European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
and Management Studies
120
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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
120-123
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
21 December 2024
ACCEPTED
23 January 2025
PUBLISHED
25 February 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue02 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
What Is A Ceramic Metal
Crown
Ravshanov Rustam Burkhan ugli
Clinic Resident of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Samarkand
State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Khojimuradov Burkhan Ravshanovich
Assistant Department of orthopedic dentistry, Samarkand State Medical
University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
A few decades ago, it was difficult to combine
reliability and aesthetics in dental prosthetics. Crowns
made of dental and precious alloys were installed on the
molars. Metal with plastic coating was used as a budget
material for the smile area. For more expensive
prosthetics
–
beautiful but fragile porcelain is used. Gold
dentures on the front teeth were considered a valid
option, although they age a person by at least 10 years.
Keywords:
Dental prosthetics, plastic coating, expensive
prosthetics.
Introduction:
A few decades ago, it was difficult to
combine reliability and aesthetics in dental prosthetics.
Crowns made of dental and precious alloys were
installed on the molars. Metal with plastic coating was
used as a budget material for the smile area. For more
expensive prosthetics
–
beautiful but fragile porcelain is
used. Gold dentures on the front teeth were considered
a valid option, although they age a person by at least 10
years.
Thanks to the invention of metal ceramics, it became
possible to combine strength and aesthetics in one
material. The metal frame gives the structure strength,
and the ceramic coating makes the crown as close in
appearance as possible to a natural human tooth.
The process of manufacturing a ceramic metal crown
takes place in several stages:
1. A metal base is cast. Most often made of chromium-
nickel alloy, but it is possible to use precious materials.
2. Layers of ceramic mass are applied from above,
followed by firing. The first layers overlap the gray color
of the metal. The subsequent ones create a natural
shade of enamel, which is selected individually
according to the color palette. Ceramic layers are
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applied so that the cutting edge of the crown has a
transparency similar to the natural one.
3. The final stage is coating the finished product with
glaze. It has protective and aesthetic functions, giving
the surface a polished sheen.
The third stage is performed after the final fitting of the
prosthesis "on the patient".
Pros and cons of a ceramic metal crown
Positive
The prosthesis is characterized by wear resistance and
durability
–
it perfectly withstands chewing, does not
wear off over time, and its color does not change. The
service life of such structures is 10-15 years.
The ceramic coating looks like natural enamel. It is
possible to select the color that is as close as possible
to the natural shade of the patient's teeth.
If a small ceramic chip occurs, its restoration is possible
directly in the patient's mouth with light-curing
materials. In fact, metal ceramics are "sealed".
The cost of a ceramic-metal crown made of chromium-
nickel alloy is relatively low.
Minuses
The most significant disadvantage is the rather large
thickness of the entire cap. It consists of a metal
thickness (from 0.3 mm) and a ceramic layer (about 0.8
mm). On average, the wall of the prosthesis is 1.1
–
1.5
mm. Therefore, the tooth for such a crown needs to be
sharpened on all sides by the same 1.1
–
1.5 mm, and
this is quite a lot. Severe stitching of hard tissues
imposes certain restrictions on the prosthetics process.
There are also some disadvantages in terms of
aesthetics.
Human enamel is translucent, and the ceramic coating,
when applied to metal, loses its transparency.
Therefore, the prosthesis has a good, but not perfect
appearance. For example, crowns made of pressed
ceramics or zirconium dioxide are close to enamel not
only in color, but also in the degree of transparency.
The second aesthetic disadvantage is the exposure of
the metal base when the gum subsides over time. This
defect does not always occur, but it is still not so rare.
The base metal frame has a low allergenicity, but in rare
cases it can cause allergic reactions. It can also be
oxidized by saliva.
Indications and contraindications
The installation of a ceramic metal crown is indicated in
such cases:
• Significant destruction of the patient's natural crown.
In this case, the artificial crown performs a protective
and aesthetic function.
• Prosthetics on
an implant or a stump tab.
• Defects in the anterior and anterolateral sections of
the patient's dentition.
• Allergy to plastics.
Contraindications:
• Prosthetics for children and adolescents.
• Increased tooth wear.
• Low, shallow, flat and thin
-walled natural crowns. In
these cases, it is impossible to cut the hard tissues of the
tooth to the thickness of the metal-ceramic cap.
• The need to fill in large gaps when installing a bridge
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(from 3-4 units). In this case, a heavy load on the
"bridge" can lead to ceramic chips.
• Some malocclusion.
The question of the need for tooth depulpation is
decided by the doctor.
Is it possible to put metal-ceramic crowns on the front
teeth?
Patients often ask this question. The answer is yes, this
type of prosthesis is universal. It can be installed on any
unit of the dentition
–
incisors, molars and premolars.
Types of metal-ceramic crowns
They are mainly classified based on which materials are
used in the manufacture of the base.:
1. On base-value alloys. This is the most common type
of product. It has a relatively low cost. However, the
disadvantages described above relate specifically to
this type of structure.
2. Gold ceramics. It is made on the basis of gold and its
alloys. The golden frame does not oxidize, does not
cause allergies. It has a longer service life. A smaller
number of ceramic layers must be applied to the base,
since even slightly shining through the ceramic coating,
gold gives a natural yellowish, rather than a gray-bluish
hue. As a result, the gold-ceramic cap is thinner, which
means it requires less teeth grinding. The fit on the
tooth is more accurate
–
the gap between the base of
the crown and the tooth is about 50 microns. For
ordinary metal ceramics
–
100 microns. The
disadvantage is the high price. It is 2 times higher than
that of the base alloy construction.
3. Titanium base. It is an absolutely biocompatible
metal
–
it does not cause allergies and does not oxidize.
Lightweight, which is important in the manufacture of
extended bridge-like structures. When prosthetics are
performed on titanium implants, it is fully compatible
with them. Minus titanium is quite difficult to work
with, and also requires the use of specialized ceramics
during coating. The price of titanium cermets is also
relatively high.
A good option is metal ceramics with a solid porcelain
edge (shoulder mass). When the gum subsides in such a
prosthesis, the metal edge will never be exposed. This
technology is more complex and requires special skills
from a dental technician.
The stages of prosthetic installation
They differ slightly depending on the type of prosthetics,
but are generally similar.
If a crown is placed on the tooth, the orthopedist
evaluates the need for its depulpation. If it is needed,
the patient seals the channels at the dentist-therapist,
then returns to the orthopedist, who performs tooth
sharpening.
Then a cast of the patient's jaw is taken and sent to a
dental laboratory, where a crown is made. Then the
orthopedist adjusts it directly in the patient's mouth,
and sends it for glazing. The final stage is the installation
of the prosthesis on a special cement.
In prosthetics based on a stump insert, the process is
similar to the previous one, only a metal stump insert
serves as a "ground tooth".
The installation of a crown is the final stage of implant
–
based prosthetics.
Before making it, an impression is also taken
–
digitally
(by scanning) or a classic one, using a solidifying plastic
mass. The crown is fixed to the abutment using cement
or screws.
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European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies
Care of a metal-ceramic prosthesis
Cermets require the same hygiene as natural teeth.
Dentures are cleaned 2 times a day. However, do not
use abrasive or bleaching pastes that can damage the
ceramic coating.
Dentists recommend using an irrigator, which will
carefully remove food residues in the interdental
spaces. You need to use it 2-3 times a week.
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