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MALIGNANT LIVER TUMOR
Tursinbaeva Z.A., International Faculty 201-group of “General Medicine”
Scientific Adviser: Akramova M.U., Senior lecturer
Department of general surgery, topographic anatomy and operative
surgery. TashPMI
Relevance:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver
cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma occurs most often-in people with chronic liver diseases, such
as cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection.
Purpose of the study:
To analyse some variables in liver cancer including morbidity,
mortality, quality of specialized care and in-hospital survival in the clinics.
Material and research methods:
Hepatocellular carcinoma occurs in approximately
85% of patients diagnosed with cirrhosis. HCC is now the fifth most common cause of cancer
worldwide. Significant risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma include viral hepatitis (hepatitis
B and hepatitis C), alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic liver steatohepatitis/non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease. Patients with HCC represent a heterogeneous and challenging-to-treat group
given the presence of underlying liver dysfunction and a concomitant malignancy. HCC occurs
in 80%-90% of patients with cirrhosis. Increasingly, people diagnosed with HCC have a liver
condition that sometimes leads to cirrhosis called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic
liver disease (MASLD).
Research results:
Chronic liver inflammation and injury contribute significantly to the
development and progression of HCC. Several factors such as gender, age, ethnicity, and
demographic regions increase the HCC incidence rates and the major risk factors are chronic
infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), carcinogens (food
contaminants, tobacco smoking, and environmental toxins), and inherited diseases. In recent
years evidence highlights the association of metabolic syndrome (diabetes and obesity),
excessive alcohol consumption (alcoholic fatty liver disease), and high-calorie intake
(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) to be the prime causes for HCC in countries with a westernized
sedentary lifestyle. HCC predominantly occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and
cirrhosis (80%), however, 20% of the cases have been known in patients with non- cirrhotic
liver. It is widely believed that there exist possible interactions between different etiological
agents leading to the involvement of diverse mechanisms in the pathogenesis of HCC.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC development and progression is imperative
in developing effective targeted therapies to combat this deadly disease. Noteworthy, a detailed
understanding of the risk factors is also critical to improve the screening, early detection,
prevention, and management of HCC.
Conclusion:
HCC is a highly fatal cancer driven by multiple etiological factors, among
which, fatty liver disease is emerging as a major cause worldwide. Liver cancer remains a global
health problem, and the incidence of this pathology is trending upward throughout the world.
Despite many already known points in the pathogenesis of the development of hepatocellular
carcinoma, more unresolved issues remain. Modern possibilities of molecular genetic
diagnostics and modeling of malignant tumors in animals allow us to expand the horizons of
knowledge in this area. Hepatocellular carcinoma is potentially curable if discovered in its initial
stages. The success of recovery is determined by the degree of differentiation of tumor cells, the
course of the disease, and the timeliness of detection of the disease.
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