EIJMRMS ISSN: 2750-8587
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ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF USE OF INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE GROWING OF
CITRUS FRUITS
Shovqi Kurbanov
Phd Student At Tashkent State University Of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
AB O U T ART I CL E
Key words:
Greenhouse, lemon growing, lemon
seedlings, trenches, semi-trench, simple two-layer
film of light construction, citrus, subtropical,
tropical plant.
Received:
06.06.2024
Accepted
: 11.06.2024
Published
: 16.06.2024
Abstract:
In this paper has been investigated
development of the lemon growing industry, the
technology of growing citrus fruits in trenches, the
duration of the growing season and the amount of
heat during this period in the dry subtropical
regions of Central Asia, Azerbaijan, Crimea and
Krasnodar Territory are related to the growth and
cultivation of citrus fruits, different types of
greenhouses for growing lemons in the Republic
weight of the area, distribution of different types
of greenhouses growing lemons by region,
problems of construction costs of a greenhouse
designed for growing lemons with a trench, semi-
trench and simple two-layer film technology on 1
hectare area are highlighted.
INTRODUCTION
The changes taking place in the world economy today, in all its aspects, primarily depend on the
formation and development of market relations. The development of the lemon industry is directly
related to the characteristics of agricultural production, such as seasonal production of lemon products,
problems in its cultivation, harvesting, storage, and delivery. In solving these problems, the importance
of deepening the production processes of marketable products in lemon cultivation is increasing.
By 2020, in order to further develop the lemon growing industry in the republic, expand the scope of
scientific research, increase the production of high-quality industrial and exportable lemons based on
the use of advanced and modern resource-saving technologies, and widely introduce state support
mechanisms by the decision PQ-4610 of February "On additional measures for the further development
of the lemon industry", the name of the "Lemon growers and exporters" association was changed to
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Pages: 53-58
EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
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"Citrus, subtropical and tropical plant growers and exporters" association, and the main goals and tasks
are clear. [1]
Technology of growing citrus fruits in trenches. In the dry subtropical regions of Central Asia,
Azerbaijan, Crimea and Krasnodar Territory, the length of the growing season and the amount of heat
during this period are sufficient for the growth and ripening of citrus fruits. However, winter is severe
in these lands. Air temperature in some years
It can drop to -20:-
30°С and the soil can freeze up to 20
-30 cm. In these regions, a method of growing
citrus crops in trenches has been developed. Cultivation of citrus in trenches is based on the use of heat
released from the soil and the ability of plants to tolerate full shade or weak light for a long time under
certain temperature conditions. The depth of the trenches depends on the climatic conditions of the
place. In this case, the necessary temperature for plants should be maintained due to the heat
released from the hot soil in the trenches. Trenches can be from 0.6 meters to 1.7-1.8 meters deep.
Shallow trenches with a depth of 0.6-0.8 meters are dug in regions where the cold does not drop below
-15-16
°С and the soil does not freeze deeply (Gelenzhik, Crimea). In such trenches, the royal family of
plants is grown in a land-giving way. It is precisely in these places (Crimea, Azerbaijan) that surface
trenches were established.[2]
METHODS
Technology of growing lemons in lemon groves and palaces. The southern subtropical regions of our
republic also have great prospects for growing citrus in lemon groves and palaces. Lemon groves and
palaces are also established in regions that produce good results, such as ditches.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Limonarium is also similar to trenches in many ways. But it is much wider than trenches. The depth of
lemonariums is 0.75 meters, the length is 25-30 meters, the width is 8 meters, the height to the beam is
3.5-4 meters, and from the wall to the roof is 1.5-1.8 meters.[3]
In the course of the research, the amount of existing greenhouse areas of different types, which are
active in lemon cultivation today, was analyzed. In particular, 82.8 percent of the total 1,655.5 hectares
of greenhouses are of light construction, that is, with a simple film method, 6.4 percent are glazed, 9.6
percent are Chinese (trench method), 1.2 percent are operating on the basis of modern technologies,
and in Table 1 we can see.
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Table-1
The area and weight of different types of lemon growing greenhouses in the Republic in 2022
Indicators
Total
greenhouses
Types of greenhouses
Foil (in the
usual way)
Playful
Chinese
technology
(trench
method)
Modern
technolog
y
Area of
greenhouses,
1655,5
1371,1
105,6
159,3
19,5
Weight relative to
the total, %
100,0
82,8
6,4
9,6
1,2
The results of the analysis and the data in the table show that the main share of greenhouses growing
lemons corresponds to greenhouses of the simple method with a film. Based on the above analysis, it
should also be noted that, taking into account the development trends of lemon cultivation, the average
growth rate of greenhouses built on the basis of modern technologies can be observed at a very low
level.[4]
Also, greenhouses in the most economically optimal construction of the Chinese technology (trench
method) introduced in our republic in the next 10-15 years have a share of 9.6 percent compared to the
total. It can be observed that this technology is widely used mainly in Fergana Valley (Kashkadarya
18.4%, Namangan 16.6%, Fergana 15.7%) and Kashkadarya provinces (17.8%). Table 2 shows the
regional distribution of different types of lemon growing greenhouses in our Republic as of 2022.
Table 2
Distribution of different types of greenhouses growing lemons in the Republic by regions as of
2022
Name of
territories
Total
Types of greenhouses (weight relative to the total, %)
area
of total%
Foil (in the
usual way)
Playful
Chinese
technology
(trench
method)
Modern
technolog
y
Karakalpaksta
n
Republic
10
0,6
84,2
9,7
3,6
2,4
Kashkadarya
157,2
9,5
76,4
5,2
18,4
-
Bukhara
52,8
3,2
83,8
5,2
9,5
1,5
Jizzakh
101,2
6,1
89,3
7,5
3,2
-
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Kashkadarya
171,7
10,4
77,5
4,2
17,8
0,5
Navoi
24
1,4
82,6
7,3
5,6
4,5
Namangan
228,1
13,8
78,3
5,1
16,6
-
Samarkand
178,9
10,8
83,3
6,8
7,8
2,1
Surkhandarya
293
17,7
84,0
6,4
9,6
-
Syr Darya
152,2
9,2
89,9
3,3
6,8
-
Tashkent
89,1
5,4
82,1
9,2
5,2
3,5
Ferghana
185,6
11,2
75,5
8,8
15,7
-
Khorezm
11,7
0,7
86,0
5,5
7,3
1,2
Total
1655,5
100,0
82,8
6,4
9,6
1,2
Lemon greenhouses built in a modern type often cover industrially developed areas.[5]
Results
According to the obtained results, it was possible to choose greenhouses of the most economically
acceptable construction based on the development trends of lemon cultivation.
There are three tried and tested methods of maintaining lemon plants without heating in winter, they
are trench, semi-trench, and a greenhouse (thermos) method consisting of a simple two-layer film with
a light construction. It is an effective and low-cost way to organize lemon cultivation in a trench, semi-
trench and a simple light construction two-layer film (thermos) technology. It is presented in Table 3.
Table 3
Costs of construction of a trench, semi-trench and simple two-layer film technology
greenhouse for growing lemons on 1 square meter (thousand soums)
№
Work to be done and supplies needed
Trench
Half a
ditch
Double layer film (thermos)
with simple light construction
1
Digging a 3x33 meter trench at a depth of 2
meters (100 m²)
1800
х
Х
2
The frame is made of ordinary wood (1
piece of 4 meters of 30 diameter, 35 pieces
in total)
350
х
Х
3
3 mm wire (30 kg)
600
х
Х
4
100 micron polyethylene film (10 kg)
250
х
Х
5
2 young lemon seedlings (16 pieces)
480
х
Х
6
Heating costs (gas, electricity)
-
х
Х
7
Fertilization and chemical treatment
220
х
Х
8
Other expenses
100
х
Х
Total costs
3800
х
Х
1
Digging a 6x17 meter trench at a depth of 1
meter (100 m²)
х
1800
X
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№
Work to be done and supplies needed
Trench
Half a
ditch
Double layer film (thermos)
with simple light construction
2
The frame is made of ordinary wood (1
piece of 4 meters of 30 diameter, 70 pieces
in total)
х
700
Х
3
3 mm wire (40 kg)
х
800
Х
4
100 micron polyethylene film (15 kg)
х
375
Х
5
Raw clay bricks (510 pieces)
х
51
Х
6
2 young lemon seedlings (16 pieces)
х
480
Х
7
Heating costs (gas, electricity)
х
-
Х
8
Fertilization and chemical treatment
х
220
Х
9
Other expenses
х
100
Х
Total costs
х
4476
Х
1
Making iron structures
х
х
4700
columns (angle 50 mm), 90 meters
х
х
2250
frame and truss (rebar 14 mm), 120 meters
х
х
1620
labor costs
х
х
800
2
The frame is made of ordinary wood (1
piece of 4 meters of 30 diameter, 70 pieces
in total)
х
х
700
3
3 mm wire (40 kg)
х
х
800
4
1.5 liter container (100 pieces)
х
х
-
5
100 micron polyethylene film (40 kg)
х
х
1000
6
Heating costs (gas, electricity)
х
х
-
7
Heating costs (gas, electricity
х
х
870
8
Fertilization and chemical treatment
х
х
220
9
Other expenses
х
х
100
Total costs
х
х
8360
The costs incurred for the establishment of 1 hectare of lemon grove can be further reduced, taking into
account the internal capabilities of the farmer.
Increasing the productivity of lemons mainly consists of the correct selection of the variety, the correct
organization of agrotechnical activities and the protection of trees from frost in the winter season.
Caring for lemons in trenches completely solves the problem of keeping them from the cold.
It is known that greenhouses cannot be implemented all at once. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out
step by step the territorial location of the greenhouse and their specialization according to the
technology of the construction that is the most economically acceptable.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, we can say that in order to ensure the sustainable development of the lemon growing
industry, it is appropriate to select greenhouses of the most economically optimal construction based
on the development trends of lemon growing. This, in turn, increases the level of use of intensive
EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
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technologies of lemon cultivation, increases the income of the rural population, uses the land effectively,
and as a result, increases the standard of living of the country's population.
In conclusion, we can say that in order to ensure the sustainable development of the lemon growing
industry, it is appropriate to select greenhouses of the most economically optimal construction based
on the development trends of lemon growing. This, in turn, increases the level of use of intensive
technologies of lemon cultivation, increases the income of the rural population, uses the land effectively,
and as a result, increases the standard of living of the country's population.
REFERENCES
1.
Sh.M. Mirziyoev. The decision of February 19, 2020 "On additional measures to further develop the
citrus industry".
2.
Raldugina S.N., Kulyan R.V. A brief overview of the mandarin fruit group (tangerine, tangerine,
clementine) and some of its branches. Subtropical and decorative gardening. 20 st.
3.
V.M.Gorshkov, A.V. Ryndin. Spetsifika prirodnykh usloviy i osobennosti citrusovodstva v
subtropicakh Rossii.
4.
G.Sh. Kaliakparova. Tendentsii razvitiya citrusovodstva v respublike Kazakhstan. Problemy
agrorynka, No. 4, 2021.
5.
Mr.Liu.Xinlu. The Past, Present, and Future of China's Citrus Industry. Cultivation of citrus fruit
plants. "Agrobank" ATB - 2021.
