No. 1 (2025) Entrepreneurship and pedagogy scientific and methodical journal

This article emphasizes that engaging in intellectual activity in the conditions of digital transformation causes psychological stress in the human body, increasing the risk of developing stress and depression, such as hypodynamia and mental stress. It is especially noted that sports competitions play a significant role in preventing such conditions, as well as in developing aesthetic thinking. The aesthetic and moral development of spectators participating in sports competitions, enjoyment, enjoyment of life and improvement of quality of life are indicated as important factors. In addition, sports events play a significant role in strengthening social ties and promoting a healthy lifestyle.

Idioms are among the most vibrant and expressive elements of language, reflecting cultural identity, historical development, and linguistic creativity. This article offers a detailed analysis of the classification of English idioms through structural-syntactical, semantic, and functional perspectives. Drawing on works by linguists, it delves into idioms’ grammatical configurations, figurative meanings, and communicative functions. By combining theoretical frameworks with practical examples, this study provides an in-depth understanding of idioms as linguistic and cultural phenomena, bridging the gap between theoretical linguistics and everyday communication.

This article analyzes pluralistic approaches to tolerance in the context of gender relations. Gender tolerance is an important aspect of modern society, which is based on the principles of respect and acceptance of gender equality. From a philosophical point of view, the main essence of gender tolerance is the recognition of the equality of all people, regardless of sex and gender identity. Pluralism, as a philosophical concept, implies the acceptance and respect for the diversity of views, cultures, and personal identities. The article analyzes the role of gender tolerance and pluralistic approaches in society, their interconnectedness, and the practical significance of these principles.

Effective corporate governance is an important condition for the successful operation of an enterprise. Defining sustainable development, protecting the rights of shareholders, customers and other stakeholders, serves as the most important direction of the enterprise's activities in the field of improving its financial efficiency.. The family model of corporate governance, or family capitalism and family business groups, has become widespread in almost all countries of the world. Such a corporate governance system is often found in Asian and Latin American countries, in Canada, as well as in European countries (Sweden, Italy and France). The management of the largest corporations is carried out by members of the same family. This article examines the features of the corporate governance system in foreign practice, in particular, in Sweden, where theoretically and practically analyzed such issues as the evolution of theories and basic principles of corporate governance, the role of corporate governance in the investment support of enterprises, its modern methods and models, institutional issues. In addition, corporate governance bodies in Sweden and their interaction with the executive body, the tasks and functions of regulatory bodies, corporate culture, assessment of the transparency of investments in enterprises and the effectiveness of corporate governance, as well as the main stages of the process of preventing and combating the risk of corporate fraud are analyzed. 

Аt the heаrt оf аny prоgrаm оr sоftwаre prоduct аre twо units, nаmely dаtа аnd sоme оperаtiоns оn them. А dаtа structure is а generаl prоperty оf аn infоrmаtiоn оbject, аnd аny prоgrаm is intercоnnected with this prоperty. А dаtа structure is а grоup оf dаtа plаced in а certаin structure, with certаin cоnnectiоns creаted between them, аnd functiоns thаt perfоrm certаin оperаtiоns. Аn exаmple оf the simplest dаtа structure is аn аrrаy. Different dаtа structures perfоrm оperаtiоns such аs viewing, reаding, inserting, deleting, seаrching, sоrting, аnd merging аt different speeds. This article describes how cloud technology works, how data structures are implemented as arrays, and procedures for performing operations, regardless of their general appearance.

In the world, more and more attention is being paid to research on the complex purification of vegetable oils obtained from traditional fatty raw materials. This serves to improve the quality of products and ensure the safety of food products prepared from them. One of the important issues facing the national economy and requiring urgent resolution is the production of a wide range of high-quality products and ensuring their sale. This task can be solved by developing and introducing into the industry new, intensive and resource-saving technologies for the complex purification of vegetable oils, as well as organizing waste-free production. In this regard, great importance is attached to the effective use of local traditional and non-traditional oilseed crops.

The information resource center for higher education institutions plays a significant role in effectively managing the educational process, supporting scientific work, and ensuring data exchange. This article discusses the importance of electronic databases, their structure, and the advantages of various automated control systems. It provides information on the technologies, methodologies, and architectural design necessary to ensure the efficient operation of the database. With the help of electronic databases and automated control systems, the possibilities for quick and accurate retrieval, storage, and analysis of data are expanded, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of education and scientific research.

This article discusses the psychological foundations of self-government among teachers, scientific analysis and research on self-government among teachers in the psychology of the world and our country, psychological aspects of self-government, and the structure of self-regulation. The teacher’s abilities to independently acquire knowledge and improve their skills are discussed and their analysis is revealed. Also, if today in our country and society serious attention is paid to improving the quality of education, educating a mature young generation capable of meeting the requirements of a market economy, then ensuring the fulfillment of these responsibilities directly depends on the self-government of teachers and the independent acquisition of knowledge. This is due to advanced training. The article serves as an important scientific and practical basis for teachers and researchers, as it is aimed at increasing the efficiency and organization of teaching activities based on modern requirements.

This article presents the phenomenon of interference in the study of foreign languages and the role of the native language in language acquisition. In the field of methodology, the positive effect of the mother tongue on learning a second language is analyzed as transposition, and the negative effect is analyzed as interference. The article focuses on the phenomenon of lexical interference. It is  discussed scientists who have conducted research on lexical interference and their views on this phenomenon. As a result of research, it was found that the negative influence of the native language on the study of foreign languages is strong. Based on this, the methods of presenting lexical units that are the basis of lexical interference were considered. It was also determined when and to what extent these methods allow for easy and quick language acquisition.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the issues of introducing innovative technologies into the teaching process and effectively organizing the learning process. Methods of using innovative approaches for students to master new knowledge are discussed. Special attention is also paid to the development of school education, in particular, computer science and information technology subjects, in the context of digital transformation. The article covers the theoretical foundations of innovative technologies for students in secondary schools, modern trends, and methods of their effective application in teaching. In addition, the importance of innovative approaches such as digital technologies, artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, and interactive teaching methods in the educational process is considered, and recommendations are given for the use of advanced pedagogical technologies.

This article considers the acquisition of reading skills as an important condition for the successful mastery of all subjects taught at school. Reading is the main type of activity, which creates a great opportunity for the ideological-political, intellectual, aesthetic and speech development of students. In reading lessons, students’ reading skills are formed and improved. The qualities of reading skills are interrelated, and conscious reading is based on them. In reading lessons, work on the work should be organized in such a way that the analysis of the content of the work is aimed at improving reading skills. Correct reading is understood as reading without making mistakes or errors, that is, correct reading is reading without distorting the sound-letter structure and grammatical forms of a word, without omitting a sound or syllable in a word, without adding another sound, without changing the position of letters, with clear pronunciation, and with the correct stress on the word.

This article aims to study the didactic possibilities of using the 4K approach in the primary education system. The main components of this approach - communication, creativity, critical thinking and collaboration - allow students to not only provide theoretical knowledge, but also to shape them in accordance with the requirements of modern society. The 4K approach serves to develop students’ abilities to think independently, analyze logically and work in a team. The study highlights the effectiveness of the 4K approach in developing students’ problem-solving, creativity and communication skills. This model allows for the implementation of innovative methods and the widespread use of interactive teaching methods in the educational process. The role and significance of the approach in the primary education process, as well as its impact on the learning process, are analyzed. The article provides recommendations for improving the quality of education by implementing the 4K approach in practice.

Teaching physics is an interesting and complex field that requires constant research. Modern information technologies help in teaching science and scientific research. On the other hand, in an era of rapid development of science and technology, it can be difficult to interest modern students. In addition, information overload can lead to short-term retention of resources in the brain. Therefore, the ability to effectively use new technologies in each lesson is one of the main requirements for teachers [1]. This article discusses the issues of expanding the use of modern demonstration experiments in classes by professors and teachers in the higher education system and the formation of their skills and abilities to create new generations. It also aims to increase teaching efficiency through the use of real and virtual laboratories and develop teachers’ skills in creating demonstration experimental devices.

The article highlights that the theoretical model for developing creative abilities in students is grounded in concepts such as acmeology, the subject of acmeology, the subject of activity, maturity, professionalism, individualization, adaptation, and creative abilities. Developing students’ creative abilities is one of the pressing issues of today. Therefore, our article focuses on enhancing creative abilities during practical sessions in studying information technologies. An analysis of the quality of information technology education reveals that, in many cases, the existing teaching models are not designed to fully uncover students’ creative potential during the learning process. This may hinder the development of students’ individual abilities. Thus, it is necessary to modernize the teaching process and introduce new pedagogical approaches aimed at fostering creative abilities.

Creative abilities do not emerge on their own, their development requires specific conditions for intellectual progress as well as continuous self-improvement and active engagement by each individual. When organizing students’ creative activities, it is essential to consider two interconnected tasks. The first is to develop students’ ability to think independently during creative activities, foster their desire for acquiring knowledge, and shape their scientific worldview. The second is to teach them how to independently apply the acquired knowledge in education and practical activities. The article highlights the technologies, conditions, and principles for developing the creative abilities of primary school students. Additionally, innovative approaches aimed at enhancing students’ creative activities are analyzed. This process emphasizes the importance of utilizing modern methods in education and upbringing.

This article provides a detailed analysis of teaching mathematics in general education schools based on the methodology of integrative approaches. It examines the effectiveness of integrative methods in enabling students to master theoretical and practical knowledge, as well as forming and consolidating their sustainable understanding. The article highlights concepts such as integration, the method of integrated lessons, challenges of integrative classes, the idea of integrative education, and the integration course, emphasizing their importance in the educational process. Special attention is given to the potential of these approaches to enhance students’ interest in mathematics and develop their mathematical thinking. The study demonstrates the pedagogical efficiency of incorporating modern integrative methods into the learning process.

This article discusses the development and assessment of students’ creative potential in the context of the digitalization of the educational process and the improvement of modern diagnostic systems. Based on a literature review, existing methods and approaches to assessing creative potential are explored, and a new diagnostic system adapted to the digital learning environment is proposed. This field provides important directions for educators and educational institutions on how to make the learning process more modern, interactive, and personalized. Key theories include constructivist approaches, cognitive theories, sociocultural theories, TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge), learning management theories, and distance learning theories. These theories support the broad goals of educational digitalization, including the activation of the learning process, the individualization of learning, the promotion of social learning, the development of technological skills, the diversification of teaching methods, and the provision of opportunities for distance learning.

This scientific article is intended for students and teachers of “Fine Art and Engineering Graphics”, educators of preschool educational organizations to teach children the characteristics of colors and types of paint in the process of visual activity in preschool educational organizations, it reflects such issues as the goals and tasks of painting in the genre of fine art landscape, pedagogical skill of teaching fine art. Also, in preschool educational organizations, effective methods of teaching children about the properties of colors and types of paints, information about the main characteristics, meanings and nature of each color are presented, and practical exercise methods that work with colors will help them identify and know colors.

This article is dedicated to the pedagogical foundations of shaping ecological consciousness in primary school students. The article discusses the concept of ecological consciousness, pedagogical methods in the process of its formation, the role of the teacher, as well as practical methods for developing ecological responsibility in students. The research emphasizes the importance of pedagogical activities aimed at involving primary school students and changing their attitude towards the environment. This article presents the methodological foundations of environmental education, innovative approaches to shaping ecological consciousness, and specific recommendations for teaching students to protect nature. The article is a valuable resource for teachers, methodologists, and specialists in the field of environmental education.

This article explores the importance and methods of developing philosophical thinking in young children (ages 3-4) within preschool educational organizations. Cultivating philosophical thinking in this age group helps broaden their horizons, develop their ability to ask the right questions, and solve complex problems. The article focuses on methods and techniques that foster logical and critical thinking, as well as enhance the curiosity for learning. It also examines ways to successfully integrate philosophical thinking into the educational process of preschool institutions. This work will be useful for preschool educators who aim to effectively apply methods that nurture creative and logical thinking in children.

This article provides a detailed explanation of the true essence, theoretical foundations and significance of the scientific concept of the university model. The direct influence of historical, economic, social and cultural factors on the emergence and formation of university models is analyzed. As each model is formed and develops, its similarities and differences from the previous one are discussed. The study uses as an example the specific features of not only university models in Uzbekistan, but also Humboldt, American and Asian models, and their impact on the educational process so far is explained. In particular, the impact of third and fourth generation universities on the quality of knowledge in the current higher education system is significantly increasing. Therefore, special attention is paid to the possibilities and prospects of using these modern and advanced models in the higher education system of Uzbekistan. Through these analyses, the pace of development of university models and their impact on the quality of education are considered on a scientific basis.

In this article, the dynamics of the formation of physical fitness of young students in the direction of physical culture were determined based on practical tests, and the obtained data were analyzed comparatively. General physical training is aimed at strengthening health, forming a wide range of movement skills and abilities, and also at developing basic movement qualities that serve as a basis for special physical training. At the same time, regular physical training also serves to increase the functional fitness of students. The use of special programs in the process of physical training significantly improves student performance. This serves as an important basis for achieving high sports results in the future. The physical fitness of the experimental and control groups of short-distance runners was determined using special pedagogical tests.

This article discusses the introduction of natural sciences, namely SCIENCE, the creation of new-generation textbooks published in our country to further increase students’ interest in natural sciences, and the importance of 21st century skills in developing student potential. In recent years, our country’s participation in international assessment programs such as PISA and TIMSS in order to increase students' knowledge of natural sciences, and the contribution of these programs to the development of natural sciences, are analyzed. Also, the role and importance of natural sciences, namely SCIENCE, in the primary education system, as well as the reforms being implemented to develop this area, are discussed. The article concludes with proposals for improving methods and methods for natural sciences.

In today’s world, explaining ecological education and ecological upbringing to primary school students holds a special place. Indeed, various ecological problems are emerging day by day. The climate changes occurring in our country are leading to drought. Furthermore, the amount of waste produced by people and the calculation of daily water consumption can indeed astonish individuals. Teaching primary school students about ecological education and upbringing both inside and outside the classroom, and how to relate to nature and the environment is becoming one of the most pressing topics in educational theory and practice. This article discusses the essence of ecological education and upbringing, as well as their significance in human life and society. It outlines effective methods and tools for preserving the environment, utilizing natural resources wisely, developing ecological culture, and fostering ecological awareness among the younger generation. The article also provides information about the continuity of ecological education between families, preschool institutions, and primary school students, as well as the role and attitude of society in this process. This topic serves to address urgent issues related to environmental protection, achieve sustainable development goals, and ensure humanity's ecological safety.

The article emphasizes the importance of fostering positive motivation in preschool children for learning foreign languages. Using music, songs, and games in foreign language lessons serves as a powerful stimulus that helps satisfy children’s need for novelty in learning materials and variety in exercises, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the learning process. In this regard, the teacher should structure their activities in a way that strengthens students’ positive motivation, engages as many motivating factors as possible, increases the activating power of each motive, and enhances the effectiveness of situational motivational factors. Furthermore, the teacher must gain a deeper understanding of the underlying reasons behind children’s behavior, allowing them to manage not only students’ actions but also their motivation.