No. 07 (2025) Volume - V Issue - VII

Water has always been the thread holding societies together yet only about 0.5 % of Earth’s water is accessible as fresh water. Climate change is making the water cycle more volatile, extreme droughts and floods are increasing. According to the United Nations World Water Development Report 2024, 2.2 billion people still lack safely managed drinking water, 3.5 billion lack safely managed sanitation and roughly half of the global population faces severe water scarcity for at least part of the year (Nations, 2024). In countries with “extremely high” water stress, water withdrawals exceed 80 % of annual renewable supplies (Nations, 2024). In Uzbekistan, total renewable water resources average 48.87 billion m³/year, of which 84 % comes from surface water and most of it flows from upstream countries. Water withdrawals reach 1527.6 m³ per capita per year (≈49.95 billion m³/year) and 80 % of surface water inflows originate outside the country (Bank, 2024). At the same time, vehicle ownership is soaring, by January 2024 more than 4 million vehicles were registered, a 23 % increase in two years and about 98 cars per 1 000 people (Agency, 2024). This growth fuels demand for carwash services that consume hundreds of liters of potable water per vehicle and generate wastewater rich in surfactants, oils, solids, nutrients and microbes. The article reviews global water scarcity, Uzbekistan’s water challenges, pollution from Carwash stations and available water reuse technologies. This article reflects on global water resource issues, zooming in on the case of Uzbekistan, where the rapid growth in the number of vehicles brings new pressures. As more and more cars appear on the roads, so does the demand for water to wash them and with it, a growing stream of polluted wastewater. The article explores just how serious this pollution can be, and how modern treatment technologies that allow for the reuse of carwash effluents might play a crucial role. Not just in saving fresh water, but in supporting broader goals of environmental protection and sustainable development.

Thermoluminescence is a phenomenon observed in some materials when they are exposed to ionizing radiation and subsequently heated, thereby releasing light energy, as a result of the transition of electrons trapped at or near defect centers from metastable states to the conduction band. Thereafter, the relaxed electrons recombine with hole vacancies in defect centers associated with an allowed energy gap between the conduction band and the defect center. The light emitted is of varying magnitudes at different temperatures as some deep trap metastable levels are sequentially filled, emptied and emptied again during the heating process. The sequence of detrapping and recombination topography is a function of trap depth and energy gap size. The presence of trap levels within the forbidden energy gap of insulators or semiconductors, are associated with defect centers which arise from impurity ions or vacancies, whether stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric. The TL response has been used to investigate the nature of defect centers and therefore defect center chemistry in a wide variety of materials including those used as insulators in semiconductor and electronic devices, luminescent materials, phosphors, dosimeters, catalysts, thermoelectric materials, pigments, high-temperature superconductors and phase change materials.

This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of the global transition towards electric vehicles (EVs) on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) operating within Thailand's automotive parts industry. As a significant automotive manufacturing hub, Thailand faces both opportunities and challenges in adapting to this paradigm shift from traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with key stakeholders from automotive parts SMEs, industry associations, and government bodies to explore their awareness, perceived challenges, adaptation strategies, and opportunities arising from the EV transition. The findings reveal that while many SMEs recognize the inevitability of the shift, they face significant hurdles related to technological obsolescence, the need for substantial investment in new production capabilities, skill gaps in their workforce, and intense competition. Conversely, opportunities exist in developing new EV-specific components, leveraging government incentives, and forming strategic partnerships. This study underscores the critical need for targeted policy support, capacity building, and collaborative initiatives to enable Thai automotive parts SMEs to successfully navigate the EV transition, ensuring their sustained competitiveness and contribution to the national economy.

The Fergana Valley is considered one of the biodiversity hotspots for monocotyledons, including the species of Tulipa L. The presence of 8 red-listed species in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan clearly testifies to this. This article provides data on the current state of populations, phytogeography, and the impact of anthropogenic factors on populations of Tulipa scharipovii Tojibaev that is included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as Endangered (EN) and recognized as an endemic species of flora of Uzbekistan, as well as measures for its conservation.

In today's globalization and competition, corporate social responsibility has become not only a social duty for companies, but also a strategic advantage. Corporate social responsibility is a company's focus on factors such as environmental, social and human rights in its activities, which reflects its responsibility to customers, investors and society. This study analyzes the role of CSR in shaping a company's reputation, its importance in strengthening customer trust and its impact on the effectiveness of the company's activities. It is also emphasized that a positive Corporate Social Responsibility policy increases the company's brand value, expands its loyal customer base and serves long-term financial stability. Especially against the backdrop of today's environmental and social problems, corporate responsibility is in the public eye. Based on the results of the study, recommendations are given for companies to form an effective strategy.

The topic "Social participation in crypto markets and its impact on society" is directly related to modern technologies, financial innovations and digital assets, and studies the social, economic and cultural consequences of the active participation of members of society in crypto markets. Within the framework of this topic, the perception of crypto currencies and blockchain technologies among the general public, their impact on social equality, financial inclusion and information literacy are analyzed. Also, special attention is paid to the new professions and sources of income that have arisen as a result of participation in crypto markets, the role of young people and technologically advanced groups. The article aims to analyze the positive and negative social consequences of crypto finance in a balanced way.

This article is dedicated to analyzing advanced approaches in temporal modeling and real-time gesture recognition within sign language recognition (SLR) systems. Sign glosses are expressed through the spatio-temporal characteristics of visual information, which requires the use of sequence-processing models for their automatic recognition. The study primarily evaluates the effectiveness of three key models: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN), and Transformer-based architectures.

The article also examines methods applied for real-time analysis of sign glosses, including:

Sliding window segmentation of video streams;

Self-attention mechanisms for identifying dependencies between gestures;

Gloss mapping algorithms for linking sign movements to linguistic units;

Ontological integration techniques for enhancing semantic accuracy.

Practical results indicate that combining temporal modeling with semantic analysis and contextual verification algorithms ensures continuous and high-accuracy recognition of sign movements. In particular, multimodal systems (video + sensor + gloss) utilizing Transformer-based approaches achieved superior performance in real-time conversion of continuous sign gloss streams into text.

The findings of this study hold practical significance for the development of smart assistive devices for automatic sign language translation, interactive interfaces for hearing-impaired users, and specialized SLR platforms for educational and instructional purposes.