International Journal Of Literature And Languages
26
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
26-28
10.37547/ijll/Volume05Issue01-06
Introductory words in the Russian language: typology
and their classification
Kobilov Abdumumin Karshievich
Academic Lyceum of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the city of Samarkand, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Received:
24 October 2024;
Accepted:
26 December 2024;
Published:
16 January 2025
Abstract:
This article examines lexical and grammatical units - introductory and modal words and provides their
classification. The study presents a linguistic picture that reflects the degree of study of the use of introductory
words and constructions. Based on the works of leading grammarians such as Vinogradov, Shakhmatov,
Peshkovsky, Paducheva, and others, the definition of introductory and modal words is formulated and their main
categories are presented. The functions of introductory words in a fiction text are also studied.
Keywords:
Introductory words, modal words, modality, egocentric valence.
Introduction:
Introductory words are an important
element of the Russian language, performing the
functions of modality, structural organization of the
text and expression of the speaker's attitude to the
content of the utterance. This article examines the
typology of introductory words, their semantic
functions and role in the construction of the text, as
well as typical errors associated with their use.
Introductory words are a special group of words and
phrases that are not part of the grammatical structure
of a sentence, but serve to express various shades of
meaning: confidence, doubt, emotional attitude and
others. Their use helps to clarify, emphasize and
organize information in the text.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the functions
and types of introductory words in the Russian
language, as well as to identify their influence on the
perception of the text.
Definition and features of introductory words
Introductory words are words or set expressions that:
1. Are not members of a sentence (do not answer
questions and are not syntactically related to other
words).
2. Are separated by commas, dashes or other
punctuation marks.
3. Express the speaker's attitude to the content of the
utterance, structure the text or express modality.
Example:
• "Fortunately, the rain has stopped."
• "Apparently, it has already left."
Typology of introductory words
Introductory words can be classified according to their
semantic function:
1. Words expressing confidence, doubt or assumption:
• Confidence: of course, undoubtedly, definitely.
• Doubt: probably, possibly, perhaps.
• Assumption: it seems, apparently, probably.
2. Words expressing emotional assessment:
• Joy: fortunately, to our joy.
• Regret:
unfortunately, alas.
3. Words structuring the text:
• Order of presentation: firstly, secondly, finally.
• Summary: thus, therefore.
4. Words indicating the source of information:
• In the opinion of the speaker: they say, by hearsay, in
my opinion.
• Refe
rence to authority: as is known, as he claims.
5. Words expressing a general attitude to what was
said:
• Attracting attention: you see, you know, you
understand.
• Evaluation of content: in general, in essence, on the
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
whole.
Functions of introductory words in the text
1. Communicative function: help establish contact
between the author and the reader.
• Example: "As you understand, this matters."
2. Structural function: ensure logical coherence of the
text.
• Example: "First, we will discuss the goals, and second,
the methods for achieving them."
3. Modal function: express the author's attitude to the
reported.
• Example: "The train will probably b
e delayed."
4. Emotional-expressive function: convey emotions and
subjective attitude.
• Example: "Fortunately, everything ended well."
Errors and difficulties in using introductory words
1. Incorrect punctuation:
• Error: "First of all, we agreed."
• Corr
ect: "First of all, we agreed."
2. Mixing introductory and sentence parts:
• Error: "He was probably late." (without a comma)
• Correct: "He was probably late."
3. Excessive use:
• Frequent repetition of introductory words makes the
text heavier.
• Example
: "As if, probably, after all, he might agree."
4. Stylistic inconsistency:
• Introductory words should match the style of the text.
For example, the expression "if you want" is not
advisable to use in a scientific article.
The role of introductory words in written and spoken
language
1. In written language:
• Provide structural clarity of the text.
• Make the text logically consistent.
2. In spoken language:
• Simplify the perception of information.
• Serve to attract the attention of the interlocutor.
Among the unchangeable independent words there are
those that are not at all any part of the sentence:
probably, of course, apparently, etc. Thus, these words
cannot be considered either as nouns, or as adverbs or
a category of state.
“In the Russian grammati
cal tradition, there are two
approaches to determining the belonging of these
words to parts of speech. The first is associated with the
names of L.V. Shcherba and V.N. Sidorov. These
scientists defended the thesis that not all words can be
attributed to one or another part of speech: yes, no,
hello, please. They also included unchangeable
independent words that are incapable of being any
member of a sentence among words outside parts of
speech” [Beloshapkova, 1989].
The second approach to the question of the status of
these words is associated with the works of V.V.
Vinogradov. He saw in them a common syntactic
function and a common nominative function. “The
nominative commonality, according to Vinogradov,
consists in the fact that with the help of these words
the speaker’s attitude to reality is expressed, as well as
to the form and content of the utterance about this
reality. Modal words include not only words like
probably, but also words like firstly, so, therefore”
[Beloshapkova, 1989].
Thus, modal words are a special part of speech of
unchangeable significant words that are incapable of
being any member of a sentence. These words are
independent and unchangeable. It is important to
distinguish modal words as a part of speech from
others from other parts of speech used as introductory
words.
CONCLUSION
Introductory words are an important means of
expressing
modality,
text
organization
and
communication. Their correct use contributes to the
creation of a logically structured and stylistically
accurate text. However, it is necessary to take into
account stylistic appropriateness and avoid excessive
use of introductory constructions.
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