Herpes zoster (HZ), commonly known as shingles, is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). While it primarily manifests as a painful vesicular rash, it is often associated with significant neurological complications, including postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), meningitis, encephalitis, and cranial nerve palsies. The impact of these complications can range from chronic neuropathic pain to severe neurological impairments, affecting quality of life.
This paper reviews the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management strategies for neurological complications of herpes zoster. Current antiviral therapies, pain management techniques, and emerging treatment options, including vaccination strategies and nerve modulation therapies, are discussed. Further research into personalized treatment approaches and novel antiviral agents is essential for improving outcomes in patients with herpes zoster-related neurological complications.
