества готовой продукции, включая количественное содержание и качественный состав пищевых добавок, наличие определенных органолептических показателей, потребительских и технологических характеристик.