All articles - Genetics and Heredity

The aim of the research work is the definition of systematic arrangement, phylogenetic relationship of wild, ruderal, tropical and subtropical subspecies and forms of the polymorphic species of the cotton (G.herbaceum L., G.arboreum L.) of the genus Gossypium and the possibility of using in applied breeding.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
the degree of phylogenetic related-relatedness between the ruderal form ssp.pseudoarboreum f.harga and a subspecies ssp.pseudoarboreum of the species G.herbaceum L. was determined and f.harga was proved to raise on the level of subspecies;
the degree of phylogenetic related-relatedness between the tropical form of the ssp.neglectum f.sanguineum and a subspecies of the ssp.neglectum species G.arboreum L. was determined and fsanguineum as proved to raise on the level of subspecies;
scientifically proved that ruderal subspecies ssp.pseudoarboreum of the species G.herbaceum L. is phylogenetically related to the species G.arboreum L. and was proved that these species are related to the subspecies;
for the first time it was defined that the character of inheritance of the morpho-biological and valuable agronomic traits of the intraspecific and interspecific hybrids Fi, F2; and the degree of correlative relationship between some morphological and agronomic traits;
a scheme was worked out which determines the degree of phylogenetic relationship of intraspecific varieties of G.herbaceum L. and G.arboreum L. which facilitate the selection of the source of genetic materials that increase the efficiency of genetic and breeding research;

The aim of the research work is establishment of phylogenetic rcalitonships of species G.mustelinum Miers ex Watt, with representatives of intraspecific diversity of species G.hirsutum L. and G.barbadense L. and also species G.darwinii Watt, developing of new donors with genetic soursc on the base of interspecific hybridization.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
for the first time, phylogenetic relationships species G.mustelinum Micrs ex Watt with other polyploid species- G.hirsutwn L. and G.barbadense L. and their intraspecific diversity and also species G.darwinii Watt of subgenus Karpas Raf. were determinated and the new phylogenetic scheme was developed;
phylogenetic closely-related species G.mustelinum Micrs ex Watt with cultivated tropical form ssp. glabrum var. marie-galante of species G.hirsutwn L. was determined;
the endcmicity of species G.mustelinum Micrs ex Watt indicating on small scale of full-grown setting by boll when use it in hybridization as maternal form and as the species relating with limited outside pollination in process of evolution was discovered;
the partial dominance in hcritance of fiber length; negative and positive dominance on vegetative period duration, fiber output, mass of raw cotton by boll, mass of 1000 seeds intcrspccics Fi hybrids were determined;
the positive trasgression on fiber output, mass of raw cotton by boll, mass of 1000 seeds in F2 and F ] В1 hybrids was drtremined;
the positive dominance of trait «fotopcriodic reaction» in Fi hybrids with participantion of species G.mustelinum Micrs ex Watt with cultivated tropical form ssp. euhirsutum (cultivar «Beshkahramon») was discovered;
the trait «fotopcriodic reaction» in F2 hybrids inheridited under noncumulative gene effects in ration 15:1 and dislay of it trait in species G.mustelinum Micrs ex Watt under control of recessive genes was observed, in cultivated tropical form ssp. euhirsutum (cultivar «Beshkahramon») was dominance genes.

The aim of the research The work was initiated to study role of genetic and metabolic disorders in mechanism of vitiligo onset and progression, and to develop novel method for pathogenetic therapy of the disease on the basis of the findings from the study.
Scientific novelty of the research work for the first time
-presence of association between TNF-a gene 308 G/A polymorphism with vitiligo onset risk was proved; contribution of changes in distribution of some alleles and genetic variants of the polymorphism above to pathogenesis of the disease was established;
-frequency distribution of alleles and G/A polymorphism genotypes (rs 1393350) of TYR gene were identified in patients with vitiligo and healthy subjects; association of the polymorphism with a person’s predisposition to vitiligo was established;
- qualitative and quantitative compositions of phospholipids and cerebrosides in the comparative aspect were identified; significant shifts in concentrations of some phospholipid fractions were found in the skin of patients with vitiligo as compared with the parameters in healthy subjects;
-high level of oxidative stress in the skin and blood scrum of patients with vitiligo playing a special role in pathogenesis of onset and progression of the dermatosis was established; imbalance in microelement composition of the skin and scalp hair is typical of vitiligo;
-an unparalleled novel multicomponent liposomal formulation, lipovitilin, was developed for therapy of vitiligo.

The aim of the research work is determination of inheritance and variability of morpho-agronomic traits at hybrids Ft-F2 of local cotton varieties of species G.barbadense L.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
It was found that at first generation of hybrids of local cotton varieties of species G.barbadense L. boll weight, number of bolls per plant, farm and total productivity were inherited basically positive supcrdominance; plant height, number of sympodial branches, vegetation period and weight of 1000 seeds -incomplete dominance and dominance of the variety with low parameters.
On the basis presence of statistic difference on morpho-agricultural traits in reciprocal effects Fi combinations of parental varieties were involved participation nuclear genes, cytoplasmic genes too in the genetic control of these traits.
It was found that genetic control of traits such as plant hight, vegetation period, fiber output and weight of 1000 seeds have been affected by additive effects of genes, and the number of sympodial branches, number of bolls per plant, farm and total productivity, fiber length - nonadditive effects of genes;
It has been revealed dependence of degree appearance of valuable F2 recombinant with high parameters agricultural traits from crossing components, etc. from parental varieties and their combining ability;
It was found that cocfficicncy of heredity h2 of agricultural-valuable traits in F2 generations of the hybrids have different degree in dependence on components of crossing, etc. from parental forms. It was confirmed that in some combinations the parametres h2 of the general productivity arc from 0,66 to 0,76 which shows strong dependence on genetic control of traits from genotype, than environmental factors and possibility of selection genotypes with high productivity beginning from F2 generation.