European International Journal of Philological Sciences
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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
44-47
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
26 October 2024
ACCEPTED
29 December 2024
PUBLISHED
30 January 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Relationship of The
Concepts Of "Field" And
"Concept"
JUMAEV Farhad
Associate professor, candidate of Ph.D, Tashkent Institute of Economics
and Pedagogy, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
In the article, an attempt was made to clarify
the issue of the relationship between the concepts of
"semantic field" and "concept", which are widely used
in modern linguistics. The article discusses the notions
of widely used today in modern linguistics notions
'semantic field' and 'concept' and their correlations. The
author tries to express his own vision in this sphere.
Keywords:
C
oncept, relationship, lingua, “field”
.
Introduction:
The lexical layer, an important component
of linguistics, and the concept of the field formed in it
are one of the most important factors of this discipline,
and it is a linguistic phenomenon that has long been the
focus of attention of linguists and has not lost its
relevance. In research conducted in various fields of
linguistics, it is possible to observe different
interpretations of the field theory Such studies spread
to the world of linguistics in connection with the names
of the famous German scientists J. Trier [9: 1957 ] and
W. Porziglar [10: 1931 ] in the field of semasiology. The
lexical layer of the language, that is, lexical groups or
paradigms, is in the paradigmatic field, In the syntactic
field, the grammatical field, the grammatical-lexical
field, and the functional-semantic field are especially
clearly visible. The field approach to linguistic
phenomena is one of the most productive areas, as it
allows us to shed light on the systemic nature of
language and to reveal its universal and specific nature.
When addressing the phenomenon of "field", it is
necessary to keep the following factors in mind and to
clarify their relationship to the concept of "concept" it is
advisable to include.
• A field consists of a collection (inventory, set,
association) of language elements that are mutually
dependent and organically linked to each other in a
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European International Journal of Philological Sciences
system.
• The
elements that form a field have a semantic
commonality that is inherent to all of them, and they
perform the same function in the language.
• A field connects elements of the same category
(organized) and elements of different categories
(unorganized) at one point.
• A field consists of microfields, which consist of at
least two components.
• The field consists of a vertical (paradigmatic) and a
horizontal (syntagmatic) structure. The vertical
structure expresses the structure of microfields based
on the principle of similarity, while the horizontal
structure expresses the relationships between
microfields based on the principle of sequence.
• The field consists of two types of constituents
- the
central core and The periphery (constituents) can be
distinguished, which is distant from the center. The
core is formed around the constituent that has a
dominant meaning.
• The constituent that forms the core fully performs
the function of the field, and this is often noticeable.
• The function performed by the field is partially
performed by the core and partly by the periphery.
• The boundary betwe
en the core and the periphery is
not clearly defined.
• If the constituents of a field belong to the core of one
field, the peripheral part belongs to another field or
fields.
• Fields of equal size can merge with each other and
pass from one form (meaning) to another. This is a
regularity of the field-based organization of the
language system. [7].
As for the issue of “concept”, it seems necessary to
recall the following about its characteristics. One of the
main ideas put forward by cognitive linguistics, or
cognitology, is that a person's knowledge and ideas
about objective reality, that is, the external world, are
formed and stored in the human mind in the form of
concepts, that is, as abstract mental products
reflecting various aspects of human activity. In the
process of thinking, a person forms concepts thinks on
the basis of, combines them to form new concepts.
[Kubryakova, 1999, 2004; Boldyrev, 2001; Wierzbicka,
1980, 1996; Lakoff, 1980, 1999; ].
The term "concept" was first used and introduced into
scientific use by the Russian linguist S.A. Askoldov in
1928. [1:267-279]. By the 1980s, this term began to be
widely used in linguistics. [6:1-8]. Nowadays, this term
is widely used in such areas of linguistics as cognitive
linguistics, linguoculturology, etc. The concept is
formed in the human mind under the influence of the
external world and reflects the experience and
knowledge of human activity in the process of thinking.
The concept is born in the process of forming
information about objects and phenomena in the
external world and their properties. This Information
includes information about the external world that
surrounds us and about objects, events, and
phenomena in it. [Langacker, 1987; Jakendorff, 2002;
Pavilenis, 1983; Babushkin, 2001; Sternin, 2001;
Kubryakova, 2004].
This information consists of information about things
and events that a person has seen, felt, felt, known,
guessed or imagined. [Pavilenis, 1983].
A concept is a coherent set of words, meanings and
concepts expressed by a person, which he has
considered, thought and said.
The concept of "concept" is widely used in describing
the semantics of language. The meaning of linguistic
units and expressions is reflected in the concepts
embodied in them. In this case, a concept can be
perceived as a concept that is consistent with the
meaning of the word, and the meaning of the word, in
turn, is recognized as a "concept covered by a linguistic
sign". [KSKT, pp. 93-97].
A concept reflects the semantic plan of a linguistic sign
and is expressed through a certain linguistic unit.
(Boldyrev, 2001; Kubryakova, 2004). In this case, it
seems that linguistic means reflect only a part of the
concept with the meaning they express.
As confirmation of this fact, it is enough to recall the
many synonyms and various definitions of the same
concept that exist today.
Not all concepts are reflected through linguistic means,
the most important of them are imprinted precisely in
our language. [Sternin, 1998; Boldyrev, 2001; Stepanov,
2001; Kubryakova, 2004; Wierzbicka, 1980, 1996;
Langacker, 1987; Jakendorff, 2002].
According to the accepted opinion of linguists, concepts
have a prototypical (hierarchical) structure, their
structure is formed on the basis of the principle of
“center
-----
>periphery”. [Karasik, 20
01; Taylor, 1985;
Rosch, 1987; Lee, 2004, etc.].
The core of the concept creates an active association for
the speaker, while those that are less important are
located on the periphery, and the further away from the
center, the weaker their meaning (association). [Karasik,
2001].
The core of the concept is the main concept
(imagination) formed in the speaker's mind. [Popova,
2003, pp. 19-24, 60-64]. Its periphery is formed by the
field that evaluates the cognitive characteristics of the
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European International Journal of Philological Sciences
core, explains and interprets it.
Simply put, a concept is a thought (imagination)
expressed in natural language lexemes.
As scientists recognize and emphasize, a concept is a
unit of human thinking, which arises on the basis of a
person's life experience.
Concepts are mental entities that arise in the human
mind based on the impressions received from the
environment through the senses.
Concepts can have a simple and complex structure.
Simple concepts have a more semantic meaning and
are not so closely related to the way of life of the
people. They have their own lexical meaning in all
languages and can be included in the category of lexical
universals. Complex concepts can be imagined as
concepts formed over a long period of time - based on
the way of life of the people speaking that language,
for example, as concepts formed on the basis of
phraseological units of an idiomatic nature. It is quite
difficult to translate them from one language to
another. [11:487].
The concepts of “field” and “concept” functionally
complement each other in meaning. It is undesirable
to view them as mutually exclusive concepts.
Thus, in our work, a concept is a linguistic phenomenon
that is a combination of several concepts (concepts)
included in a certain conceptual structure and is in a
harmonious relationship with the semantic field.
Systematic conceptual analysis of language provides
an opportunity to interpret lexical meaning in a new
way. In other words, such an approach helps to identify
general, universal logical categories that are formed in
the concept.
Let us try to clarify the concept of “concept” in more
detail. According to some experts, the concept of
“concept” can be compared with the philosophical
category of Gestalt. [4: 35]. This category is one of the
central concepts of Gestalt psychology, in which it
means an expanded concrete form of objects
perceived through sensation.
Figuratively speaking, the concept of Gestalt is applied
to thinking and cultural values, the elements of which
are interconnected and have a single structure. From
this point of view, it seems reasonable to imagine a
“concept” as a whole, connected to the concept of a
“field”, the elements of which are interconnected and
act as a mechanism that requires the existence of each
other.
A concept can be perceived as a product of thinking
(construct) existing in the human mind. This idea can
be confirmed by the fact that thoughts and ideas that
are the product of this product can be translated from
one language to another.
A concept reflects the cognitive connection between a
person and his knowledge of the external world
surrounding him. The study of a concept as a cognitive
category has many aspects and is of interest to linguists
as an object of study both in the material of one
language and in the material of several languages. For
example, it can be used in the analysis and
interpretation of literary works or texts created in a
foreign language, or in translating from one language
into another.
A concept is associated with a certain field of
knowledge, that is, a specific thematic area. As
Professor Sh. Safarov notes, “a concept is a
phenomenon with a complex structure, but with a
holistic structure” [5: 274]. The qualities and
characteristics of things necessary for a certain field of
human activity are reflected in the concept [2: 40].
Thus, the same thing related to different fields of human
activity reflects different characteristics of the concept.
Conceptual linguists distinguish two types of concepts:
ontological and pragmatic.
Ontological
concepts
describe
the
ontological
(objective) structure of the external world. Their scope
of application and the purposes of application are not
limited. Pragmatic concepts are used in a narrow range
and are interpreted in the same way, that is, they
perform an important epistemological (i.e., knowledge)
function, in other words, they themselves perform the
function of a tool in the process of knowledge.
In linguistics, it is emphasized that the concept is
expressed both through linguistic means and through
extralinguistic means. A person's thinking about the
external world can be formed in two forms, that is, in a
form stored in the imagination and in a form expressed
verbally. Therefore, a person's knowledge about the
external world is stored in his mind in the form of a
concept and in the form of an image. The core of the
concept is reflected in the semantics of the central key
word. Its synonyms and antonyms complement the
meaning of the concept.
Thus, considering the issue of the correspondence of
the concept and the lexical-semantic field, it can be
concluded that a lexeme means a semantic meaning in
the form of a word (lexicon) given in dictionaries, and a
concept means a semantic meaning in the form of the
same lexicon.
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