European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
and Management Studies
84
https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijmrms
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
84-87
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
22 October 2024
ACCEPTED
24 December 2024
PUBLISHED
25 January 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Basalt and Different Fillers
Used for Polymers
Anora Jumayeva
Associate professor, Karshi engineering- economics institute, Uzbekistan
Ma’mura Dustmurodova
Assistant, Karshi engineering- economics institute, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
Localization of fillers added to polymeric
materials is considered one of the urgent issues in
Japan. Localization of fillers makes it possible to reduce
costs in the construction of industrial enterprises by up
to 30% and reduce the production time of polymer
composite products by up to 2 times, increase labor
productivity by several times and, accordingly, reduce
the cost of finished products by optimizing jobs. The
unrepeatable rich composition of basalt ore leads to an
increase in its field of use. This gives scientists the task
of creating new technologies by making changes to
traditional technologies that are theoretically and
practically important in production. Among these tasks,
the development of technologies for using local raw
materials - natural basalt as a filler for polymers - is of
particular importance.Currently, scientific research is
being conducted in the world to increase
thermostability of polymer composite materials,
tolerance to aggressive environments, increase shelf
life, improve physical and mechanical properties, and
study the effect of fillers added to these properties. In
this regard, it is necessary to expand the capabilities of
materials for long-term and extreme conditions. Special
attention is paid to natural basalt and reinforcing fillers.
Keywords:
Inorganic fillers, glass fibers, asbestos,
monocrystalline fibers of oxides, inorganic fillers in
powder form.
Introduction:
Inorganic fillers
: Available in fiber or powder form.
Inorganic fillers used in fiber form include fiberglass,
asbestos, and wollastonite. Fillers used in powder form
include kaolin, talc, metal oxides (TiO, ZnO, Fe2O3, etc.)
and salts (CaCO3, etc.).
European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
and Management Studies
85
https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijmrms
European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies
Glass fibers
: Glass fibers are mainly used as reinforcing
fillers in polymer composites due to their chemical and
thermal resistance, low relative elongation and high
strength. Products made from glass wool (based on
glass fibers), glass textolite (made from glass fabric) are
used in various industries.
Asbestos
: A fibrous filler consisting of a mixture of
magnesium and calcium silicates. The advantage of
asbestos as a filler is that it combines the high
temperature and water resistance of inorganic
materials with the strength of organic fibers. In the
field of plastics, asbestos is used to obtain more
frictional (friction) materials. In recent times, it is being
tried to replace asbestos with other fillers as much as
possible because it is harmful to human health.
In recent years, the demand for materials based on
polymer composite materials (PCM) has been
increasing day by day. The reason for this is that PCMs
are competitive with metals. Because today, there are
opportunities to reinforce PCMs by adding various
additives that increase their strength, that is, increase
their mechanical strength and toughness several
times. Also, the price of polymers is much cheaper than
metal. This, in turn, naturally leads to an increase in the
demand and needs for PCMs.
It is known from scientific sources that natural basalt,
which is available in the territory of our republic, is
used as an additive to PCMs [1]. Currently, natural
basalt is crushed in devices of various designs and
produced in powder, fibrous, granular and other
forms. When using such basalt in PCMs, the resulting
composite material becomes a reinforced structural
polymer material. The main factors determining their
physical and mechanical properties are: the strength of
the polymer material and the structure of the surface
of the reinforcing fiber; the physicochemical processes
occurring in it, as well as the mechanical and
physicochemical properties of the polymer matrix
(binder); interphase adhesive bonds at the “fiber
-
binder” boundary; basalt fiber is formed by the
orientation processes of the polymer composition [2,
3]. The reinforcing fibers of PCMs are basalt fibers,
which are considered one of the promising raw
materials for the production of structural composite
materials. Since they provide the opportunity to
produce inexpensive and environmentally friendly
products with complex properties [4]. In addition, the
properties of such materials are significantly affected
by technological factors: methods of obtaining
structural
composite
materials,
technological
parameters for obtaining products from them -
pressure, temperature, molding time, etc. Especially in
the production of structural composite products with
large external dimensions, it is advisable to use basalt
fibers with a diameter of 7-
15 μm [5]. This is because the
products produced are distinguished by their unique
physical and mechanical properties, namely their high
tensile strength and very low elongation at break.
Now, let’s understand the basalt formation at various
locations:
Place 1: At oceanic divergent borders. We can find most
of Earth’s basalt at the tectonic plate boundaries in the
ocean that forms a global ridge system in the middle of
the ocean. The convection currents in the mantle pass
hot molten magma to the.
Earth’s crust via eruptions on the seabed, the
refore,
forming large landscapes of pillow-shaped basalt after
cooling down. However, since these activities occur far
away from human observation/view, we find that
seismic readings are the only way of monitoring such
basalt flow.
Place 2: Oceanic hotspots In a similar process, we
discussed above, the oceanic hotspots are known to
produce huge amounts of basalt. The magma flow at
any one spot can burst anytime, and continuous lava
flow at such locations may slowly accumulate to
become an island.
Place 3: Continental volcanic activity. Dark basalt (a
basalt type) is formed inland, it mostly comes from large
vents and fissures that deposit large amounts of basaltic
lava to the surface of the Earth. These eruptions
continue for a long period or a time, which ultimately
result in vertical stacks or columns.
Place 4: Basalt rock cycle The basalt rock cycle is a
process that commences over a time-a period of
millions of years. All the basaltic magma is pulled out of
the mantle to the Earth’s crust because convect
ion
currents are continually pushed away from the fissures
because of the new magma flow.
Finally, over a period of many years (millions of years),
the older basalt crust slowly sinks back into the magma,
ending its cycle where it began or started its
formations.Properties of BasaltLet’s discuss some
physical properties of basalt:Rock Hardness Rock
Hardness property is usually measured to determine the
compressive fracture strength, to determine whether a
rock is a soft rock or a hard rock. The rock hardness of
basalt is 6 as per the Mohs scale and can be observed
through a combination of its compressive strength.
Generally, 100-300 Mpa or Megapascal is the
compressive strength. Its tensile strength is10-30 Mpa,
and its shear strength is 20-60 Mpa, which denotes that
depending on the mineral makeup, basalt rocks fall in
the category of a strong
–
very strong. Rock hardness
property is common among the densest, fine-grained
textured rocks, such as basalt.DensityThe density of
European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
and Management Studies
86
https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijmrms
European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies
basalt is very high, the density of basalt can be seen
through the combination of the porosity of the rock,
i.e., 0.1
–
1% and its bulk density is 2.8
–
3 Mg aka
megagram per meter cube; It is because about 50 per
cent of basalt is made of silica.Basalt rocks are mainly
composed of pyroxene olivine and plagioclase, these
rocks are rich in Magnesium and iron.
The most porphyritic minerals in basalt rocks are augite
and olivine. Basaltic lavas are pumiceous and
spongy.These stocks can be categorized into two parts
in terms of petrographic basis Alkali basalts- that
contain olivine.Tholetiic basalts are basalts without
olivine.Use of Basalt uses during Ancient Times during
the ancient period of the Roman Empire, engineers
employed basalt for discovering roads, and also to
make seats in areas of public performances viz:
stadiums and amphitheatres. Basalt rocks were also
widely employed in mills for grinding purposes. The
Rosetta
Stone
is
also
formed
of
basalt.
ConstructionThere are several uses of this rock in
construction. For instance, crushed basalt is used in
making the base for roads and pavements, as a part of
concrete mixtures for constructing railroads, and as
filter stones in drainage projects. The rock is also
employed in slabs and sheets to create tiles, bricks, and
other stone objects for constructing buildings and large
monuments. AgricultureMany farmers and gardeners
employ basalt rock dust fertilizer because it is good for
increasing the growth of plants while making it tough
for weeds to spread in flowerbeds or other unwanted
growing areas. Industrial ManufactureThe tensile
strength of basalt is quite high, it is much greater than
carbon fibre/fibreglass. Therefore, melted composites
of the basalt rock are employed for manufacturing
pipes and rebars that are used in the construction of
wind turbine blades.Other uses Basalt rocks are used
for construction purposes of buildings, blocks or are
also used in the groundwork.
REFERENCES
Jumaeva A.A., S.Sh. Lutfullaev. Basalt
–
As a filler for
polymer materials. Collection of materials of the
international scientific and practical conference on the
topic "Importance of innovative technologies in solving
current problems in the processing of chemical, food
and chemical technology products". Namangan.
November 23-24, 2021. 174-176 p.
Jumaeva A.A., Dostmrodova M.F. Modified Basalt with
Completed Polyvinyl Chloride Physical-Mechanical
Analysis of Samples Based on Their Composition.
Journal of Mechanical Enineering Vol: 1, No 3, 2024,
Page: 1-7
Davron Hamidov, Normurod Fayzullayev, Sadoqat
Namozova, Ra‘no Norboyeva, Gulnoza Tursunova,
Chinigul Bobilova, M
a’mura Do‘stmurodova, and Sardor
Samiyev.
Fundamental
insights
into
propane
aromatization: understanding the essential principles.
BIO Web of Conferences 130, 06001 (2024)
https;//doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20241006001.
Jumaeva A.A., Lutfullaev S.Sh. Dispersed fiber basalt as
a filler for polymer composites. Sbornik trudov
mejdunarodnoy nauchno-technicheskoy conference
"Paradigmy and modern chemical-physical technology:
traditional and innovative approaches" Yangier-2022.
85-86 p.
Jumaeva A.A., Lutfullaev S.Sh. Mesto basalta segodnya.
Sbornik trudov mejdunarodnoy nauchno-technicheskoy
conference "Paradigmy and modern chemical-physical
technology: traditional and innovative approaches"
Yangier-2022. 118 p.
Jumaeva A.A., Use of basalt as a filler for polymers.
Problems and prospects of innovative techniques and
technologies in agriculture and food industry.
International
scientific
and
scientific-technical
conference. Tashkent. 23.04.22; 24.04.22 p. 120-122.
Jumaeva A.A., New fillers for polymeric composite
materials. Problems and prospects of innovative
techniques and technologies in agriculture and food
industry. International scientific and scientific-technical
conference. Tashkent. 23.04.22; 24.04.22. 296-298 p.
Jumaeva A.A., Lutfullev S.Sh. Using a natural basalt as a
filler. International scientific and educational electronic
journal "Education and science in the XXI century".
Vypusk, #22 (volume 4) (January, 2022) Moscow. 331-
334 p.
Jumaeva
A.A.,
Lutfullev
S.Sh.,
Madiev
R,
Abdurakhmanov A. Deformation-strength properties of
PVC compositions filled with modified basalt. Solutions
and prospects of practical implementation of innovative
developments in the field of chemistry and chemical
technology. Scientific and practical conference of the
Republic. Against-26.04.2023; 27.04.2023. P.204-205.
Jumaeva
A.A.,
Lutfullev
S.Sh.,
Madiev
R,
Abdurakhmanov A. Basalt composites as an innovative
universal material. Solutions and prospects of practical
implementation of innovative developments in the field
of chemistry and chemical technology. Scientific and
practical conference of the Republic. Against-
26.04.2023; 27.04.2023. S. 301-303.
Kadykova Yu.A., Bredykhin P.A., Arzamastsev S.V.,
Kalganova
S.G.
Kompleksno-modifitsirovannye
basaltoplastiki
//
Vestnik
Voronezhskogo
gosudarstvennogo
universiteta
injenernykh
tekhnologiiy. - 2018. - T. 80.
–
No. 2 (76). - S. 297-301.
Tojiev P.J., Normurodov B.A., Turaev Kh.Kh., Djalilov
A.T., Nurkulov F.N. Izuchenie physico-mechanical
European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
and Management Studies
87
https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijmrms
European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies
properties of basalt soderjashchih polyethylene
composites // Journal "Composition materials". - 2017.
- No. 4. - S. 66-69.
Tojiev P.J., Normurodov B.A., Turaev Kh.Kh., Djalilov
A.T., Nurkulov F.N. Izuchenie thermostoykosti
kompositov na osno polietilena, armirovannogo
basaltovym volknom // Jurnal «Kompozitsionnye
materialy» -2018. - #1. - S.62-65.
Kuleznev V.N., Shershnev V.A. Chemistry and physics of
polymers: uchebnoe posobie dlya studentsov vuzov,
obuchayushchixsya po napravleniyu "Khimicheskaya
technology" / Izd. 3-e, ex. - St. Petersburg: Lan, 2014. -
367 p.
Djalilov A.T., Tojiev P.J., Normurodov B.A., Turaev
H.Kh., Nurkulov F.N. Effect of fillers on thermal
properties of polymers // Journal "Doklady Akademii
nauk Respubliki Uzbekistan". - 2018. - #2. -S.99-102.
