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TYPES OF SPEECH DISORDERS THAT ARE DISTINGUISHED IN MEDICAL-
PEDAGOGICAL CLASSIFICATION.
Eshbayeva Ozoda Yuldashevna,
Information technology and management university
Senior teacher of the Department of pedagogy
Tel:+998975620099
Email:ozodaeshbayeva@gmail.com
Abstract:
This article provides a detailed analysis of types of speech disorders according to the
medical-pedagogical classification and explores their primary causes. Speech disorders are
among the key factors directly influencing a child’s psychophysical development, and if not
identified in time, they can lead to serious difficulties in social adaptation and learning. From a
medical-pedagogical perspective, speech disorders are classified into several main groups:
phonetic-phonemic disorders, general underdevelopment of speech (GUS), motor and sensory
aphasia, stuttering, rhinolalia, and others. Each group is characterized by specific clinical
features, etiology, and methods of correction. The article examines each disorder type separately,
offering scientifically grounded insights into diagnosis, rehabilitation, and correctional strategies.
It also discusses the role of modern medical and pedagogical technologies in treating speech
disorders. This material can be valuable for speech therapists, defectologists, medical
professionals, and students studying in the field of special pedagogy.
Keywords:
speech disorders, medical-pedagogical classification, phonetic-phonemic disorder,
general underdevelopment of speech, aphasia, stuttering, rhinolalia, speech therapy, correctional
methods, rehabilitation.
Аннотация:
В данной статье подробно рассматриваются типы речевых нарушений в
рамках медико-педагогической классификации, а также их основные причины. Речевые
нарушения являются одним из факторов, непосредственно влияющих на психофизическое
развитие ребенка. Несвоевременное выявление таких нарушений может вызвать
серьезные проблемы в социальной адаптации и обучении. Согласно медико-
педагогическому подходу, речевые нарушения делятся на несколько основных групп:
фонетико-фонематические расстройства, общее недоразвитие речи (ОНР), моторная и
сенсорная афазия, заикание, ринолалия и другие. Каждая из этих групп имеет свои
клинические особенности, этиологию и методы коррекции. В статье отдельно
рассматриваются каждый тип нарушений, дается научно обоснованное мнение о
диагностике, реабилитации и коррекционных методах. Также анализируется роль
современных медицинских и педагогических технологий в устранении речевых
нарушений. Материал будет полезен логопедам, дефектологам, медицинским работникам
и студентам, обучающимся по специальности “специальная педагогика”.
Ключевые слова:
речевые нарушения, медико-педагогическая классификация, фонетико-
фонематические расстройства, общее недоразвитие речи, афазия, заикание, ринолалия,
логопедия, коррекционные методы, реабилитация.
ANNOTATSIYA:
Ushbu maqolada nutq buzilishlarining tibbiy-pedagogik tasnifi, ularning
asosiy turlari va sabablari keng yoritilgan. Nutq buzilishlari bolaning psixofizik rivojlanishiga
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bevosita ta’sir qiluvchi omillardan biri bo‘lib, ular o‘z vaqtida aniqlanmasa, ijtimoiy moslashuv
va ta’lim olish jarayonida jiddiy muammolarni keltirib chiqaradi. Tibbiy-pedagogik yondashuvga
ko‘ra, nutq buzilishlari bir nechta asosiy guruhlarga bo‘linadi: fonetik-fonematik buzilishlar,
umumiy nutq rivojlanishidagi kechikishlar (ONR), motor-afazik va sensor-afazik holatlar,
stammering (totqilik), rinolaliya va boshqalar. Har bir guruh o‘zining o‘ziga xos klinik
belgilariga, etiologiyasiga (kelib chiqish sabablari) va korreksion yondashuvlariga ega.
Maqolada ushbu buzilishlarning har biri alohida ko‘rib chiqilib, logopedik tashxis qo‘yish,
reabilitatsiya va korektsiya usullari haqida ilmiy asoslangan fikrlar bildirilgan. Shuningdek,
maqolada zamonaviy tibbiy va pedagogik texnologiyalarning nutq buzilishlarini bartaraf
etishdagi o‘rni ham tahlil qilingan. Mazkur maqola logopedlar, defektologlar, tibbiyot xodimlari
hamda maxsus pedagogika yo‘nalishida tahsil olayotgan talabalar uchun amaliy va nazariy
jihatdan foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.
Kalit so’zlar:
nutq buzilishlari, tibbiy-pedagogik tasnif, fonetik-fonematik buzilish, umumiy
nutq rivojlanmasligi, afaziya, totqilik, rinolaliya, logopediya, korektsion metodlar, reabilitatsiya.
INTRODUCTION.
Human speech is one of the most important tools in an individual's access to
communication with the environment. The correct and timely development of a child's speech
serves as the basis for his intellectual potential, social adaptation and formation as a person. For
this reason, the early detection of speech disorders, their correct diagnosis and the use of
effective correctional methods occupy an important place not only in the education of the child,
but also in his full integration into society.
Today, special attention is paid to the study of speech disorders in the field of Medicine and
special pedagogy. Because this problem can occur not only by congenital or hereditary factors,
but also under the influence of various external and psychological factors. And the medical-
pedagogical approach makes it possible to establish correctional measures based on a full-
fledged study, systematization and individual approach to these complex processes.
The article analyzes the modern medical and pedagogical classification of speech disorders, their
main types, causes and logopedic approaches corresponding to each case. Also covered are the
clinical picture of each type of disorder, diagnostic criteria, rehabilitation methods and
Correction work carried out using modern technologies. The results of this study are of scientific
and practical importance for speech therapists, defectologists, psychologists, as well as
representatives of the field of special pedagogy.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODS.
Research in recent years in the areas of speech therapy and defectology shows the effectiveness
of methods for early detection and correction of speech disorders. G.V. Chirkina, R.E. Levina,
M.N. Shakhovskaya, T.B. Theoretical concepts developed by scientists such as Filicheva serve
as the basis for an in-depth study of disorders of phonetic, phonemic, lexical-grammatical and
general speech development.
In foreign literature, however (e.g., L. Bloom and N. In Chomsky's developments) a thorough
analysis of the cognitive progress of speech, its biological basis, and the processes of language
acquisition. It also suggests that modern neurological approaches are associated with the
neurophysiological causes of speech disorders. The following techniques can be included in this
article:
* Analytical method-on the basis of available literary sources, the types and features of speech
disorders were studied; * Comparison method-the classifications and approaches of different
authors were compared; • Descriptive method-detailed, systematic definitions of speech
disorders were given; * Pedagogical observation-on the basis of the observed cases in practice,
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some examples were analyzed. These techniques help to obtain effective results when used in
various areas of speech disorders.
CONCLUSION.
Speech disorders directly affect the socialization of the child, the formation of reading-
writing skills and the development of the psyche. Medical-pedagogical classification is the
necessary basis for an in-depth study of these disorders, correct diagnosis and effective
correctional work. Each type of disorder has its own reasons, for which an individual and
complex approach is necessary, respectively.
In the practice of Correctional pedagogy, logopedic training, psychological support and
modern technologies (for example, speech therapy applications, visual tools) are important. In
contrast, increased attention among the population to speech culture and the child's speech
development serves to enhance early diagnostic and preventive measures. Therefore, cooperation
between educators, speech therapists, and parents is a major factor in the effective fight against
speech disorders.
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M., 2000.
4. Shakhovskaya M.N. Theoretical foundations of speech therapy. - M., 2007.
5. Vygotsky L.S. Thought and Language. - MIT Press, 1986.
6. Bloom L. Language Development: Form and Function in Emerging Grammars. - MIT Press,
1970.
7. Chomsky N. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. - MIT Press, 1965.
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