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PHILOSOPHY IN THE STORIES OF KH.DOSTMUHAMMAD
Ergasheva Aziza
Jizzakh state pedagogical university
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12793050
Abstract:
Literary process of the period of independence literally brought
forth unique artistic interpretations of various genres. In this respect, such cases
can be observed in the development of storytelling. The narrative genre has its
own development in Uzbek literature. Khurshid Dostmuhammad is one of the
writers who has significantly contributed to the development of this genre in
recent years. In his stories, problems such as suffering in the human heart,
conflicts in social life have found their artistic interpretation.
Keywords
: literacy, narrative, respect, unique, interpretation, features,
symbolizm.
Literary process of the period of independence literally brought forth unique
artistic interpretations of various genres. In this respect, such cases can be
observed in the development of storytelling. The narrative genre has its own
development in Uzbek literature. Khurshid Dostmuhammad is one of the writers
who has significantly contributed to the development of this genre in recent
years. In his stories, problems such as suffering in the human heart, conflicts in
social life have found their artistic interpretation. In the literature of this period,
Nazar Eshanqul, Khurshid Dostmuhammad, Ulug'bek Hamdam, Isajon Sultan, N.
Norqabilov, S. Onar, A. We can follow the stories of different characters of a
number of creators like Yoldoshev. Here we will focus on the stories that
emdiv such features as symbolism and metaphor.
Literary scholar U. As Normatov noted: "One of the most important features of
our literary process in recent years is that our literature is becoming more and
more diverse... We also have works of different directions in terms of
philosophical basis." From this point of view, we can directly observe this
feature in the work of Khurshid Dostmuhammad. It illuminates the unique
character of the writer in the story "Jajman". If "market", "market life", "man's
daily worries" are described, but "market" is our daily life, and there is
symbolism in it, then in "Jajman" we see metaphor: "Hademai, the morning
dawns, the world is filled with light ... People wake up, the market wakes up .. the
gate of language opens, the commotion begins .. the fog rushes in, flows out ... the
seller comes, the buyer comes, the idler comes ... the feet do not stop, the slaves
do not stop, the mouths do not stop. .. goes in and out, comes in and goes out ...
he says he's getting money, he says he's selling goods ... he puts a bridle through
the nose of a person with a trick and turns it around in the so-called "market"
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tray. We can witness that symbolism, hidden meaning, and deep philosophical
concepts are expressed in these thoughts, spoken by the hero of the story,
Grandfather Zoroaster. Reading the above interpretations, the reader comes to
the understanding that the market means life. Why is a person constantly busy
from morning to night, and in the market we meet people of various characters,
they are in a hurry to go somewhere, and the seller tries to sell his goods, thinks
about his profit, that is how he naturally spends his day. But in these places,
human life is the life of the market, just as there are different characters in the
market, human life is not even, it sometimes suffers from injustice. As there are
not only conflicts in life, but also conflicts in one's own psyche, society also
changes through human thinking. In these places, we understand that the
philosophical interpretation of the work is skillfully integrated into the subject
of the work. The image of a person becoming a slave of lust gives the impression
of being depicted through "Jajman". Because he couldn't get enough, he wanted
to put the whole market in his small stomach: "I will feed him!" No, I will feed
him until his belly bursts!", but every time "I will feed him!" The grown-ups
would shout, and Jajman's insatiability remained in his mouth."
N. spoke about the work. Davrboeva writes: "Jajman is seen in this place as
bribe-takers, extortionists, in general, as tiny tyrants within the nation." We can
call these groups by any name we want." At this point, we feel that we are talking
about the person and the image of people who are the cause of the evil of the
soul. The image of Grandfather Zardosht, who took place in the subject of the
work, stands out. The writer does not directly involve him in the series of events
of the work, but through him we can more deeply understand the image of a
spiritually mature person, the conflict between good, goodness and evil, and
injustice. Since the creation of mankind, the struggle between good and evil has
existed forever. But goodness wins slowly, and the truth emerges: "Don't lose
your temper, Ahuramazda!... You will enlighten the hearts..." said Grandfather
Zardosht, pleading inwardly.
In the story Ahuramaz is the main concept that calls for victory over Ahriman
and evil, that is, the world of Jajmans, in bringing forth goodness. That's why
grandfather Zoroaster often says "Be aware, be aware, Ahuramazda!... - Ahriman
is not dead, Ahuramazda!... You will not be aware, good people, be aware!..."
We can find a lot of works comparing the spiritual world of the East and the
West in the works of Kh. Dostmuhammad. In particular, the author's story "The
Road to Silence" was very successful in this regard. Adib gives the following
explanation about the history of writing this story: "For many years, I have been
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influenced by the story "Seven Floors" by the famous Italian writer Dino Bustati.
Finally, I freely translated this extraordinary original story and finished the story
as a "view" of it. The story is based on the personal views of two polar figures
about life and death.
People named Dino Korte, the hero of the story "Seven Floors", and Zahid Yaqin,
the hero of "The Road to Quiet House". Both of them end up in the hospital with
a minor illness. Both hospital buildings have seven floors. Only in the hospital
they place Dino Korte on the seventh floor and Zahid Yaqin on the first floor.
Conclusion
In his interpretation, death is a tragedy for a Westerner. Death is eternal
darkness, nothingness. H. Dostmuhammad approaches the problem of life and
death based on Eastern philosophy. To a certain extent, it relies on the teachings
of Sufism. For example, the name Zahid is also Sufi, the first Sufis were called
ascetics. Zahid Yaqin repeats again and again that his soul is getting more
refreshed as he approaches death and that a joy is emerging in his heart.
Refrences:
1.Dustmuhammad Kh. The way to silence // Tafakkur. 2001. № 3.
2. N. Eshonqul. The wind cannot be caught.
3. Eshonqul N. Compensation // Youth. 1989. № 9.
4. Sultan I. Theory of Literature. -T.: Teacher, 1980.- P.193.
5. Normatov U. The great possibilities of the small genre. See: Ulugbek Hamdam.
