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Прагматика имеет широкое применение в различных областях. Например, в области
преподавания иностранных языков знание прагматики помогает преподавателю объяснить
студентам, как использовать язык не только грамматически правильно, но и в социально
уместных контекстах. В психолингвистике прагматика важна для понимания того, как люди
интерпретируют и реагируют на высказывания в реальном времени.
Прагматика также важна в таких областях, как переводы, где необходимо учитывать не
только буквальное значение, но и культурные и социальные аспекты, чтобы адекватно
передать смысл высказывания.
Заключение
Прагматика является важнейшим разделом лингвистики, который помогает понять,
как люди используют язык для передачи значений в различных контекстах. Изучение
прагматики позволяет глубже понять, как работает коммуникация, как различные
социальные, культурные и когнитивные факторы влияют на восприятие и интерпретацию
речи. Ее применение охватывает широкий спектр областей, от преподавания языков до
межкультурных исследований и анализа разговорной речи.
Список использованной литературы:
1. Левинсон, С. C. (1983). Прагматика. Издательство Кембриджского университета.
2. Спербер, Д., & Уилсон, Д. (1995). Актуальность: Коммуникация и познание. Блэкуэлл.
3. Грайс, Х. P. (1975). Логика и диалог. В П. Коул и Дж. Морган (ред.), Синтаксис и
семантика, т. 3: Речевые акты (стр. 41-58). Академическая пресса.
4. Браун, П., & Левинсон, С. C. (1987). Вежливость: некоторые универсалии в
использовании языка. Издательство Кембриджского университета.
GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON LANGUAGE POLICIES AND EDUCATION
Jalgashbayeva Nilufar Shukhratovna, Second year Master’s degree student
Translation Faculty, UzSWLU
Scientific advisor: Alisher Akhmatovich Khamidov
Abstract:
Globalization has significantly influenced language policies and education systems
worldwide. The increasing interconnectedness of societies has led to the dominance of certain
global languages, especially English, while some indigenous languages face the risk of extinction.
Governments and educational institutions are adapting their language policies to balance the need
for global communication and the preservation of linguistic diversity. This article explores the
effects of globalization on language policies, educational curricula, and the role of
multilingualism in modern education.
Keywords:
Globalization, language policy, multilingualism, education, linguistic diversity,
English dominance, indigenous languages, curriculum development.
Globalization has transformed various aspects of human life, including language policies
and education. The rapid exchange of information, international trade, migration, and
technological advancements have contributed to the dominance of certain languages, particularly
English. This has led to significant changes in how governments and educational institutions
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approach language learning and preservation. While globalization fosters communication and
cooperation across nations, it also raises concerns about the future of linguistic diversity and the
survival of minority languages.
One of the most noticeable effects of globalization is the increasing role of English as a
global lingua franca. Many countries have incorporated English into their educational curricula,
making it a compulsory subject from an early age. This trend has been particularly strong in
developing nations, where proficiency in English is seen as a gateway to better economic
opportunities and global participation. As a result, English-medium education has expanded, often
at the expense of local languages.
Despite the benefits of global language integration, the growing dominance of English and
other major languages threatens indigenous and minority languages. Many smaller language
communities struggle to pass their native tongues to younger generations, leading to language
endangerment and, in some cases, extinction. Linguists and policymakers have emphasized the
need for protective measures, such as bilingual education programs, language revitalization
initiatives, and government-supported linguistic research.
Language policies are evolving to address the challenges posed by globalization. Some
governments are implementing multilingual education systems to ensure that students are
proficient in both a global language and their native language. This approach not only preserves
cultural identity but also enhances cognitive abilities and social integration. Countries like Canada,
Switzerland, and India have successfully maintained multilingual policies that support linguistic
diversity while embracing global communication.
Another critical aspect of globalization’s impact on education is the digitalization of
learning. Online courses, virtual classrooms, and artificial intelligence-driven language tools have
made language learning more accessible. Students can now learn multiple languages through
digital platforms, breaking traditional barriers to education. However, this also means that
dominant languages like English, Mandarin, and Spanish are more widely available, further
marginalizing less commonly spoken languages.
The influence of globalization on language policies is also evident in higher education.
Universities worldwide are increasingly offering courses in English to attract international students
and boost global rankings. While this strategy benefits students seeking international careers, it
may reduce the incentive to study in local languages, weakening academic traditions in non-
English-speaking countries. Some institutions are addressing this by promoting dual-language
programs or offering translation and interpretation studies to balance the demand for global
education with linguistic preservation.
Cultural identity and language are deeply interconnected, and the erosion of native
languages can lead to the loss of traditional knowledge, customs, and history. Many communities
recognize this risk and are taking action to document and revive endangered languages. Social
media, podcasts, and digital storytelling have become powerful tools for language preservation,
allowing native speakers to share their linguistic heritage with a global audience.
Governments and international organizations play a crucial role in shaping language
policies that balance globalization’s demands with linguistic diversity. UNESCO and other
institutions have launched initiatives to support multilingual education and protect endangered
languages. Countries that prioritize inclusive language policies tend to experience better social
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cohesion and educational outcomes, as students benefit from learning in their mother tongue while
gaining proficiency in global languages.
Ultimately, globalization presents both opportunities and challenges for language policies
and education. While it facilitates cross-cultural communication and economic growth, it also
poses a threat to linguistic diversity. The key to a sustainable linguistic future lies in a balanced
approach—one that encourages global language learning without neglecting the importance of
native languages. Educational institutions, policymakers, and communities must collaborate to
ensure that globalization enriches rather than diminishes the world’s linguistic heritage.
In conclusion, the impact of globalization on language policies and education is profound
and multifaceted. By implementing inclusive language policies, investing in multilingual
education, and leveraging digital tools for language preservation, societies can embrace
globalization while safeguarding their linguistic and cultural identities. The challenge lies in
finding the right balance between embracing international communication and preserving the
unique languages that define different cultures across the world.
References
1. Crystal, D. (2003). English as a Global Language (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2. Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford University Press.
3. Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (2000). Linguistic Genocide in Education – Or Worldwide Diversity and
Human Rights? Routledge.
4. Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2015). Multilingual Education: Between Language Learning and
Translanguaging. Cambridge University Press.
5. Fishman, J. A. (2001). Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift,
Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective. Multilingual Matters.
6. Graddol, D. (2006). English Next: Why Global English May Mean the End of ‘English as a
Foreign Language’. British Council.
7. UNESCO. (2019). Language Vitality and Endangerment. Retrieved from www.unesco.org
8. Hornberger, N. H. (2009). Multilingual Education Policy and Practice: Ten Certainties
(Grounded in Indigenous Experience). Language Teaching, 42(2), 197–211.
9. García, O., & Lin, A. M. Y. (2017). Translanguaging in Bilingual Education. Springer.
10. Baker, C. (2011). Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism (5th ed.). Multilingual
Matters.
THE USE OF ARTISTIC DEVICES IN KARAKALPAK FOLK SONGS
Juginisovs X, Student of KSU
Scientific advisor: Kudaybergenova S
Abstract:
The article provides a general description of the function of artistic devices in poetic
lines.
Keywords
: classical literature, folk songs, literary arts, tropes, metaphor, subject.
If we look at the classical literature of any nation, folk songs occupy a certain place within it.
The Karakalpak people treated their songs with great respect. Poetry is considered an artistic image
of the most beautiful phenomena in nature. In ancient times, poets, zhyrau-bakhshis, musicians,
