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English has undeniably become a central force in the creation and spread of new words
across the world. Its presence in technology, media, and global business has made it an essential
source for linguistic innovation.
As English continues to influence global communication, its role in the creation of new words will
likely grow, further solidifying its place in the evolution of modern languages.
References
1. Crystal, D. (2003). English as a Global Language. Cambridge University Press.
2. Graddol, D. (2006). English Next: Why Global English May Mean the End of 'English as a
Foreign Language'. British Council.
3.Macmillan Dictionary. (2014). The Global Influence of English. Macmillan Publishers.
4.Seidlhofer, B. (2011). Understanding English as a Lingua Franca. Oxford University Press.
5.Barber, C. (2009). The English Language: A Historical Introduction. Cambridge University
Press.
6.Dawson, M. (2014). Language and Globalization. Routledge.
7.Pennycook, A. (2007). Global Englishes and Trans-cultural Flows. Rout-ledge.
8.Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Anchor Books.
9.Seargeant, P. (2012). English in the World: Global Rules, Global Roles. Rutledge.
10.Zagórska, J. (2016). The Role of English in Global Communication and Neologism Creation.
Journal of Linguistic Studies.
This outline, including references, will help guide you through writing a detailed and well-
supported article on how English drives the creation of new words worldwide. Make sure to
elaborate on each section and cite the references as needed to provide a robust, well-researched
piece.
ETHNOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF UZBEK PROVERBS (BASED ON THE NAMES OF
FOOTWEAR AND THEIR PARTS)
Sa’dullayeva Sevinchxon
Student of Denau Institute of Entrepreneurship and edagogy
Scientific advisor: Makhsumov Rustam Makhamadiyevich
Annotation.
This article presents an ethnolinguistic study of Uzbek proverbs related to footwear
and its parts. The research analyzes the semantic properties of such proverbs, their symbolic
meanings, and ethnographic aspects. A comparative study with other Turkic languages highlights
cultural similarities and differences. The findings indicate that proverbs related to footwear reflect
social status, labor practices, and everyday life in Uzbek culture.
Keywords:
proverbs, ethnolinguistics, footwear, semantics, folk wisdom, culture, Turkic
languages.
Uzbek proverbs serve as a reflection of the people's worldview, traditions, and cultural
values. They encapsulate centuries of wisdom and experience, providing guidance for various
aspects of life. Proverbs related to footwear, its parts, and usage offer deep insights into social
status, labor activities, and ethical values.
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The main objective of this study is to analyze the semantic, linguistic, and cultural aspects
of footwear-related Uzbek proverbs and compare them with their equivalents in other Turkic
languages. This research aims to uncover how these proverbs represent the cultural identity and
historical consciousness of the Uzbek people. This study employs the following research methods:
1. Descriptive Analysis
The structural and semantic components of proverbs were examined to understand their
deeper meanings. For example, the proverb “Oyog‘ingni sholig‘ingga qarab uzat” (Stretch your
legs according to your blanket) conveys the idea of acting within one's means. In this proverb,
“oyoq” (leg) symbolizes movement and ambition, while “sholig‘” (blanket) represents available
resources.
2. Semantic Analysis
The research focuses on the symbolic meanings embedded in footwear-related proverbs.
For instance, “Etik kiygan tovonini o‘ylaydi” (One who wears boots thinks about his heels)
suggests that when a person achieves comfort, they begin prioritizing personal interests. Here,
“etik” (boot) symbolizes security and well-being, while “tovon” (heel) signifies self-interest.
3. Comparative Approach
To explore linguistic and cultural parallels, Uzbek proverbs were compared with those in
other Turkic languages. For example, the Uzbek proverb
“
Otangdan qolgan etikni kiy, ammo
yo‘lini o‘zgartirma”
(Wear the boots inherited from your father, but do not change his path)
closely resembles the Kazakh proverb
“Atangnıñ jolımen jür, ayağın tura jolğa sal”
(Walk in
your father’s path, keep your feet on the right road), both emphasizing the importance of following
ancestral traditions.
4
.
Ethnolinguistic Analysis
The study examines how proverbs reflect historical and social contexts. For instance, the
proverb
“Katta etik kiyganning qadamini ayt”
(Pay attention to the footsteps of one who wears
big boots) highlights the wisdom of experienced elders in traditional pastoral and agricultural
societies
The research findings demonstrate that proverbs related to footwear play a significant role
in Uzbek linguistic and cultural heritage. These proverbs can be categorized into the following
groups:
Proverbs Related to Social Status and Character
These proverbs highlight an individual's place in society and personal qualities. Footwear is often
used metaphorically to indicate wealth, poverty, or reputation. Examples include:
“Katta etik
kiyganning qadamini ayt”
– This proverb advises seeking guidance from experienced individuals.
“Etik kiygan tovonini o‘ylaydi”
– This implies that once a person attains security, they become
more self-centered.
Comparisons with other Turkic languages reveal that footwear is a common symbol of social
status. For example, in Kazakh,
“Shikiz ayağynen jürme”
(Do not walk barefoot) metaphorically
advises maintaining one’s dignity and status.
Proverbs Conveying Life Lessons and Wisdom
These proverbs emphasize caution, planning, and practicality in life. Examples include:
“Oyog‘ingni sholig‘ingga qarab uzat”
– Encourages acting within one's financial means.
“Tor
etik kiyganning yuzi yorug‘ bo‘lmaydi”
– Suggests that a person in discomfort cannot truly be
267
happy. Similar expressions exist in other Turkic languages. In Turkish,
“Ayağına göre pabuc
giy”
(Wear shoes according to your feet) carries the same meaning as the Uzbek proverb.
Proverbs Reflecting Ethnographic and Historical Aspects
These proverbs shed light on the historical way of life and traditional customs. Examples include:
“Otangdan qolgan etikni kiy, ammo yo‘lini o‘zgartirma”
– Emphasizes the importance of
preserving ancestral heritage.
“Tovoni qattiqning yo‘li uzoq”
– Suggests that resilient people
endure hardships and achieve success. Through comparative analysis, it is evident that footwear-
related proverbs are an integral part of Turkic folk wisdom, symbolizing resilience, tradition, and
personal responsibility
Proverbs related to footwear reflect key aspects of Uzbek culture, particularly in terms of social
status, personal character, and historical values. Since footwear is a vital part of a person’s outward
appearance, it often serves as a metaphor for an individual’s social standing and life choices.
The analysis shows that Uzbek proverbs frequently use footwear characteristics—such as newness,
oldness, cleanliness, or durability—to comment on human behavior and life conditions. For
example:
“Yangi etik topib, eski oyog‘ingni yo‘qotma”
(Do not lose your old feet after finding
new boots) advises against forgetting one’s roots when achieving success.
“Tagi yirtiq etikning tagiga suv kirsa, egasining ko‘ngli buziladi”
(When water seeps into a torn
boot, its owner’s heart grows heavy) metaphorically illustrates the emotional burden of hardship.
Comparative analysis with other Turkic languages reveals that similar proverbs exist across
cultures. For instance, in Kazakh,
“Etik tagı qalin bolsa da, qadam mustahkam bolmasa –
paydasi joq”
(Even if a boot has a thick sole, it is useless without a firm step) highlights the idea
that external advantages are meaningless without determination. Additionally, specific footwear
components hold symbolic meanings in proverbs. For example: Heel (tovon) represents stability
and personal priorities. Sole (taglik) symbolizes a strong foundation or life’s fundamental
principles. Footwear-related proverbs offer valuable insights into historical perspectives,
particularly the importance of durable and practical shoes in agrarian and nomadic societies.
Although modern lifestyles have changed, many of these proverbs remain relevant in
contemporary Uzbek speech.
The study demonstrates that footwear-related proverbs serve as an important linguistic and
cultural tool for understanding Uzbek social values, life experiences, and traditions. These
proverbs are not just didactic expressions but also linguistic artifacts that encapsulate centuries of
folk wisdom.
The semantic analysis of these proverbs reveals that footwear is a powerful metaphor for
human life, social position, and ethical principles. Comparative research with other Turkic
languages shows significant linguistic and cultural parallels, highlighting the shared worldview of
Turkic-speaking communities.
Future research could further explore the psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic aspects of
footwear-related proverbs, investigating their usage in modern discourse. Additionally, examining
how these proverbs evolve over time could provide insights into cultural and linguistic change. As
an integral part of folk heritage, Uzbek proverbs offer valuable lessons in both linguistic and
cultural studies. Their preservation and continued analysis will contribute to a deeper
understanding of Uzbek identity and historical consciousness.
268
References
1.
Bartold, V. V. (1927). Turkic Proverbs and Their Origins. Moscow: Nauka.
2.
Hasanov, A. (1998). Uzbek Folk Proverbs and Their Semantic Analysis. Tashkent: Fan.
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5.
Khudoyberdiyev, M. (2012). Ethnolinguistics and Folk Thought. Tashkent: O‘zbekiston.
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texnologiya.
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Sapozhnikov, I. A. (1976). Turk xalqlarining an’anaviy kiyimlari va ularning tarixi. Sankt-
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11.
Soatov, I., & Temirova M. (2024). Perceptions and challenges encountered by teachers who
are currently struggling to implement English as a medium of instruction at denau institute of
entrepreneurship and pedagogy. News of the nuuz, 1(1.4), 183-186.
12.
Temirova M. A., & Maxsumov R. M. (2024). Linguо-сulturаl аnаlysis оf the texts оf
trаditiоnаl English аnd uzbek сhildren's роems.
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sciences
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5
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professions from English into Uzbek.
Развитие и актуальные вопросы современной науки
, (6),
29-31.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ТРАДИЦИОННОЙ И СОВРЕМЕННОЙ
ГРАММАТИЧЕСКОЙ ПАРАДИГМЫ
Сейтбаева Айгуль Сарыбайевна
студентка Каракалпакского государственного университета
Научный консультант:Тажигалиева Марина Тлеубаевна
Аннотация.
В данной статье рассматривается сравнительный анализ традиционной и
современной грамматической парадигмы немецкого языка. В работе освещаются
ключевые принципы традиционной грамматики, основанные на строгих морфологических
и синтаксических правилах, а также современные подходы, отражающие влияние
когнитивной лингвистики, функциональной грамматики и цифровой коммуникации.
Особое внимание уделяется изменениям в трактовке грамматических категорий,
гибкости норм и их адаптации к современным языковым реалиям. В результате анализа
выявлены основные различия между традиционными и современными подходами, а также
перспективы развития грамматической парадигмы немецкого языка.
