International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
14
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
14-16
10.37547/ijhps/Volume05Issue01-04
The importance of political parties in shaping public
governance
Qarshiyev Nurmuhammad Olimjonovich
NUUZ: “Acting Associate Professor of the Department of "Political Science", Uzbekistan
Received:
24 October 2024;
Accepted:
26 December 2024;
Published:
16 January 2025
Abstract:
Since the emergence of humanity, governance relations have taken different forms in different eras and
have been formed in different ways. As the world community became more modern, the ways of forming the
administration became more democratized. Today, people's participation in the formation of state administration
is carried out through free, democratic and transparent elections. We can observe that the characteristics of the
electoral system are manifested in different ways in different countries of the world. Studying the importance of
the political party institution in the formation of state administration through elections is one of the urgent tasks
of modern political science.
In our country, in recent years, the importance of civil society institutions, in particular political parties, has been
increasing in shaping the system of public administration. As a result of reforms, political parties have become the
main institutions that form the government, along with the presidential and parliamentary institutions, which has
further increased its influence.
Keywords:
Political party, state governance, parliament, government, presidential institution, civil society,
democracy, elections, faction.
Introduction:
As democracy develops around the
world, the participation of political parties in state and
society-building is also growing. Ensuring the
participation of citizens in the formation of state
administration is carried out through certain
institutions in the society, and civil society institutions
in the conditions of modern democracy. In particular,
political parties are institutional organizations that
stand at the centre of these civil society institutions
from the point of view of their participation in the
formation of power and state administration. In
management relations, along with the diversity of
opinions, ideas, and ideologies, unanimity and unity in
decision-making are required. In a democratic society,
the formation of a multi-party system of government
ensures that the interests of the majority of social
strata in society are represented in it.
In recent years, Uzbekistan has also been implementing
numerous reforms aimed at building a people-oriented
state serving a free civil society based on democracy. In
particular, these include new constitutional reforms,
reform of the electoral system, and acceleration of
parliamentary reforms. The participation of political
parties in the formation of state governance is
enshrined in the Constitution and laws of the Republic
of Uzbekistan. In particular, Article 37 of the Election
Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, adopted in 2019,
stipulates that "political parties have the right to
nominate candidates for the presidency of the Republic
of Uzbekistan, candidates for deputies of the
Legislative Chamber, and candidates for deputies of
local Councils"[2].
It should also be noted that Article 118 of the
Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan stipulates
that “Candidacy of the Prime Minister of the Republic
of Uzbekistan for consideration and approval by the
Legislative Chamber shall be submitted by the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan following
consultations with all factions of political parties within
a month after the election of officials and the formation
of the bodies of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the
Republic of Uzbekistan or within a month after the
release from office or resignation of the Prime Minister
and the current composition of the Cabinet of
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
15
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
Ministers” [1], which we can see as one of the factors
indicating the important role of political parties in the
formation of governance.
Materials
Political parties are the most powerful institutions of
civil society, which shape state governance and aims to
achieve power. Political parties are one of the most
complex and at the same time most studied objects in
political science. The definition, distinctive features,
functions and role of political parties in the
development of society are interpreted differently by
different political scientists. We can conditionally
divide the political scientists who studied the
importance of political parties in the formation of state
administration into three groups. The first is the group
of Western scholars, including N. Machiavelli, M.
Duverger, M. Weber, T. Parsons, J. Sartori, La
Palombara, T. Hobbes, K. Zhanda, the second is the
group of Russian scholars, including M. Ostrogorsky, B.
Isayev, S. Lansov, V. Malsev, V. Pugachev, A. Solovyov,
and the third is the group of Uzbek scholars, including
Q. Nazarov, M. Kirgizboyev, A. Otamuradov, Sh.
Pakhrutdinov, I. Ergashev, S. Zhuraev, V. Kochkarov, Kh.
Odilqoriyev,
B. Yakubov, Kh.
Akhmedov, K.
Mirzaakhmedov.
According to the famous political scientist La
Palombara, political parties appear wherever the tasks
of the political system reach a certain level of
complexity or where political power concludes that the
population should participate in the life of the state and
society. A political party, organizing the people,
participates in the rotation of power[3].
Analyzing the above points of La Palombara, the
political party institution plays an important role in
ensuring the exchange of power. We should also
emphasize that for a political party to gain power, its
ideology must be able to follow the society, and its
electorate must be numerous and support it.
According to Uzbek political scientist B. Yakubov, “The
place and importance of political parties in the life of
society are manifested through the functions they
perform. Because political parties, which occupy a
special place in the life of society, perform several tasks
(functions) [4.
–
B. 352]. In particular, the scientist cited
many functions, such as the political function, the
representative function, the electoral function, the
social integration function, the political socialization
function, the function of attracting, selecting and
educating political leaders, the function of aggregating
political interests, the function of legitimizing power,
the control function, and the function of forming state
governance mechanisms, which form the basis of our
research topic.
According to B. Yakubov, the function of forming
mechanisms of state governance is one of the most
important functions for society, and is directly related
to the direct involvement of political parties in the
formation of a system of state and social governance
that will stably fulfil its functions after each election.
Political parties undoubtedly play a leading role in
these processes [4.
–
B. 355].
As we have seen above, political parties have been
researched by many foreign and local political scientists
as institutions that shape state administration.
Generally speaking, political parties are essentially
institutional, functional organizations aiming at power
and striving for governance.
METHODS
This study used institutional, functional, systemic-
structural, objective, and integrated approach
methodologies.
RESULTS
In political science, many scholars have given non-
repeating, yet similar definitions of political parties. In
general, there is no single, universally accepted
definition of political parties in modern political
science. However, most of the definitions given are
related to power, governance, parliament, and
electorate.
A political party is a group of persons organized to
acquire and exercise political power[6].
A political party basically, is a group of people. These
people come together to contest elections to hold
power in the government. It is a way to mobilize voters
to support common sets of interests, concerns, and
goals. The primary role of the political party is to fix the
political agenda and policies[7].
In democratic societies, political parties shape public
governance through fair and transparent elections. The
presence
of
multi-stakeholders
provides
an
opportunity to control management. That is, if a certain
political party is seen as the main political force in the
formation of the government, the fact that another
failed to enter the government through its unsuccessful
participation in the elections creates an environment of
mutual competition and ensures control. Therefore, it
can be concluded that there is a strong connection
between the party system and the electoral system.
The party system and the electoral system are
components of the political system.
The definition of the party as a subject participating in
the elections and the accentuation of the electoral
function as the most significant are some of the central
methodological trends of the functional approach.
Thus, its supporters virtually completely connect the
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
16
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
political life of the party exclusively with the electoral
process and the process of legitimate and legal
participation in power through elected bodies. So, the
political scientist J.La Palombara believes that each.
The party has the following characteristics:
—
represents an organization, i.e., a long-term
association of people;
—
sets the goal of conquering and maintaining power;
—
is the bearer of ideology;
—
trying to secure the support of the people[5].
Based on the above characteristics, a political party
seeks or holds power to exercise state governance. The
attractiveness of political party ideologies is one of the
most important means to achieve its goal.
DISCUSSION
Elections play an important role in the entry of political
parties into and shaping government. In most
democratic societies, elections are based on
transparency and fairness. Therefore, a multi-party
system is considered one of the main criteria of
democracy. Political parties are institutions that create
and promote certain ideologies in society, and the
formation of state administration takes place based on
ideological struggles through them. In our country, in
recent years, the participation of political parties in
determining the priority areas of socio-political and
economic development, and their participation in
solving the strategic tasks of modernization and reform
of the country, has significantly increased. Today, five
political parties in Uzbekistan are actively participating
in the formation of state governance through free,
democratic, and transparent elections. All political
parties in Uzbekistan have their representatives,
structures, and factions in parliament. The increased
role of political parties in the formation of the head of
government, the post of prime minister, and the fact
that this is enshrined in the constitution and laws is of
great importance. We have examined the political and
legal foundations of this process above. At the same
time, it is noteworthy that the practice of hearing the
annual reports of the heads of ministries in the
parliament and sending them parliamentary questions
based on the interests of the electorate has been
introduced.
CONCLUSION
Based on the above, political parties are an important
and at the same time the most ideologically and
institutionally powerful structure of civil society that
shapes state governance. Our study of political parties
as the main institution shaping state administration is
one of the urgent problems of today's political science.
There is a growing need to use new approaches to
studying political parties as institutions that shape
public governance.
Acknowledgement
Based on the research, we can put forward the
following proposals;
- increase scientific research on the importance of
political parties in the formation of public
administration;
- Study the importance of political parties in shaping
public administration based on advanced foreign
experience and adopt aspects relevant to Uzbekistan.
REFERENCES
This new edition of the Constitution of the Republic of
Uzbekistan was adopted by nationwide vote at the
referendum of the Republic of Uzbekistan held on April
30, 2023. https://constitution.uz/en
Ўзбекистон
Республикаси
“Сайлов
Кодекси”
26.06.2019. https://lex.uz/docs/4386848
La Palombara J., Weiner M. Political parties and
political development.
–
The origin and development of
political parties (Princeton, NJ, 1966), p. 3-4.
Bo‘taev U.X. Siyosatshunoslik [Matn]: darslik / U.X.
Bo‘taev –
Toshkent: Info Capital Books, 2024. 480-bet.
La Palombara J. Politics within Nations. En-glewood
Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1974. XII, 626 p.
Political
party.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-party
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Parties.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/political-
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