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THE IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM IN FORMING A SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY
Muzaffarova Kamola Zoirovna
Senior Lecturer at the University of Information Technologies and Management
Shermamatova Farangiz Marat kizi
Student at the University of Information Technologies and Management
Annotation
This article talks about the role and importance of tourism in the formation of a sustainable
economy. The issues of introducing investments into the national economy through tourism,
creating new jobs, and developing business activities were also widely covered.
Key words:
tourism, tourist, tourist area, gastronomik tourism, investment, foreign
investment, export, import, innovative technologies.
Introduction.
Tourism is becoming an important component of economic growth and social
development in todayʻs globalized world. This activity is an important source of income for various
countries and serves to expand cultural, social and economic relations between people. At the same
time, the role of tourism in shaping a sustainable economy is of particular importance.
Understanding its role and importance requires a focus on expanding value added, enhancing
societal well-being, and protecting the environment.
It is known that improving the organizational economic base is the main means of ensuring
social and economic stability in the field of tourism - for its effective development. The basis for the
implementation of economic relations in the tourism industry is primarily determined by the
presence of highly developed organizational structures, their impact on ensuring the stability of
economic relations in the tourism sector, and the broad opportunities for implementing an improved
regulatory and legal system. Accordingly, for the effective development of the tourism market, it is
necessary to build an improved tourism infrastructure.
Literature review.
As is known, tourism is one of the important sectors of the service sector.
Today, tourism is considered one of the most important sectors of the national economy in our
republic. Therefore, our country is taking a serious approach to the development of tourism based
on innovative ideas and innovative approaches.
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Tourism" defines tourism as follows: "Tourism
is the departure (travel) of an individual from his permanent place of residence for a period of no
more than one year without engaging in paid activity in the place (country) visited for health,
educational, professional, practical or other purposes." [1]
Also, Kudratov G.Kh. and Tukhliev I.S. in their textbook on the subject of "Tourism
Economics" defined it as follows: "Tourism is a diversified cross-sectoral social and household
infrastructure complex that has production and non-production functions and is formed from the
tourism industry."
Despite numerous works devoted to the use and development of tourism potential, there is a
lack of various descriptions, approaches to various crisis phenomena, including their further
development, as well as modeling of factors affecting the development of tourism and its potential
in such complex conditions, which justifies the relevance of this study.
It is important that the tourism infrastructure creates the necessary conditions for ensuring
active interaction between various economic systems and the main subjects of these systems. We
will consider scientific-theoretical approaches to elucidate the nature of the categories
"infrastructure", "tourism infrastructure" in economic literature. A.A. Govorin in his work
“Infrastructure of Modern Entrepreneurship: Problems of Theory and Practice” says: It should be
noted that there are two methodological approaches to determining the essence and content of
infrastructure: the network approach and the functional approach.[2] In the network approach,
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infrastructure is defined as a set of networks that provide general conditions for social production.
In the second functional approach, infrastructure is considered as an important set of organizational,
production and social functions.
Methodology.
The purpose of this study is to improve the methodological and practical
approaches to improving the tourism sector and tourism infrastructure in the formation of a
sustainable economy in our country, to analyze the importance of the modern economic system in it,
and to identify areas for its further development and formation. In the process of scientific study of
the topic, statistical analysis, logic, analysis and research, various literature and articles were used.
Discussion and results
. In economic literature, the term “tourism infrastructure” or “tourist
infrastructure” is mainly used. We will focus on the main point of view on this issue. I.V. Zorin and
V.A. Kvartalnov define tourism infrastructure as a set of buildings and structures, systems and
services necessary for the formation of tourism [3]. It is also necessary to ensure the comprehensive
development of infrastructure, both on a national scale and in individual regions, to develop
inbound and domestic tourism.
Thus, Tourism Infrastructure is a system that supports the tourism industry and includes
various facilities, services and institutions necessary for its effective operation. Its main elements
are:
- transport infrastructure: important for tourists transport and roads, airports, railway stations,
bus stations and ports. These factors provide convenient and fast transportation for tourists.
- tourism infrastructure facilities: hotels, motels, hostels, boarding houses, spas, restaurants
and cafes. Here tourists have conditions for their recreation.
- educational and entertainment infrastructure: museums, galleries, historical and cultural
monuments, theaters, cinemas, music concerts and other types of entertainment events.
- special infrastructure: sports fields, ecotourism routes, parks, basins and water sports fields.
- communication and information infrastructure: tourist information centers, online tourism
platforms, guides, and internet services.
- energy and utilities: electricity, water supply, sewage, transportation and waste processing
services.
If the tourism infrastructure works stably and effectively, it will help to develop the tourism
sector of the country.
Tourism development in Uzbekistan has been growing rapidly since 2016. The government
has taken important steps to promote tourism by increasing investment in tourism infrastructure and
opening new air routes in partnership with international airlines. This contributes to economic
growth and improving the living standards of the population.
The development of the tourism sector in our country has been given attention at the level of
state policy since the first years of independence. All the necessary organizational and legal
mechanisms have been created and important regulatory documents have been adopted for the
development of this sector, and this continues to this day. In order for tourism to flourish in our
country, to raise it to new heights, and to transform our country into one of the worldʻs leading
tourism countries, it was first necessary to create a legal basis. Therefore, Laws and Codes of the
Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan on this issue, a number of Decrees and resolutions of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Tourism, resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of the
Republic, instructions, directives and procedures of the Ministry of Justice and other relevant state
agencies have been developed and implemented.[4]
In January-February 2024, a total of 16.9 thousand foreign citizens visited the Republic of
Uzbekistan for business purposes. This figure increased by 11.5 thousand people, or 3.1 times,
compared to the same period last year. In the first 2 months of this year, the largest number of
citizens of the following countries came to Uzbekistan for business purposes (persons):
Turkmenistan - 12,013; Tajikistan - 2,937; Afghanistan - 582, China - 260, Turkey - 243, India -
167, South Korea - 133, Kyrgyzstan - 101, Iran - 65, USA - 61, Other countries - 384.[5]
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Conclusion and suggestions
. Uzbekistan has a huge tourism and recreation potential, with a
total of 8.2 thousand cultural heritage sites, 209 of which are located in four museum cities - Ichan
Kala in Khiva, the historical center of Bukhara, the historical center of Shakhrisabz, and Samarkand,
which are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.[6]
At the same time, a number of works have been carried out to develop the tourism sector in
Kashkadarya region. On March 1, 2021, the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic
of Uzbekistan “On measures to further support and develop the tourism sector in Kashkadarya
region” was adopted.
One of the potential and promising types of tourism in the Kashkadarya region is pilgrimage
tourism. Its unique feature is that it has a positive impact on the formation of a complete person,
both physically and spiritually.[7]
It is important to implement the following strategic tasks for the development of tourism in
Kashkadarya region:
- improvement of the management system in the development of the tourism network;
- simplifying the procedures for issuing visas, licenses and permits in the tourism sector;
- creating new tourism destinations in the region, developing modern types of tourism, and
increasing their attractiveness.
- creating a website that informs tourists about historical monuments, historical figures,
territorial and administrative structure of the region, as well as customs and traditions;
- to create a special software system for the training of guides working in the field of tourism
in our region and to evaluate their knowledge and skills, to develop and implement a separate
project aimed at limiting the participation of the human factor as much as possible in conducting
exams and training guides.
Used literature:
1. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Tourism", Article 3 July 18, 2019
2. Говорин А.А. Инфраструктура современного предпринимательства: проблемы
теории и практики. – М.: ЗАО «Финстатинформ», 1999.
3. И.В.Зорин, В.А.Кварталнов. Туристский терминологический словар: справочно
методическое пособие. — М.: Советский спорт, 1999.
4. Strategy of the New Uzbekistan/Sh.M. Mirziyoyev – Tashkent: "Uzbekistan" publishing
house, 2021. p. 173
5.https://qashstat.uz/uz/matbuot-markazi/qoʻmita-yangiliklar/12343
6. “Turizm yoʻnalishidagi islohotlarni yanada jadallashtirish va sohada davlat boshqaruvi
tizimini samarali tashkil qilish chora-tadbirlari” toʻgʻrisidagi Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi
Prezidentining Qarori, 27.07.2023-yil PQ-238-son
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