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S0266435602002164
УДК: 614.253.5:613.6.06
FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE BURNOUT
SYNDROME AMONG NURSES
Ramanova D.Yu., Usmanbekova G. K., Kamilova N.G.
Department of Advanced Training ofNursing Personnel (TDSI)
ABSTRACT
This
article
is
devoted
to
the
problem
of
development of burnout syndrome in nursing staff.
The authors analyzed the literature data on the topic
chosen by the authors, studied the history of this
phenomenon,
risk
factors,
identified
the
causes,
and studied preventive measures of mental stress
in nurses to prevent clinical manifestations and
development of the syndrome.
The purpose of the study:
to study the literature
on burnout syndrome, to identify the main problems
associated
with
burnout
in
nurses,
to
develop
preventive measures.
Research
methods:
logical
and
psychological
analysis o f the literature on the problem under study,
sociological survey, statistical analysis, methods of
psychological support. The sample consisted of online
participants ofprofessional development courses, i. e.
nurses (36) from various medical institutions.
Results:
it was found that 58.3% of nurses suffer
from emotional exhaustion, which creates certain
obstacles when they do their housework after work.
61.1% of respondents suffered from insomnia due
to work-related problems, which in turn, caused
drowsiness in nurses during the next working day,
preventing them from fully and actively engaged
in their activities. 66.6% of workers complained of
headaches, neck and shoulder pains.
Conclusion:
Emotional states such as fatigue,
weakness, nervousness can lead to BS and to a
decrease in the professional motivation of nurses.
Occupational stress factors led to the development o f
health problems. From the presence of such bad habits
as Smoking and excessive coffee consumption, it can
35
ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ ИОБЗОРЫ
be concluded that nurses do not lead a healthy lifestyle
and have a tendency to burnout syndrome.
РЕЗЮМЕ
Данная статья посвящена проблеме развития
синдрома эмоционального выгорания у сестрин
ского персонала. Авторы проанализировали ли
тературные данные по выбранной авторами теме,
изучили историю этого явления, факторы риска,
выявили причины, а также изучили профилакти
ческие мероприятия психического стресса у меди
цинских сестер с целью предупреждения клиниче
ских проявлений и развития синдрома.
Цель исследования:
изучить литературу по
синдрому
эмоционального
выгорания,
выявить
основные проблемы связанные с эмоциональным
выгоранием у медицинских сестер, разработать
профилактические мероприятия.
Методы
исследования:
логико-психологический
анализ литературы по исследуемой проблеме, со
циологический опрос, статистический анализ, ме
тоды психологического сопровождения. Выборка
состояла из онлайн-участников курсов повышения
квалификации, то есть медсестер (36 человек) из
различных медицинских учреждений.
Результаты и обсуждение:
было установлено,
что 58,3% медсестер страдают от эмоциональ
ного истощения, которое создает определенные
препятствия при выполнении ими домашней рабо
ты после работы. 61,1% респондентов страдали
бессонницей из-за проблем, связанных с работой,
что, в свою очередь, вызывало сонливость у мед
сестер в течение следующего рабочего дня, мешая
им полноценно и активно заниматься своей дея
тельностью. 66,6% рабочих жаловались на голов
ные боли, боли в шее и плечах.
Выводы:
эмоциональные состояния, как утом
ляемость, слабость, нервозность могут привести
к профессиональному выгоранию и к снижению
профессиональной
мотивации
медицинских
се
стер. Факторы профессионального стресса при
вели к развитию проблем со здоровьем. Из наличия
таких вредных привычек, как курение и чрезмер
ное употребление кофе, можно сделать вывод,
что медсестры не ведут здоровый образ жизни
и имеют склонность к синдрому эмоционального
выгорания.
Relevance of the study:
according to the WHO
definition, burnout syndrome is physical, emotional
or
motivational
weakness,
which
leads
to
the
development of physical dependence and (in most
cases) suicidal behavior, to work and exhaustion,
unemployment, exposure to somatic diseases, as well
as obtaining temporary relief with alcohol or other
psychoactive substances This syndrome is generally
regarded as stress in response to the relentless activity
and emotional demands that a person experiences with
excessive "diving’’ in work and neglect associated
with family life and rest. The field of nursing activity
is a profession with the greatest predisposition to the
syndrome of "professional” or "emotional” burnout,
since it is a constant communication with people
in addition to patients and their relatives, during
the whole working day, require care, attention and
restraint [1, 3, 4, and 12].
The professional burnout syndrome (BS) is a reaction
of the human div that occurs because of prolonged
exposure to occupational stress at a moderate intensity
level. BS is a process of gradual loss of emotional,
mental and physical energy, which is manifested in
symptoms of emotional, mental exhaustion, physical
fatigue, personal divorce and a decrease in appetite for
work. In the literature, the term "burnout syndrome” is
used as a synonym for the syndrome of emotional or
professional burnout [2, 5, 6, 7 and 11].
The first works on this problem appeared in the US.
American psychiatrist H. Frendenberger in 1974 year
gave the name burnout, describing the psychological
state of healthy people who have intensive and close
communication with patients in stressful situations
in the process of providing professional assistance.
Social psychologist K. Maslach (1976) called this
condition a syndrome of physical and mental fatigue,
characterized by the appearance of such symptoms as
a negative self-assessment, a negative attitude to work
and a loss of understanding and sympathy for patients
[3, 7, 8, 9].
The main cause of BS is psychological, mental
fatigue. In the long run, when demands (internal and
external) outweigh resources (internal and external),
a state of balance of the organism is disturbed,
which inevitably leads to BS. Workplace stress, the
imbalance between the person and the requirements
placed on him is a key component of BS. The main
organizational factors of the occurrence ofBS include:
high workload; lack of social support by colleagues or
leader; unadequate pay for work; inability to influence
decision
making;
undefined
job
requirements;
monotonous and unpromising activity; the need to
express unrealistic external feelings; lack of holidays,
vacations and extra-work activities [2, 3, 10, 13].
The purpose of the study:
to study the literature
on burnout syndrome, to identify the main problems
associated
with
burnout
in
nurses,
to
develop
preventive measures.
Research
methods:
logical
and
psychological
analysis of the literature on the problem under study,
sociological survey, statistical analysis, methods of
psychological support. The sample consisted of online
participants of professional development courses, i.e.
nurses from various medical institutions (36), who
36
MEDICINE AND INNOVATIONS |
№1, 2021
ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ ИОБЗОРЫ
are more likely to develop stress syndrome due to
occupational stress.
Results and discussion:
According to the age of the
respondents were distributed as follows: 20-29 years -
13.9%, 30-39 years - 52.8%, 40-49 years - 25%,'50-59
years - 8.3%. The 83% of respondents have secondary
education, 9.7% have higher medical education, and
7.3% have incomplete higher education. At the time of
the survey, 69% of nurses had a qualification category.
Nurses with a high qualification category accounted
for 12%, the first 28% and the second 29%, while 31%
of nurses did not have a qualification category. Most
of respondents (83.3%) were in a formal marriage,
11.1% - in an informal marriage, and 5.6% were
divorced.
Based on the data obtained, it will be possible to
increase the conditions and professional motivation
of nurses, which will improve the quality of care for
patients.
A total of 11 confirmations |such as: ("By the end
of the workday I feel mentally exhausted’’, "I cannot
sleep well due to work-related worries”, "Emotional
burden at work is too
heavy for me”; "After working day I can vent my
anger on my loved ones”; "I feel like my nerves have
reached the limit”; "My work has a negative effect
on my health”; "It is difficult for me to cope with the
emotional stress after work”; "When my workday is
over I have no strength left”; "I feel tired because of
people's problems”; "I drink coffee to be cheerful”; "I
use nicotine to be cheerful”) were used to determine the
level of development of burnout syndrome in nurses.
According to the statements, the nurses identified one
of four options (never, rarely, often, and always). We
analyzed the responses received and presented some
results below.
In the course of the analysis of the material, it was
revealed that 22.2% of the respondents answered
"never” to the statements "By the end of the workday
I feel mentally exhausted”, 19.4% - "rarely”, 47.2%
- "often” and 11.1% answered "always”. This shows
that 5 8.3 % of nurse s suffer from emotional exhaustion,
which creates certain obstacles when they do their
homework after work. 61.1% of respondents suffered
from insomnia due to work-related problems, which
in turn, caused drowsiness in nurses during the next
working day, preventing them from fully and actively
engaged in their activities.
Another case that caught our attention was that
nearly 64% of nurses reported coffee consumption
and 19.4% nicotine for wakefulness while working.
From the presence of such bad habits, it can be
concluded that nurses do not lead a healthy lifestyle.
Occupational stress factors led to the development of
health problems: 66.6% of workers complained of
headaches, neck and shoulder pains.
Conclusion:
One of the risk factors for BS is the
nursing profession. Because nurses require constant
care and attention to patients during the work day,
they are required to be in close contact with people
and approach each client based on their individual
characteristics. When a nurse experiences negative
emotions when dealing with patients or their relatives,
she also involuntarily experiences emotional stress. It
is important to note that there is a link between BS
and motivation. Emotional states such as fatigue,
weakness, nervousness can lead to BS and can lead to a
decrease in the professional motivation of nurses: loss
of strength, the gradual transformation of work into
meaningless activity, indifference and even dismissal.
Preventive measures should be aimed at eliminating
the risk factors that lead to stress: loss of work stress,
increasing
professional
motivation,
establishing
a
balance between the effort expended and the reward
received. Attention should be paid to improving
and properly organizing the working conditions of
the health worker, promoting a healthy lifestyle and
taking an individual approach to the disease when the
symptoms of BS appear.
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Vol. 7No.l, January> 2015
health. 2015. 71003
УДК: 616-007.234:614.8. 2-614.8.026.1 -053.2
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES IN CHILDREN
REVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS
Mirzarakhimova K. R
Department of Public Health, Healthcan Management and Physical Education. Tashkent State Dental Institute
ABSTRACT
Congenital malformations have been in the focus
of physicians since ancient times, but despite their
centuries-old history, many aspects of the etiology
and pathogenesis of congenital malformations in
humans have not been adequately studied even
today.
Congenital
deficiencies
of
development
are defined as stable morphological changes that
go beyond the limits of structural variations of
members or parts of organs and disrupt their
function.Apply
the
term
"sporadic
the
defect
of
birth'’,meaningunknown
cause,
accidental
appearance and low riskreappearance have future
children. For 20-25% of anomalies more likely
"multi-factor”
reason
-
complexinteraction
many
small
geneticdefects
andrisk
factorsenvironmental
environment.
The
rest
10-13%
of
anomalies
associated with the influence environment. Only
12-25% of anomalies have purely genetic causes.
Key
words:
congenital
anomalies,
congenital
malformation,congenital
heart
defects,
perinatal
causes
38
MEDICINE AND INNOVATIONS |
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