European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
and Management Studies
92
https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijmrms
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
92-96
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
20 February 2025
ACCEPTED
19 March 2025
PUBLISHED
21 April 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Emotional Burnout in
Health Care Workers
Ruziyeva Kamola Akhtamovna
Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
Consideration is given to the issue of
emotional exhaustion related to medical professionals.
An analysis of perspectives of potential sources of
frustration in the profession is provided. The formation
and models of emotional exhaustion syndrome are
explained from the perspectives of H. Freidenberg, K.
Maslach, V. V. Boyko, D. Direndonk, and V. Schaufeli.
The characteristics of psychodiagnostic methods
employed to examine emotional fatigue and
psychosomatic patterns are delineated. An effort is
made to compile a list of psychological characteristics
and behavioural traits that prevent the development of
emotional exhaustion syndrome and preserve
professional longevity and psychological resources. In
the future, it is intended to examine the specifics of the
development of emotional burnout syndrome in
medical personnel with varying lengths of service in the
context of an increased workload and to develop
recommendations for prevention.
Keywords:
Emotional burnout syndrome, emotional
tiredness, depersonalisation, diminished professional
accomplishments, burnout models.
Introduction:
In the healthcare industry, emotional
exhaustion syndrome (EBS) is one of the primary causes
of profound frustration. The COVID-19 epidemic has
transformed the function of healthcare workers [1, 2].
Through remarkable endeavours, they preserve the
lives and well-being of individuals. Established BMS
phases can influence the quality of life of healthcare
professionals, the emergence of psychosomatic
disorders, as well as physiological, affective-cognitive,
behavioural responses, and unstable psychoemotional
conditions. All of this diminishes the professional
dependability of medical professionals, thereby posing
a danger to their patients.
This assesses the significance of the exhibited work.
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European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies
Emergency Response Systems in healthcare is a
thoroughly researched subject. At the same time, there
is a lack of sufficient detail in the practical
recommendations and measures for the psychological
prevention of ERS among employees of medical
institutions.
The objective of the research
: Examine theoretical
frameworks about the development of emotional
burnout syndrome among medical practitioners.
Following the specified objective, the following tasks
are to be addressed: - theoretical analysis of the issue,
ERS models, and the peculiarities and speed of ERS
phase development; - search for studies on successful
adaptation to psychotraumatic factors, inhibition of
ERS development, and preservation of professional
longevity in conditions of intense workloads; -
development of proposals and measures for the
psychological prevention of ERS among medical
professionals. Principal component. American
psychiatrist H. Freidenberg originally delineated ERS in
1974. In 1976, K. Maslach described it as a condition of
bodily and emotional fatigue. Psychotraumatic events
lead to emotional exhaustion syndrome, which is a
psychological response of the div. Its distinctive
feature is a total or partial cessation of feelings. The
risk factors of ERS [3-8] in medical professionals include
constant stress, which is specifically caused by the
following circumstances: - high neuropsychic tension, -
overtime work, - constant observation of other people's
pain, - negative emotions, - threat of infection,
including coronavirus infection. ERS symptoms include
a persistent sense of fatigue that persists even after
sleep, anxiety, irritability, apathy, lethargy, changes in
appetite, sleep disorders, frequent migraines, and a
reluctance to engage in social activities [3-11]. This
condition comprises three fundamental components.
1. Affective fatigue. The sensation of desolation and
powerlessness becomes more prominent as the
sharpness of emotions diminishes. Engagement in
work diminishes. Frustration with coworkers and
patients manifests. Initially, these emotions can be
managed, but it subsequently become increasingly
challenging to conceal them. As a consequence, there
may be an increase in emotional distress and
resentment. The victim may transform into a someone
seeking assistance and support. 2. An insensitive
attitude towards oneself, patients, and others is a
component of depersonalisation. Contacts assume a
formal nature. A "victim" mentality develops,
characterised by an obsession on personal demands
and self-preservation. The individual strives to
psychologically detach himself from his surroundings.
3) Diminution of professional accomplishments - a
sense of inadequacy, discontent with oneself. Self-
esteem diminishes, resulting in a desire to resign from
employment. Numerous studies indicate that burnout
manifests in various forms [6, 9-11]. Individuals may
exhibit a variety of symptoms, while others exhibit all
recognised symptoms. N. V. Govorin and E. A.
Bodagova examined the ERS of medical professionals in
the Transbaikal Territory's healthcare facilities [6]. A
total of 383 individuals participated in the study. The
BMS diagnostic questionnaire by V. V. Boyko was
utilised. V. Boyko. Emotional exhaustion was identified
in 67.6% (n = 259) of cases. Simultaneously, 10.5% (n =
40) of physicians exhibited the condition at its
formative stage. 21.9% (n = 84) of responders exhibited
no indications of emotional fatigue. This implies that
the majority of physicians in the Transbaikal Territory
are exposed to psychotraumatic factors in some
capacity as a result of their professional practice [6].
Differential manifestations of the condition among
various medical professional groups have been
identified [3]. Dentists are more likely to experience
emotional exhaustion and less likely to experience
depersonalisation [9]. Nurses in acute care and
intensive care units are more prone to exhibit elevated
scores on the "depersonalisation" metric [10].
Research conducted by N. V. Chernyshova, E. O.
Dvornikova, and E. V. Malinina indicates that personnel
at public and private medical institutions exhibit
varying levels of burnout intensity. Employees in the
public sector exhibit heightened symptoms of
depersonalisation
and
diminished
professional
accomplishments. Private company specialists exhibit
a lower level of emotional depletion in contrast to the
predominantly average level of depersonalisation and
the reduction of professional accomplishments [11]. In
1994, D. Direndonk, V. Schaufeli, and H. Siksma
published the findings of their research on burnout
among Dutch nurses. Social insecurity, a sense of
injustice, dependence on management, and the
opinion of patients were identified as the specific
determinants of exhaustion. An key factor contributing
to the development of burnout in nurses is the
prevalence of adverse events in the workplace [3].
Efforts have been undertaken to examine the
correlation between personal personality traits and
BMS. Age does not influence the progression of this
condition. It is observed in both young and experienced
specialists. Gender partially influences the expressions
of the syndrome. Consequently, men have a greater
propensity for depersonalisation, whilst women are
more prone to emotional weariness. Socioeconomic
status is also affected by the inclination towards
empathy. Empathy for others can mitigate burnout and
foster faith in the significance of work and personal
efficacy. A correlation exists between burnout and
work motivation. Increased burnout correlates with
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European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies
diminished motivation, resulting in minimal job effort
from an individual. The evolution of BMS is also
influenced by character accentuation. Burnout models
are delineated, considering the characteristics and
analysis of one or more components. In 1988, the
creators of the one-factor model, A.M. Pines and E.
Aronson, observed that burnout is defined and
examined by one or several components. Aronson
observed that burnout is a condition characterised by
physical, emotional, and cognitive weariness resulting
from extended exposure to emotionally taxing
circumstances [3]. In this instance, burnout signifies
solely fatigue. Besides tiredness, the two-factor model
considers depersonalisation (D. Dierendonk, V.
Schaufeli, H. Siksma). The three-factor paradigm
associates burnout with emotional weariness,
depersonalisation,
and
diminished
personal
accomplishments (K. Maslach, S. Jackson). [3]. Within
the four-factor model, one element of the three-
dimensional
system
comprises
two
factors:
depersonalisation pertains to both the work
environment and the recipients (G. H. Firth, A. Mims, I.
F. Ivanici, and R. L. Schwab) [3]. Burnout, like any
process, is characterised by a temporal progression
through multiple stages or phases [3, 5, 12]. Burnout
symptoms develop progressively, affecting both
professional and personal domains, and intensify with
time. J. Greenberg identifies five stages. 1. The initial
phase
(“honeymoon”):
as
str
essors
emerge,
enthusiasm and job satisfaction are supplanted by a
sense of discontent. 2. The second ("fuel shortage"): a
deficiency of resources and energy, accompanied by
symptoms including exhaustion, apathy, and sleep
disturbances. 3. Third (“chronic symptoms”): fatigue,
persistent irritation, depressive feelings. 4. Fourth
(crisis): persistent ailments emerge, resulting in
diminished quality of life. 5. Fifth (“breaking through
the wall”): a confluence of psychological and
physiological issues. The dynamic model was
introduced by B. Perlman and E. A. Hartman. The
impact of three primary categories of stress responses
on the progression of burnout is demonstrated. The
concept encompasses four stages of stress: - an
individual exerts extra effort to acclimatise to work, -
intense stress experiences, - physiological, affective-
cognitive, and behavioural responses; total exhaustion
[3] Quantitative metrics delineate the extent of
development of each phase of burnout. Dominant
symptoms are identified in distinct periods and overall.
The elements causing them are identified as either
professional environment or subjective personal
characteristics. The diagnostic of professional burnout,
as proposed by K. Maslach and S. Jackson (modified by
N. E. Vodopyanova), comprises three scales [13]. 1)
"Emotional exhaustion" (scored from 0 to 45 points). A
high score correlates with oppression, indifference,
extreme tiredness, and emotional misery. 2)
"Depersonalisation" (0 to 25 scores). Indicates the
quality of interpersonal relationships with coworkers
and the overall self-perception in regard to professional
endeavours. A high score indicates a callous and formal
attitude towards patients, reflecting a perception of
their unjust treatment. 3) “Diminuti
on of personal
accomplishments” (ranging from 0 to 40 points). This
measure assesses the degree of optimism, self-
assurance, work ethic, and perceptions of employees
[13]. The following resources can be employed to
evaluate the mental state and stress level: the
psychological stress scale PSM-25 [14], the assessment
of neuropsychic tension (T. A. Nemchin) [14], the
diagnosis of stress (A. O. Prokhorov) [14], a
questionnaire that ascertains the propensity to develop
stress (as per T. A. Nemchin and Taylor) [14], and the
differentiated assessment of reduced work capacity
states (DORS) technique, which was developed by A. B.
Leonova and S. B. Velichkovskaya as a survey. B.
Velichkovskaya's questionnaire titled "Fatigue -
Monotony - Satiety - Stress" [14]. The correlation
between occupational burnout and the likelihood of
developing somatic illnesses can be examined with the
Giessen questionnaire. Five scales are utilised: four
fundamental scales and one aggregate scale. This
strategy elucidates the influence of psychological
variables in illness progression. This paper addresses
the topic, "Who is safeguarded against burnout?"
Burnout, as a result of maladaptation, correlates with a
pessimistic perspective on life. Evidence indicates that
social adaption and professional achievement are more
prevalent among optimists and psychologically healthy
individuals [3, 5, 7]. A correlation between burnout and
self-actualization has been shown. Greater discontent
with life correlates with higher unrealised inner
potential and poorer creativity. Increased creativity
correlates with enhanced life satisfaction and a
diminished risk of burnout [5, 7].
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of the study enable us to formulate the
conclusions outlined below. 1. Emotional exhaustion
syndrome is a psychological reaction of the organism to
psychotraumatic incidents. The emotional nuance or
intensity of emotional expression varies in this
instance. K. Maslach associates ERS with the syndrome
of emotional and physical fatigue. V. V. Boyko posits
that emotional regulation strategy (ERS) serves as a
psychological defence mechanism that entails the total
or partial suppression of emotions in reaction to
psychotraumatic occurrences. The expression of ERS is
defined by the degree of development of the phases
"Tension," "Resistance," and "Exhaustion." When
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evaluating this level, the indications of physiological,
affective-cognitive, and behavioural responses to stress
are crucial. 3. The approach of V. V. Boyko, along with
that of K. Maslach and S. Jackson (modified by N. E.
Vodopyanova). 4. The Giessen questionnaire, T. A.
Nemchin's assessment of neuropsychic tension, the
PSM-25 psychological stress scale, A. O. Prokhorov's
stress diagnostics, T. A. Nemchin and J. Taylor's
questionnaire for assessing susceptibility to stress, and
A. B. Leonova and S. B. Velichkovskaya's technique for
differentiated evaluation of diminished work capacity
states are employed to identify the nuances of stress
response and mental state. Optimists, creative folks,
and those content with their quality of life and
accomplishments have enhanced protection against
ERS. 6. Personnel of medical establishments may be
advised: - individual psychological consultations with a
corrective focus (in instances of pronounced,
established BMS phases); - medical and psychological
prophylaxis appropriate for heightened workload (in
cases of non-expressed BMS). Future research are
intended to examine the characteristics of emotional
burnout syndrome among medical professionals with
varying levels of expertise under situations of
heightened workload and to offer prevention
strategies.
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