All articles - Environmental Sciences and Ecology

I will not be mistaken if I say that nature is the basis of our life. Man can never live without nature, because he is an integral part of nature. The world in which we live and surrounds us is as kind and lively as our mother. In every particle of the sun, in every body of the soil, we feel the loving touch of nature as a mother to us. It embodies thousands of elements necessary for man in every aspect. What is the state of our beautiful nature today? Who is responsible for this? How can this be “UCHINCHI RENESSANS:MUAMMO VA YECHIMLARI” 16 II-to‘plam prevented? These questions are becoming a hot topic today. Unfortunately, humans have an unprecedented impact on nature. It cannot be compared to anything that can be influenced by human intelligence and work. To be more specific, creatures use nature as it is and have an imperceptible effect on it.

Ҳозирги вақтда атроф –муҳитни энг кўп ифлослантирадиган моддалар бу канцероген полицикиклик ароматик моддалар ҳисобланади. Шуни эътироф этиш лозимки, XXI асрга келиб, дунёдаги ўлимлар бўйича саратон касалликлари эгаллайди. 2015 йилга келиб 10 млн нафар одамда саратон касаллигининг янги турлари аниқланган ва шундан 6 млн онкологик касаллликлар туфайли одамлар дунёдан кўз юмган. Овқатлар таркибида канцероген моддаларини пайдо бўлиши, ҳавони, сувни, ерни канцероген моддалар билан ифлосланиши ва бошқа сабаблар муҳим роль ўйнайди.

Из публикуемых Управлением статистики Республики Каракалпакстан итоговых данных 2020 года в регионе зарегистрировано 9,2 тысячи смертей, из которых больше половины (58,7%) зафиксированы с основной причиной –заболевания органов кровообращения. Сейчас известно, что на развитие сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний особое влияние оказывают и экологические факторы. 

The article presents the results of an experiment to study the effect of surfactant concentration and type on foam formation in clay suspensions. As a result of the study, it was found that the addition of surfactants to the system leads to an increase in the volume of foam, and the most significant effect is observed when using surfactants of the type OP-10. With an increase in the concentration of surfactants to a specific value (0.3%), a sharp increase in the height of the foam is observed; however, a further increase in the concentration does not have a significant effect on the
amount of the formed foam. The study also showed that the height of the foam in the system with surfactant type OP-10 is higher than in the system with surfactant type GKJ-11, which indicates greater foam adsorption at the liquid-air interface. The study of the surface tension of surfactant solutions showed that the surfactant type OP-10 has more significant properties of the surfactant than the surfactant type GKJ-11. These results may be useful to improve the foaming in slurry drilling fluids using various types and concentrations of surfactants.

С развитием современного производства, с его масштабностью и темпами роста все большую актуальность приобретают проблемы разработки и внедрения безотходных технологий. Скорейшее их решение в Республике Узбекистан и в ряде развитых стран рассматривается как стратегическое направление рационального использования природных ресурсов и охраны окружающей среды.

In modern realities, environmental threats are not uncommon, our task is to use natural resources rationally and comprehensively respond to climate change. Green innovations will undoubtedly help in solving the problems that we face. Uzbekistan is considered one of the leaders in the implementation of such practices. As the President of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev noted, innovation is the future. We are obliged to build a great future based on innovative ideas. The transition to innovative development and the digital economy is inevitable. A document on the innovative development of Uzbekistan and the transition to a digital economy has been adopted. The world is gradually switching to green energy. This leads to the fact that cars run on batteries, and houses use more environmentally friendly options, such as solar and renewable energy. People are aware of their carbon footprints and waste. Minimizing or turning them into renewable energy sources is even more useful.

Ҳозирги кунда хеч кимга сир эмаски юртимиз жамоли кун сайин юксалиб бормокда. Айникса кснг равон кўчалар шахарларимиз кўркига кўрк қўшиб, бунда харакатланастган, узоғимизни якин қилаётган автоуловлврнинг сони хам кун сайин кўпаймокда. Шундай экан бу автоуловларнинг асосий таянч кисми хисобланган автошиналар ҳам тинимсиз харакатланади ва эскириб, ишдан чиқади. Лскин уларнинг кейинги тақдиридан кўпчилигимиз бсхабар сўнгги йилларга кслиб дунённиг кўпгина давлатларида ишлаб чиқариш ва истсъмол чиқиндиларини қайта ишлаш муаммоларига катта эътибор бсрилмоқда, шу жумладан эскирган сдирилган шиналарга хам.

This article is devoted to the anthropogenic impact on the environment in the process of globalization and its negative consequences, the analysis of the main directions of the systematic organization of nature protection.

Бугунги кунда замой талаби асосида ёшларга экологик ҳуқуқий таълим-тарбия беришда янги инновация ва ахборот технологияларни қўллаш айниқса, оила, мактаб ва маҳалла ҳамкорлигининг мустаҳкамлаш келажакда экологик муаммоларни ижобий ҳал этилишига ёрдам беради.

The advantages, methods and techniques of using visual technologies in teaching preschoolers are described, including the method of observation, the method of illustration, the method of demonstration (audio, video, text, graphics and animation effects).

Mualliflarning ushbu monografiya yozishlaridan asosiy maqsad:
Zarafshon to‘qay biotoplarida o‘suvchi yovvoyi o‘simliklar nematodafaunasining taksonomik va ekologik tarqalish qonuniyatlarini o‘rganishdan iborat.
Qishloq xo‘jalik ekinlariga zarar keltiruvchi nematodalarning ko‘pchiligi avvalo yovvoyi o‘simliklarda yashab, keyin madaniy o‘simliklarga o‘tadilar. Shularning o‘zi ko‘rsatib turibtiki, O‘zbekiston mintaqalaridagi madaniy va shifobaxsh yovvoyi xolda o‘suvchi o‘simliklarining zararkunandalardan bir guruhi bo‘lgan fitogelmintlarni o‘rganish, ularga qarshi kurashish choralarini o‘z vaqtida qo‘llash
O‘zbekiston Respublikasini o‘simlik dunyosini asrash va uning ekologik ahvolini yaxshilashga qo‘shilgan amaliy xissa bo‘ladi. Shuningdek, maxsus kasallik qo‘zg‘atuvchi turlarining tabiiy manbalarini topish va ularning madaniy landshaflariga o‘tishini oldini olish kabi muammolar yechilgan.
Ushbu monografiya universitetlarning biologiya, ekologiya fakulteti bakalavr, magistr yo‘nalishlarida tahsil olayotgan talabalar hamda qishloq xo‘jaligi soxalarida o‘qiyotgan mutaxassislar uchun mo‘ljallangan va o‘simliklarning parazit nematodalardan himoya qiluvchi mutaxassislarga asos bo‘la oladi.

Subjects of the inquiry: geo-ecological situation of the Khorezm region and territorial distribution of public incidence. Subject-geographical acpects of social development and public health of the region.
Aim of inquiry: on the basis of impact of social ecology and nosogeography cal situation to develop scientific and practical recommendations for improvement of public health.
Methods of inquiry: comparative-geographical, statistical, system-structured, cartographical, historical, social questionnaire, expert evaluation, and etc.
The results achieved and their novelty: it was studied interrelationship between social ecology and public health; proved the concept of "Ecological infrastructure"; developed principles of medical-administrative zoning; analysed sickness rate of population in the context of the Khorezm region and administrative districts; studied nursery mortality and their reasons; studied the problems for improvement of public health in the region; developed the prognosis for sickness rate of population with the help of expert evaluation by the specialists.
Practical value: research results can be used for development of the program for public health; improvement of territorial organizations in the sphere of medical services and social-economic development of rural settlements.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: the Health Protection of the Khorezm region accepted conclusions and recommendations for practical introduction. The facts and methodological approaches are used in teaching process of related educational disciplines of UrSU (Urgench State University).
Sphere of usage: regional, city and district Khakimiyats (local executive administrative branches) and institutes of higher education.

Subgccts of the inquiry: territorial structures of textile industry enterprises in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Aim of the inquiry: work out scientific-practice recommendation for development and perfection territorial structures of textile industry in Uzbekistan.
Methods of inquiry: comperative-geographical, historical, system-structural, cartographical, statistical, methods of economic analysis and others.
The results achieved and their novelty: ended complex research problems development and perfection territorial structures textile industry in the Republic of Uzbekistan taking into account world practices and market relations. In the scientific work research questions territorial specialization and concentration branches textile industry, using its territorial structures raw materials and manpower in branches, problems perfection its towards development and placing branches textile industry in republic. Work out ways and perspectives joint ventures in the scietific work, defined main activites.
Practical value: the scientific-practical reccomendations can be used in the eloboration of the program development GAK. “Uzbekengilsanoat” and separate enterprises, in perfection territorial structures branches, results and statistical materials-in teaching proccess higher educational establishment.
Degree of embed and economic cffcctivity: scentific work published by the author and usage in program of the main conclusions and proposale of the thesis favour development and perfection territorial structures in the textile industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan, create new labour places and rising export porential country.
Sphere of usage: association of light industry, textile enterprises, scientific-research institutes and higher educational establishments.

Subject of the research: plant Indigo, degraded meadow alluvial soil of the Khorezm region, manure and nitrogen fertilizer.
Purpose of the research: to study efficacy of soil tillage practices, organic and nitrogen fertilizer application on growth and development, biomass accumulation and yield of Indigo plant cultivated either as a main crop or a summer crop after winter wheat in conditions of degraded meadow alluvial soils of the Khorezm region.
Research methods: field experiments were carried out according to the methodology by B.A. Dospexov (1985) and the Uzbek Cotton Research Institute (2007), biometric measurements were conducted and soil agrophysical and agrochemical properties were determined in accordance with the manuals “State variety testing of agricultural crops”, «Methods of agrophysica, agrochemical and microbiological analyses of soil and plants» (1963). Data were subjected to analysis of variance in SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute 2008).
Achieved results and their novelty: Agrotechnological elements of the tropical plant Indigoferra cultivation in conditions of the degraded meadow alluvial soils of the Khorezm region and extracting the natural pigment from the crop green biomass were studied for the first time. The influence of Indigoferra planted on flat field or ridge sowing with and without manure use and application of different nitrogen rates on plant growth and development, biomass accumulation and yield as well as selected properties of soil fertility were studied. Based on the experiments results achieved the practical recommendations for farmers and others related were developed.
Practical value: In the conditions of the Khorezm region for achieving high yield of above ground biomass it is recommended to plant Indigoferra as a main crop using ridge sowing with application of 10 t ha'1 manure or as a summer crop after winter wheat using N120P100K30 kg ha'1.
Degree of implementation and economic efficiency: The research results were implemented on 0.7 ha area at the experimental station of Urgench State University when grown as a main crop, and on 0.9 ha area in the “Yangi Er” farmer unit, Bagar district, Khorezm Province. Net benefit would lead respectively to 4.0-4.5 mln sum ha'1 when cropped as a main crop and 2.0-2.5 mln. sum ha'1 when grown as a summer crop after winter wheat.
Field of application: Agriculture, textile and pharmacy industries, handicraft.