All articles - Fisheries

Subject of research: the lakes of wetland Sudochje, Vest Karatcrcn, Muynak and Sarbass, the Aydaro-Amasaj system lakes, the lakes of Khorezm oblast, the lake Sarakamish in Fergana.
Purpose of work: to learn the present-day characteristics of zooplankton into plain lakes, those have transform drainage due to economical activity.
Methods of research: to include laboratory and field tools of hydrobiology analyses of zooplankton; physicochemical methods tj learn of water living conditions.
The results obtained and their novelty: has been carried out the inventory data of zooplankton species into lakes of Uzbekistan that includes a literary and native data; has been observed a seasonal and long-term succession and the quantitative dynamic of zooplankton into lakes of different depth, salinity; has been study the index of biodiversity, index of biomass distribution and other structural characteristics of zooplankton community.
Practical value: zooplankton data examined with fauna and biocenology perspective could be use for the prediction a species structure and quantity of zooplankton; to appear opportunity to modification of dominant zooplankton species for the community for improvement of food base into water bodies for fisheries importance.
Degree of embed and economic effectively: obtained results were used by development (substantiation) projects studied of potential productivity of reservoirs.
Field of application: practical and sanitary hydrobiology, ecological monitoring.

Subjects of research: fish parasites of the Khorezm pond industry.
Purpose of work: The Complex study of epizztic condition of spreading of pathogenic organism invasive diseases of valuable and less valuable fish in the oecologcal system of Khorezm pond farming and Working out some measures of combating against it, taking into consideration local oecological conditions.
Method of research: full parasitological, field and laboratory methods.
The results achieved and their novelty: The complex study of the parasitological state of fish in the Khorezm pond industry has been carried out for the first time and 68 species new for the farming have been revealed. The degree of infection of all the species of fish by parasites was distinguished, there were defined the conformities of change of fish parasite fauna from ecological factors (stream, turbidity, chemical structure of water, season of the year, food structure and fish feeding), the change of qualitative and quantitative structure of carp parasite fauna.
Practical value: The results of the study of pathogene value of fish parasites entering the ponds with the plants, prove the necessity of the regular parasitological control of fish at all the stages of its breeding.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: practical recommendations for the preventive measures in the struggle against the pathogenes of the invasional fish deseases are introduced into the fish ponds of the Khorezm region and its economical profit is 3680000 sums (Acts of use in the production on May 6, 2003, and May 3, 2005).
Field of application: At the higher educational establishments, at the lectures and laboratory lessand, at the fish industries of the Republic.

Ushbu qo‘llanma malaka oshirish va qayta tayyorlash kursi tinglovchilari, baliqchilik fermer xo‘jaliklari mutaxassislari hamda magistrant va doktorantlar uchun mo‘ljallangan. Shuningdek veterinariya, zooinjeneriya fakulteti baliqchilik yo‘nalishi hamda ushbu yo‘nalishlarning sirtqi bo‘lim talabalari qo‘llanmadan unumli foydalanishi mumkin.

Bakterilogiya tekshirishlar faqat tirik baliqlarda o‘tkaziladi. Chunki o‘lgan baliqda mikroflora tez ko‘payib, kasallik qo‘zg‘atuvchisini aniqlash qiyinlashadi.

Tekshiriladigan material (a’zo yoki to‘qima. solinadigan idishlar (banka, kolba, probirka, petri kosachasi va hokazo) avtoklavda (1 atm. da 20 – 30 minut) yoki  qurutish shkafida (160 – 170 ^oC  1 – 1,5 soat) sterillanadi. Chelak, bidon, kastryullar sovunli suvda toza yuvilib, qaynoq suv bilan chayqab tashlanadi. Tirik baliqni solishdan oldin idish hovuz suvi bilan yoki artezian suvi bilan to‘ldiriladi.

Laboratoriyada olingan namunalar sun’iy oziqa muhitlarida (GPB va GPA) birlamchi ekish jarayoni o‘tkaziladi.

Dastlab baliqning jarohatlangan joylaridan (yara, absess va hokazo) olingan patologik material tekshiriladi. Yaralardan qirindi olishdan oldin ular fiziologik eritma bilan yuviladi. Material olinadigan joy kuydirilib, keyin Paster pipetkasi bilan suyuqlik olinadi. Ekish uchun   qon  yurakdan yoki dum arteriyasidan olinadi. Birinchi tomchi qon artib tashlanib, qolgan 2-3-tomchilar ozuqa muhitiga ekiladi.

Baliqlar denaturat spirt yoki 5 % li fenol bilan artib tozalangan taxtachalarda yorib ko‘riladi. Yorishdan oldin asboblar (skalpel, qaychi , pinsetlar va boshqalar) 30 minut qaynatiladi. Bakteriologik tekshiruv uchun material olinayotgan asboblar qo‘shimcha denaturat spirti bilan ho‘llanib kuydiriladi.

Bakteriologik tekshirish uchun ozuqa muhitiga yurak, taloq, buyrak va boshqa a’zolardan material olinib sun’iy oziqa muhitiga ekiladi. Namuna olinadigan joy avval qizdirilib, shpatel bilan kuydirilishi shart.

Bakteriyalar tomonidan chaqiriladigan kasallik qo‘zg‘atuvchilarini farqlash (identifikatsiya) maqsadida qo‘zg‘atuvchining morfologiyasi, harakatchanligi, kultural va bioximik xususiyatlari o‘rganiladi.

Oziqa muhitida o‘stirilgan mikroorganizmlarni tirik yoki fiksatsiyalangan holatda o‘rganish mumkin. Bunda bakteriyalarning shakli, tuzilishi, harakatchanligi aniqlanadi. Bu tekshiruvlarni yarmi suyuq yoki bosma ezilgan tomchi usulida ham o‘tkazish mumkin.

Fiksatsiyalangan surtmani tayyorlash uchun yog‘sizlantirilgan predmet oynachaga tekshiriluvchi material tomiziladi. Aylantirilib oynachaning barcha sathiga yupqa qilib yopiladi. Bosma surtmalar esa kesilgan a’zo yoki to‘qimalarga predmet oynachani bir necha marotaba bir tekkizib tayyorlanadi.

         Surtmalar havoda quritiladi, olovda yoki spirt – efirda (etil spirti + efir 1:1) 10min, spirtli formalinda (40 % - li formalin 5 ml, 96 % - li etil spirti 9,5 ml) – 15 min, atsetonda – 5 min, xloroformda – bir necha sekunda fiksatsiyalanadi.

         Quritilgan va fiksatsiyalangan surtmalar Gramm, Sil – Nilsen, Romanovskiy – Gimza, Mizin yoki boshqa usullar bilan bo‘yaladi. Bo‘yash usulini tanlashda kasallik to‘g‘risida anamnez, epizootologik ma’lumotlar, klinik belgilari hisobga olinadi.

         Masalan: Baliqning jabrasi, beli va dumida, suzgichlarida shilimshiq ko‘p bo‘lsa mikrobakteriozga tekshiruv o‘tkaziladi va sitofag - Agarli yoki Mijdi Petri kosachasida ekib bakteriya o‘stiriladi. Baliq kasaliklarining ko‘pgina qo‘zg‘atuvchilari go‘sht – peptonli muhitda yaxshi o‘sadi.

            Anaerob mikroblarni ajratishda oziqa muhitidan erigan kislorod olib tashlanadi. Buning uchun suyuq ozuqa muhitlari probirkaga solinib suv hammomchasida 10 min qaynatiladi yoki havoni vakuum nasosi bilan tortib olinadi.