EIJMRMS ISSN: 2750-8587
VOLUME04 ISSUE09
39
REACTION OF LYMPHOID TISSUE IN THE WALL OF THE DUODENUM AND LYMPHOID
PLAQUE IN RATS IN MODELING HYPOKINESIA
Salomov Shokhabbos Nozimjon ugli
Student of Andijan State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
AB O U T ART I CL E
Key words:
Hypokinesia, duodenum, lymphoid
tissue, lymphocytopoiesis, lymphoid (Peyer's)
patch.
Received:
20.09.2024
Accepted
: 25.09.2024
Published
: 30.09.2024
Abstract:
The damaging effect of hypokinesia on
the functional state of lymphoid tissue in the wall
of the duodenum and on the lymphoid plaque was
established. It was found that the processes of cell
destruction, suppression of the plasma reaction
and blast transformation of cells are most
pronounced in the wall of the duodenum. In the
lymphoid plaque, along with a high level of
destructive processes in lymphoid cells,
lymphocytopoiesis is preserved in the centers of
proliferation of lymphoid nodules and the
proportion of plasma cells increases in the
internodal zone, which indicates the development
of compensatory processes under the long-term
influence of hypokinesia.
INTRODUCTION
In modern society, hypokinesia has become the main problem associated with a sharp decrease in
human motor activity [1]. Hypokinesia also occupies a special place in conditions of weightlessness
during space flight [2]. It is known that the effect of hypokinesia, including in conditions of
weightlessness, leads to a redistribution of blood and a change in the pressure of fluids in the div [3].
At the same time, a decrease in the weight load on the supporting structures, on the muscular system
and a change in the regulation of the neuroendocrine system are noted [4]. A complex of such disorders
is accompanied by a change in all physiological functions in the div [2]. At the same time, the reaction
of the immunogenesis organs of the animal organism under conditions of hypokinesia has been least
studied. At the same time, it is known that it is the state of the immune system that characterizes and
ensures the stable functioning of the div under the influence of various external factors [3].
VOLUME04 ISSUE09
https://doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-04-09-06
Pages: 39-42
EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
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ISSN: 2750-8587
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Information on the influence of hypokinesia on the state of the organs of immunogenesis is isolated and
does not reveal the full scope of the issue [4].
MАTЕRIАLS АND MЕTHОDS
Results of the study. Sections of the duodenum and lymphoid plaques isolated in the wall of the ileum
were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin. Histological sections of the
organ 4-
5 μm thick were stained with hematoxylin and eo
sin, according to the methods of Mallory and
van Gieson. All cells found in the lymphoid tissue in the wall of the duodenum - in the intestinal villi,
between the intestinal crypts and in the proper plate of the mucous membrane - were taken into
account. In the lymphoid plaque, cytoarchitecture was analyzed in the centers of proliferation of
lymphoid nodules, which are the zone of maturation and differentiation of B cells, which are an
indicator of the state of humoral immunity, as well as in the internodal zone - the zone of accumulation
and maturation of T cells regulating cellular immunity. Analysis of the cellular composition in the
studied sections of the small intestine was performed on a standard histological section area of 880 μm²
using the method of Stefanov S.B. [2]. Quantitative results of the cellular composition were processed
statistically. The reliability of differences in mean values was assessed at p ≤ 0.95.
RЕSULTS АND DISСUSSIОN
In intact rats, the highest accumulation of lymphocytes was found in the wall of the duodenum between
the intestinal crypts (48.7%) and an equal amount in the villus and in the proper plate of the mucous
membrane (40.0% and 39.2%). Most of the plasma cells (31.2%) were noted at the border with the
intestinal lumen, which is associated with an active antigenic effect at the points of contact with food
masses. Between the crypts, these cells were found in minimal quantities (4.1%). Along with lymphoid
cells, in the structural zones of the wall of the duodenum there are from 4.0% to 5.5% of cells in a state
of destruction, as well as macrophages (from 1.8% to 2.6%). In addition to these cells, a significant
proportion of eosinophils (11.0%) was found between the crypts and the least of these cells were found
in the villus (1.6%).
In intact rats, the lymphoid (Peyer's) patch in the ileum wall consists of lymphoid nodules with wide
proliferation centers separated by internodal zones. In the proliferation centers of lymphoid nodules,
the main proportion of cells is made up of poorly differentiated cells (34.88%), among which large
lymphocytes predominate and blasts are found in somewhat smaller numbers (19.95% and 14.93%,
respectively). Cells with mitotic patterns are also present (4.27%), which, along with poorly
differentiated cells, indicates an active level of lymphocytopoiesis and blast transformation of cells in
EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
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ISSN: 2750-8587
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the proliferation centers of nodules in intact animals. In the studied structure of the lymphoid plaque,
the content of lymphocytes (medium and small) is 1.6 times less than that of young cell forms. At the
same time, plasma cells are present, mainly mature (antidiv-producing) plasma cells (4.61%). In the
centers of nodule proliferation, destructively altered and destroyed cells (12.48%) and half as many
macrophages, constituting 6.30%, were detected.
СОNСLUSIОN
These data indicate that after the effect of hypokinesia, the lymphoid tissue of the duodenum is most
vulnerable to this effect and is a kind of "target zone" where the damaging effect of its functional activity
is most noticeable. However, in the lymphoid plaque, the most pronounced processes of suppression of
functional activity affect the centers of reproduction of lymphoid nodules. In them, after the effect of
hypokinesia, cells with mitosis patterns and young forms of cells are preserved, the content of which
decreases sharply, which indicates a decrease in the activity of lymphocytopoiesis and leads to the
suppression of the maturation of B-cells regulating humoral immunity. At the same time, in the
internodal zone of the lymphoid plaque, the plasmatic reaction is enhanced and the influx and
maturation of poorly differentiated cells is preserved, which characterizes the compensatory
maintenance of humoral and cellular immunity in the organ. It has been established that under the
influence of hypokinesia, the lymphoid (immune) tissue in the walls of the small intestine undergoes
changes that characterize the depletion of its functional activity, which indicates a decrease in the
protective immunological barrier both in the walls of the organ and in the div as a whole. Considering
the systemic nature of the reaction of the lymphatic system of the div, one can assume the functional
insufficiency of all organs of immunogenesis and the possibility of developing an immunodeficiency
state in rats after exposure to hypokinesia.
RЕFЕRЕNСЕS
1.
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collection of materials of the 2nd Rus. Conf. on Pathophysiology with international participation
"Pathophysiology of organs and systems. Typical pathological processes". Moscow, 2012, p. 334
2.
Gazenko O.G. Foresight in the birth of scientific ideas. In the collection of materials of the 2nd Rus.
Conf. on Pathophysiology with international participation "Pathophysiology of organs and systems.
Typical pathological processes". Moscow, 2010, pp. 334-335.
3.
Garunova K.A., Grigorenko D.E., Aminova G.G. Reaction of mesenteric lymph nodes in modeling
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EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
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4.
Grigorenko D.E., Erofeeva L.M., Korolkov V.I. Inguinal lymph nodes of monkeys under the influence
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