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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
24-29
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
09 February 2025
ACCEPTED
12 March 2025
PUBLISHED
08 April 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Design of A Thermo-Cell
for Studying Optical
Characteristics of The
Surface Layer During the
Heating Process
Parmonov J.T.
Samarkand State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering named
after Mirzo Ulugbek, Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Nishanov.U.A.
Samarkand State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering named
after Mirzo Ulugbek, Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Nurmatov K.J
Samarkand State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering named
after Mirzo Ulugbek, Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
Study of changes in optical parameters of the
surface layer of glass after thermal treatment of optical
glasses X-230 and 6Ba-4, as well as changes in optical
parameters during storage in air, in a desiccator and for
two years in air.
Keywords:
Ellipsometry, surface layer thickness,
thermocouple, temperature, isothermal vessel, heat
treatment, refractive index.
Introduction:
The study of the dynamics of optical
characteristics of the surface layer (SL) of glasses during
heating seems important, since heat treatment greatly
increases the processes of aging and corrosion of the
glass surface, which occur under natural conditions for
a long time. Thus, such an experiment allows us to
judge the stability of the surface or possible
rearrangements in the SL based on comparatively short
experiments.
The purpose of the study was to identify the
temperature and storage conditions of the surface
layers (SL) and to study the dynamics of their
characteristics under conditions simulating operating
conditions.
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The study of changes in the optical characteristics of the
surface layer (SL) of glasses during heating seems
important, since heat treatment greatly increases the
processes of aging and corrosion of the glass surface,
which occur under natural conditions for a long time of
storage and operation. Thus, such an experiment allows
us to judge the stability of the surface or possible
rearrangements in the SL based on comparatively short
experiments.
In this work, to study the dynamics of optical
characteristics of ПС glasses during heating and
simultaneous
measurement
of
ellipsometric
parameters (Δ и ψ) ПС of Х
-
230 and 6Ва
-4glasses, the
research was carried out in a thermal cell in an
atmosphere of air Δ and ψ on a device ЛЭФ
-2 (radiation
wavelength
ℷ
=632,8nm at angles of incidence
φ
_0=
〖
65
〗
^(0 ) и
〖
60
〗
^(0 ).
The calculation of optical characteristics ПС was carried
out within the framework of the model of an
inhomogeneous layer with preliminary sets of the
optimal profile type [1-3]
In the present work, a thermal cell, schematically
shown in Fig. 1, was assembled to study the dynamics
of optical characteristics of ПС glasses during heat
treatment. The heating element of the cell was made of
IXIBHYT stainless steel and had the shape of a glass with
a recess for the heating coil and a cavity for the sample.
A large ratio of the mass of the heating element to the
mass of the sample (~30:I), as well as several layers of
thermal insulation made of special materials, ensured
good thermal stability of the cell during the test period.
A quartz glass in which the cell was placed also
contributed to the weakening of heat exchange with
the environment. The working space of the cell (the
place where the sample was placed) was limited from
above by split covers made of stainless steel and quartz,
in which there were coaxial holes for a thermocouple,
as well as for the passage of incident and reflected rays.
The small dimensions of the thermal cell (height ~80
mm; largest diameter ~100 mm) allowed it to be
installed on the ellipsometer stage without limiting the
possibility of its adjustment in all necessary directions.
Fig. 1. Construction of a thermal cell for studying the optical characteristics of
ПС materials during heating (1-thermocouple, 2-incident and reflected beam, 3
sample)
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The cell temperature was controlled by applying a
metered voltage to the coil through ЛАТР. The
temperature was recorded using a chromel-alumel
thermocouple placed in a protective shell and
connected to a recorder. In the working state, the
thermocouple layer was at a distance of ~ 1 mm from
the sample surface, directly above the ellipsometry
laser beam spot. In this position, the difference
between the sample surface temperature and the
recorder readings did not exceed IoC. Taking into
account the thermocouple error, the absolute
measurement error in the temperature range of 50-
3500C did not exceed ± 30 C. A typical temperature-
time characteristic of the cell is shown in Fig. 2.
Fig.2 Calibration of the thermocell
The main experimental results are presented in Tables
1-3. Based on these experimental results, on the basis
of model representations of the real surface layer, the
effective optical characteristics of the layer - the
refractive index and thickness -
were calculated. ПС [3
-
7]
Changes in ellipsometric parameters during heat treatment of glass 6Ва-4;
Table -1.
Т
𝟎
С
𝝋
𝟎
𝛥
𝝋
𝒏
𝑑
𝒅
𝟎
18
0
60
65
11,01
2,42
2,12
10,03
1,6588
1,7852
1986
2015
2236
2057
40
0
60
65
10,46
1,16
2,15
10,00
1,6447
1,6698
2058
2047
2301
2216
60
0
60
65
10,01
2,37
2,14
10,03
1,6612
1,7718
2027
2026
2231
2068
80
0
60
65
10,40
2,51
2,15
10,00
1,6687
1,7813
2047
2019
2218
2217
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100
0
60
65
9,43
2,32
2,14
10,03
1,6600
1,7703
2037
2048
2080
2223
120
0
60
65
10,04
2,34
2,15
10,02
1,6660
1,7222
2048
2090
2223
2160
140
0
60
65
10,11
2,13
2,13
10,04
1,6585
1,9074
2005
1867
2236
1885
160
0
60
65
9,55
1,53
2,17
10,02
1,6817
1,6837
2079
2136
2197
2229
180
0
60
65
8,49
1,54
2,17
10,03
1,6755
1,7168
2088
2114
2205
2268
200
0
60
65
9,12
2,16
2,17
10,01
1,6777
1,6852
1085
2117
2201
2226
Changes in ellipsometric parameters during heat treatment of glass Х-230;
Table -2.
Т
𝟎
С
𝝋
𝟎
𝛥
𝝋
𝒏
𝑑
𝒅
𝟎
18
0
60
65
0,23
0,13
4,385
12,19
1,5383
1,5383
1474
1474
2545
2545
40
0
60
65
0,35
0,11
4,36
12,22
1,5383
1,5373
1414
1512
2487
2547
60
0
60
0,13
12,20
1,5380 1497
2546
80
0
60
65
0,36
12,22
1,5373 1354
2548
100
0
60
65
0,052
12,20
1,5378 1364
2546
120
0
60
65
0,33
0,051
4,34
12,20
1,5394
1,5378
1382
1363
2485
2546
140
0
60
65
0,34
0,016
4,37
12,16
1,5383
1,5390
1425
1291
2488
2543
160
0
60
0,12
4,36
1,5386 1303
2487
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65
0,12
12,18
1,5386 1444
2544
180
0
60
65
0,16
0,061
4,37
12,21
1,5383
1,5375
1330
1393
2488
2547
200
0
60
65
0,27
0,18
4,37
12,20
1,5384
1,5382
1388
1575
2488
2545
In the heat treatment experiment, glass samples Х
-230
and 6Ва
-
4 of size 15х 5мм2 were selected. The samples
were polished using standard technology (aqueous
suspension of polyrite). In the initial state after
polishing, large deviations in the refractive indices
(Δn=0,05) from the bulk value and a spread of effective
thicknesses ПС (Δd=1500A^0) were observed, both
from sample to sample and over the surface of the
sample. Moreover, the refractive indices in 07 were less
than in the bulk. Heating the samples to 2000 C led to
the alignment of both the refractive index and the
thickness 08. At a temperature of 180-
2000С C, the
refractive index approached the bulk value. The spread
in thickness also decreased to d=1500A0.
Polishing of glass in anhydrous suspensions led to
similar results, which confirmed the significant
influence of water on the characteristics of the ПС
environment.
Table 3 shows the results of ellipsometric
measurements on glass 6Ва
-
4 and borosilicate glass Х
-
230, depending on storage conditions. From the data in
Table 3 it follows that during storage in air the
refractive index decreases, and the thickness of the PS
increases, which also confirms the influence of air
humidity on the optical characteristics of the ПС. The
study showed that heat treatment of glass stabilizes the
parameters of the ПС regardless of the history of the
treatment. Moreover, this state is maintained for glass
6Ва
-4 within 5-
6 days, and for glass Х
-230 up to 3 days.
This can be used in practice when manufacturing
products from this type of glass.
Changes in ellipsometric parameters during heat treatment of glass Х-230 и 6Ва-4
during storage.
Table -3.
Glass
brand
№
обр
.
Original
2 months on air 2 months on
a desiccator
2 years in the
open air
d(A
0
)
n
d(A
0
)
n
d(A
0
)
n
d(A
0
)
n
Х-230
1
87
1,488
1533 1,5312 1985 1,478
n=1,531
2
320
1,533
1518 1,5301 1832 1,489
3
110
1,513 305
1,4049
972
1,514
4
117
1,524 326
1,4929
914
1,523
6Ba-4
1
87
1,568 140
1,587
2069 1,587
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n=1,639
0
2
126
1,567 124
1,597
2176 1,5480
3
139
1,567
147
1,586
2112 1,5920
4
126
1,594
210
1,597
2051 1,6020
The following can be noted:
1. It has been established that temperature treatment
stabilizes the optical properties of the surface. The
refractive indices approach the volumetric value.
2. Surface layer of glass Х
-
230 и 6Ва
-4 consists of a layer
of adsorbed water with a thickness of
100 to 300А0 and
a diffuse layer of bound water of thickness 1500А0 до
2000А0 (and maybe more, since ellipsometry allows us
to determine the thickness of transparent layers with
an accuracy of up to half a period, which in this case is
about 2000А0);
3. G
lass storage Х
-230 in a desiccator with silica gel
leads to the removal of the adsorbed layer and the
exposure of the diffuse layer, which is large. Heating up
to 2000 C leads to the same results.
4. Determination of optimal heat treatment and
chemical etching conditions for the purpose of
stabilizing the optical characteristics of ПС in glass Х
-
230
5. A method for determining the water content in glass
has been developed Х
-230.
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физико–химических
исследованиях». Ленинград: «Химия». Л.О., 1986,
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