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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
6-10
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
03 December 2024
ACCEPTED
05 January 2025
PUBLISHED
07 February 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue02 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Semantics of
Phraseological Terms with
the
“Baş” Component
Shirin Bakhtiyorovna Sadykova
PhD in Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, The Department of
Uzbek and Russian languages, Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Shokhsanam Jurayeva
The Department of Turkic languages, Tashkent State Institute of Oriental
Studies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
This article is devoted to the study of Turkish
phraseological units, special attention is paid to the
study and analysis of phraseological units with the “baş”
component. The main goal of the authors was to study
somatic phraseological units, which includ
e the “baş”
component, study their semantics, and analyze their use
in oral and written speech. To achieve this goal, the
following tasks were identified: the study of the
scientific literature on phraseological units; the study of
scientific works devoted to somatic phraseological units
of the Turkish language; finding sources related to the
topic of the study, and collecting material; semantic
analysis of somatic phraseological units with the “Baş”
component; formulation of conclusions based on the
results of the analysis. The article uses lexical-semantic
and conceptual-analytical research methods. In the part
of the article that illuminates the degree of knowledge
of the topic, a comment is given to a number of
noteworthy scientific papers. The article notes that
language is a means of communication between
members of society, serves a person as a means of
helping to express their thoughts and inner experiences
verbally and in writing, that each person, when
presenting his thoughts, uses a number of ways to make
his speech more beautiful and more informatively, that
among these methods the use of phraseological units is
the most effective. The authors emphasize that
phraseological units enrich written and oral speech, and
provide a more complete and clear presentation of
thoughts.
The article carried out a study of 217 phraseological
units in which the “baş” component functions, shows
the difference in their content, structure and
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European International Journal of Philological Sciences
composition,
analyzes
the
most
frequent
phraseological units with the “baş” c
omponent used in
oral and written Turkish speech.
As a result of the analysis, a conclusion was made
about the use of phraseological units with the “baş”
component in various situations. Most of these
phraseological units are used in a problem situation,
the number of such phraseological units is 65. Along
with this, the author notes the cases of using
phraseological units with the “baş” component in the
following situations: physical condition (29), mutual
respect (17), in the process of excitement (14), and
leadership (14).
Keywords:
Phraseology,
phraseological
unit,
component, somatism, phraseological somatism,
vocabulary indivisible combination of words, system,
semantics.
Introduction:
Phraseological features differ from other
language units with their broad, meaningful
expression. The question of “phraseology”, its
composition and size, its national character and other
features have been important topic to study. In these
terms, phraseology has now become the object of
research in many languages. This research is devoted
to the semantic analysis of somatic phraseologies in
which the Turkish component of the “baş” component
is involved. After all, the comprehensive study of the
somatic phraseology that is widely used in oral and
written speech, making scientific conclusions about its
semantic analysis, is also one of the issues waiting to
be addressed in Turkish language. The study of Turkish
language phrases is a study of the rich and diverse
history of the Turks from time immemorial, their own
world outlook, traditions, customs and linguistics.
Somatic phraseology is a unit of somatisms, that is,
words that describe the names of the div parts.
Exactly, the somatic phraseology that reflects the
centuries-old experience of each nation, its lifestyle,
culture, spirituality, traditions and customs.
The study of phraseological units is one of the most
important issues that have always been the focus of
linguistics and translation studies, and considerable
scientific research has been done in this regard. In our
work we reviewed the scientific views of a number of
Uzbek and Turkish scholars.
M. Rustamova in her article “Somatisms in Italian
Phraseological Units” examines the lexical connection
of somatisms in Italian and Uzbek phrases, and
comparative analysis reveals similarities between the
two languages.
Z. Hamdamova has done research on G. Gulom's story
“Shum Bola”. While learning “Shum Bola”, she tried to
describe the somatic phrases used in the story and their
role in the lexical system of the language. The
researcher also conducted semantic analysis of the
phraseology of the eye, hand, and tongue component
used in the story.
M. Tashtonova in her research “Lexical semantic
features of phraseological features related to human
div parts in Uzbek language” explored the lexical
-
semantic features of the phraseological expressions of
the human div in the Uzbek language and studied their
gestures.
Mehmet Aygun, a Turkish researcher, has published a
study entitled “Türkçe ve Almanca’da “Göz’le ilgili
deyimler”in incelenmesi” (“Turkish and German
expressions on “eye”
-related phrases). The researcher
explored the syntax and semantic properties of both
languages, using Turkish and German phrases involving
eye-somatism.
Suheyla Saritash, Associate Professor of Balikesir
University in Turkey, defended a research entitled “Türk
Kültüründe Yüzle İlgili Deyim ve Atasözleri Üzerine Bir
Çalışma” (“Studies on “facial” expressions in Turkish
culture”)
. In the research, the author collected phrases
and proverbs with the word “face” and explained in
detail their structure, meaning and forms of use.
Features,
differences,
similarities
of
somatic
expressions in Turkish and Tatar dialects were studied
by
Tughba Aktash in a research titled “Tatar
Türkçesindeki “Baş” Ve “Baş”ta Bulunan Organ Adlari Ile
Kurulmuş Deyimler Ve Bu Deyimlerin Türkiye
Türkçesindeki Şekilleriyle Karşilaştirilmasi” (“Words
containing the words “div parts” in Tatar, “head”, and
thei
r comparison with the Turkish language”) .
The etymology of somatic expressions and the analysis
of these expressions in Turkish (Turkish, Kazakh, Kyrgyz,
Uzbek, Azerbaijani) languages were explored by Fatma
Uzkan in “Somatik Deyimler” (“Somatic expressions”).
Semantic, lexical and morphological analysis of somatic
expressions in Azerbaijani and Turkish languages was
discussed in the article called “Oğuz grubu türk
lehçelerinde organ isimleri ile yapilan deyimler”
(“Studies on the somatic expressions in
the Turkic
dialects of the Oguz group”) by G. Suleymanova .
The above studies show that there is a great deal of
interest in somatic expressions. The work done in this
area is significant and visible. By examining each of
these scientific studies separately, we can see the
characteristics, semantics, and similarities and
differences of somatic expressions.
When analyzing phrases in Turkish with the “baş”
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component, we see that there are 217 phrases in this
type of Turkish. As these expressions differ in meaning,
structure, and composition, we think it is best to
analyze the expressions used most frequently in
Turkish oral and written speech.
“Baş ağrıtmak” (to have a headache). This phrase
means talking too much in the course of a conversation
and annoying the person in front of you.
“Baş ağrıtmakta üstüne yoktur senin”
(Literally: you are the best in making
headache).
In t
his example, the phrase “baş ağrıtmak” comes to
mean that you are the best in making headache.
“Baş aşağı gitmek”
(head down). This expression,
which is increasingly used to mean loss and
deterioration, applies to both the physical and financial
condition of people.
“Sağlık durumu baş aşağı giden biri için iyi şeyler
söyleyemem.”
(Literally: I can't say good things for someone whose
health is getting worse) This also refers to a patient
whose condition is deteriorating. The patient's
condition is gettin
g worse and worse “Baş göz etmek”
(tie someone’s head). This expression means that
someone is engaged and getting married soon.
“Şu kızı da bir baş göz edersem gözüm arkada
kalmayacak.”
(Literally: if I make one eye on this girl, my eyes will not
be left behind).
In the example above, the phrase “baş göz etmek” is
used to intend the wedding of a daughter.
“Başı üstünde yeri olmak” (place on top of the head). A
phrase used when visiting or greeting a guest is used to
show respect for the visitor and to make him/her feel
at home.
“Her zaman bekleriz, başımızın üstünde yeri var.”
(Literally: every time we wait, there's a place on our
heads). While saying goodbye to this guest, it is
emphasized that he should come back again.
“Başına devlet kuşu konmak” (Sta
te bird landing on his
head). It is said that when a person's financial and
spiritual condition suddenly improves.
“Başına devlet kuşu konmuş, iki ev miras olmuş”
(Literally: a state bird landed on its head, and
two houses were inherited).
In this example, the success of an individual with a
great succession is represented by the phrase “başına
devlet kuşu konmak”.
“Başına taç etmek” (crown on his/her head) to
appreciate and value a person or subject
“O ailesini hep başına taç ederdi”
(Literally: he always considers his family as a crown in
his head). In this example, the sacredness and dignity of
a family is expressed by the phrase “başına taç etmek”
and emphasizing respect and appreciation.
“Başından büyük işlere girişmek” (to start do
ing big
things from the beginning). To start doing things that are
beyond your control, that is, trying to do something
stubborn, even if you can't.
“Yeter başından büyük işlere girişip da kendini rezil
etme”
(Literally: Do not embarrass yourself by doing
something great) As mentioned above, we can be
ashamed of our surroundings as a result of doing things
that we cannot do. And this is exactly what is meant by
the phrase, “başından büyük işlere girişmek”.
“Başını kaldıramamak” (inability to lift her/his
head).
The expression is used in two ways. One of them is to
keep busy doing something; the other means that the
patient cannot be healed, that is, he cannot lift his head
from the pillow.
“İki saattir ödevden başını kaldıramıyor”
(Literally: He can't stand his head for two hours). In this
example, the first meaning is to do homework
continuously;
“Gripten
kurtulamadım,
iki
gündür
başımı
kaldıramıyorum”
(Literally: I couldn't get rid of the flu, I can't lift my head
for two days).
In this case, the second meaning is that the patient is
not healed by the expression “başını kaldıramamak”.
As we have seen from the phrases we have analyzed, we
can use the phraseology with the “баş” component in
different situations.
•
phrases used in problem situations 65;
•
At the same time physical condition (29);
•
mutual respect (17);
•
during nervous activity (14);
•
“баş”
phrases is also used in leadership
processes (14).
It is well-known that language is a function of
communication between members of society and a
means of expressing one’s thoughts orally and in
writing, expressing one's own experiences. And as each
person expresses his thoughts, he uses a number of
ways to make it more appealing and meaningful. One of
these is the use of phrases. Phraseological features help
enrich the written and spoken language of the language,
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European International Journal of Philological Sciences
filling the mind with greater clarity.
In the Turkish written literature, phrases are used in
such a way that the writer is able to convey his
thoughts to the reader in full. An example of this is the
phrase “aklını başına almak” (“take your mind”) in one
of his works by R.H
. Karay. “Burası Ankara değil, aklını
başına al, uslu otur.” (Literally: Here is not Ankara, but
make up your mind, sit up cleverly). The author uses
the above phrase to exemplify the role of the hero
through this idea and calls him to behave better.
S.
F.Abasiyanik uses the term of “saçı başı birbirine
karışmak” (hair and head are mixed together) as
follows: “Matmazelin saçı başı birbirine karışmıştı.”
literally: the girl's hair and her head were mixed
together). We all know that every girl needs to look
after herself, She should be always clean and tidy. The
writer was also able to express the unacceptable
appearance of a girl by using this expression, and by a
single expression, to describe her condition.
Another talented writer, A.Kulin, used the phr
ase “baş
başa kalmak” (to be alone) as follows: “Düşünceleriyle,
iç sesiyle baş başa kalmayı tercih ederdi.” (literally: He
preferred to be alone with his thoughts and inner
voice). It is this expression that reveals the innermost
feelings of the hero, his desire to be alone.
As with written literature, verbal expression is widely
used.
For example, when a person goes away without a
question and does not know where he is going, he can
be described as “başını alıp gitmek” (to get lost with
your head). “Boşuna aramayın, buralardan başını alıp
gitti, gelmez artık” (Literally: don't look for vain here,
he has got lost with his head).
The phrase “başını boş bırakmak” (leave your head
empty) for a person, leader, or leader of a team or
team means that the person is inattentive and inactive.
This phrase is often used to tell parents that their
children are being disturbed or prevented.
“Çocuğunuzun başını boş bıraktığınızdan bunların
hepsi”
(literally: It's all about leaving your child's head
empty).
As the above
examples show, “baş” in phrases
involving somaticism are often used in Turkish written
and verbal expressions. Such phrases are active in
Turkish people, and it is a common practice that they
are used both in literature and in oral. It is also worth
noting that the author's use of phraseology in a
meaningful and effective way helps the language of the
work be understood and popularized.
CONCLUSION
In summary, research on somatic phraseology is an
interesting topic for representatives of this field. It
helps them to learn the language and culture of the
people and to contribute to its development. İn this
article, we tried to study the semantics of phraseology
with the “baş” component of the Turkish language, and
examined the thematic groups, in which cases the words
are most commonly used, including the role of phrases
in Turkish written and oral speech.
The phrase “Baş” is a unit that reflects the philosophy of
the Turkish people and reflects on their spiritual life.
Although there have been many studies in the field of
phraseology recently in the field of turkology, there are
still unexplored aspects in this regard.
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7 b
Internet sites:
https://www.lafsozluk.com
www.nkfu.com
http://dergisosyalbil.selcuk.edu.tr
http://acikerisim.selcuk.edu.tr
