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LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPONOMIC
RELATIONS IN ENGLISH LINGUISTUCS
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7482000
N.K. Jumaeva
Master Degree Student
in Foreign Languages and Literature (English)
Chirchik State Pedagogical University
Annotation:
This article describes the lexical and semantic relation of
hyponyms in English linguistics, which means that analyzing deeply the features of
hyponyms and its characteristic features. Hyponymy is considered the one of the most
vital progresses in cognitive understanding of information, extremely significant
devices to classifying vocabulary and performing of the human perception. Linguistic
features of hyponyms are taken into consideration important when giving logical
meaning and connection to speech that help to express the meaning of the word.
Keywords:
hyponymy, hypero-hyponymic relation, lexical-semantic field,
lexicon models, lexical unit.
Introduction.
In lexical classification, hyponymic relations of words,
hierarchical structure of word combinations are considered important . Hyponymy is
one of the types of systematic relations of units at the lexical-semantic level of
language that is gender-type, reciprocal, hypero-hyponymicrelations. According to
giving different views about this relationship in the lexical system of language, we
rely on the facts that hypero-hyponymic relationships confirmed by many studies
which belong to universal connections if lexical units. The main relationship of
hyponymy is based on logical-semantic subordination that determines the
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hierarchical structure of individual semantic areas lexical layer of the language as a
whole, structuring the lexicon of the language.
The 21st century has been called the “age of multilingualism” by the European
Union, and the problem of effective learning and teaching of foreign languages is
becoming increasingly important. In particular, raising the intellectual potential of
young people in Uzbekistan, gaining a wide range of knowledge and professional
skills, as well as active communication with peers abroad, keeping abreast of all
events, innovations and changes in the world today, is the most important condition
for acquiring great intellectual wealth. Great opportunities have been created for them
to study foreign languages in depth. Like many other countries in the world,
Uzbekistan pays special attention to the teaching and learning of foreign languages as
a social direction of the state. There is every opportunity to keep abreast of the news
[1] .
Literary review.
Hyponymy is a less studied category in various systematic
languages and has been considered in the scientific work of a number of researchers.
The followings can be seen in the study of the problem of hyponymy in the work of
scientists. To this time, many foreigners linguists investigated on many branches of
language for instance, semantic and lexical characteristics of hyponymy that has been
argued in their scientific research works which were illustrated many precious ideas
and opinions. We can observe that the issue of hyponymy has been engaged in study
about this in the works of the following linguists: Finch. G “Linguistic terms and
concepts”, Firth J.R “Modes of meaning”, Cherry N “On Human Communication”,
Bierwish B.M “ Semantics and Translations”, Palmer F.R “Semantics”, O’Grady W,
Katamba F “Semantics and Pragmatics”, “The Analysis of Meaning” and Charles
W.Kreidler “Introducing English Semantics”.
Research Methodology.
The lexical units in this scheme are parts of the
hyponymic or taxonomic paradigm. Given the probability that the tree structure is in
an asymmetric state, it can be observed that each lexical unit can have many
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hyponyms, but they have a single hyperonymy. For example, if the word “juice” has
hyponyms such as “mandarin juice”, “Tropicana orange juice”, “navel orange juice”,
“orange juice” is their hyperonymy. The word “fruit juice” is the hyperonymy of
“orange juice”. According to English linguist Lions, “ these cross- categorical
relations are quasi hyponymy. But even in nominal taxonomies, we see some
differences in syntactic categories at the highest levels”[3]. Adjectives can also have
nominal hyperonyms, for example “emotion>happy, sad, angry”. Hyponymy is a
paradigmatic relationship in which the relationship between members of the same
syntactic category is represented. The inter-category relationship is called “quasi-
hyponymy” In some cases, a high degree of syntactic category differences is observed
in nominal taxonomy. For example, even though the word
“fruit”
in the picture above
is a noun phrase, it is used in the adjective form
“fruit juice”.
The orange juice
varieties
“navel”
and
“mandarin juice”
are represented at the bottom. Despite the
fact that the words
“herbal juice”
and
“vegetable juice”
in the primary stage are in
the unit of uncounted, the word
“juice”
is a noun in the category that is also not
counted.
Juice
Herbal j uice
Vegetable j uice F ruit j uice
Orange juice lemon juice pear juice
Tropicana orange juice navel orange juice
Figure 3
.Hyponymic relationship in lexical field
“Juice”
Conclusion.
The hyponym and hyperonym relationship is very important in
giving a logical connection in speech, expressing the meaning of words. There is no
clear basis for the fact that a hypero-hyponomic relationship is a linguistic- lexical
relationship rather than a cognitive-semantic relationship. The taxonomies of
hyponymy do not cover all types of relationships that fall into the general term. The
fact that functional hyponyms do not have to be part of hyperonyms, the range of
what is considered a hyponym in these taxonomies, suggests that hyponymy is a
Mandarin juice
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broad concept. English linguist A. Wierzbickadistinguishes hyponymic relations
based on the morpho-semantic properties of hyperonyms. These ideas raise the
question of the relationship between hyponymy and words or concepts or
meanings[4].
Easy and quick teaching of various terms to young people in teaching
English can increase the level of communication in this foreign language and allow
them to freely express their opinions in a foreign language.
THE LIST OF USED LITERATURE:
1.
Babajonova. D. New opportunities for learning foreign languages in Uzbekistan.
Current
research
journal
of
history.2(6).
2021.
P.43-48.
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-10
2.
J. Dzhumabaeva, N. Sabirova. The study of hyponymic taxonomy in English
linguistics and the lexical and semantic relations of hyponymy. Ilkogretim
Online-Elementary Education Online, 2020; 19(4): pp. 870-878.
Doi:10.17051/ilkonline.2020.04.195
3.
Lyons J. Semantics (2 vols) Cambridge University Press. 1977. P 293.
4.
A Wierzbicka. (1996). Semantics: Primes and universals: Primes and universals
5.
Dilrabo, Kattaboeva. "Effective strategies and techniques of teaching English
vocabulary." Academicia: An International Multidisciplinary Research
Journal 11.3 (2021): 1454-1457.
6.
Каттабаева, Дилрабо Каттабаевна. "Pragmatic and semantic features of
adjectival components in phraseological units." Молодой ученый 14 (2018):
75-77.
