558
Volume 5, Issue 10: Special Issue
(EJAR)
ISSN: 2181-2020
MPHAPP
THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL
CONFERENCE
“
MODERN PHARMACEUTICS: ACTUAL
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
”
TASHKENT, OCTOBER 17, 2025
in-academy.uz
TOXICITY OF METALS IN VITAL ORGANS OF THE BODY AND THE STUDY OF
STRATEGIES FOR ELIMINATING THEIR TOXINS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE
OF RHAZES AND AVICENNA
Mohammad Hashemimehr
Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran
University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
e-mail: paul_wetmore@yahoo.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17344268
Introduction and Objective:
In recent decades, due to the expansion of the consumption of
processed foods, the increase in environmental pollutants, and the decline in nutritional quality, the
possibility of poisoning with some metals found in foods, such as lead and mercury, has increased.
These metals can negatively affect vital organs of the div, such as the brain, heart, and liver,
disrupting their function. The present study aimed to investigate how metal toxicity occurs in vital
organs of the div and analyze the therapeutic strategies for eliminating their toxins from the
perspectives of Rhazes and Avicenna in two valuable books, Al-Hawi fi al-Tibb and Al-Qanun fi al-
Tibb.
Method:
This library research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and a
historical approach.
Results:
Rhazes and Avicenna consider the amount of heavy and semi-heavy metals in food,
such as lead, mercury, arsenic, and antimony, to be harmful to health and, in some cases, fatal. They
say about lead toxicity: “Lead makes the brain ponderous and causes indolence of intellect and
weakness of movement. Lead also causes blockage in the liver and spleen.” Rhazes says about
mercury poisoning: “It causes anxiety and tremors in the limbs,” and Avicenna writes about arsenic
toxicity: “If used without care, it corrupts the blood and its effect also reaches the liver and heart,
causing death or severe disability in the div.” To treat metal poisoning, these two Iranian scientists
used methods such as cleansing the digestive tract by inducing vomiting and using laxatives and
enemas, and to purify the blood, using diuretics and diaphoretics, and to neutralize toxins, using
mteriamedica, as well as natural antidotes.
Conclusion:
Research shows that there are natural antidotes in nature, and new scientific
evidence confirms their positive effects. Given that many of these natural compounds do not have
side effects at low doses and are on the list of generally safe compounds, they can be used as antidotes
for some metal toxins in food with further testing.
Keywords:
Antidote, Vital Organs, Metal Toxicity, Rhazes, Avicenna, History of Medicine.
