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COMMON EARLY COMPLICATIONS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN A MODERN
INTERPRETATION
¹Ziyadullayev Akmal Xusniddin oʻgʻli
²Abdusalomov Shukurullo Nizom oʻgʻli
³Negmatova Gulzoda Shuhratovna
¹'²1st year residents of the Department of Endocrinology, Samarkand State Medical University
³Samarkand State Medical University, Department of Endocrinology, Head of Department
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14894707
Relevance of the problem
: In 2015, there were more than 2.5 million patients with
diabetes mellitus (DM), and selective epidemiological studies show that the true prevalence of
type 2 diabetes is 3-4 times higher than the registered one. According to modern concepts, diabetes
mellitus is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Among
patients with diabetes mellitus, there are individuals with a combination of 2-3 or more
complications. Up to 70% of patients with diabetes mellitus die from cardiovascular diseases. As
a rule, in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic vascular complications
of this disease are detected already at the first visit to the doctor. These include: damage to the
blood vessels of the heart and brain with the development of heart attack and stroke, damage to
the peripheral vessels of the lower extremities with the development of gangrene, visual
impairment due to diabetic retinopathy, and impaired kidney function due to diabetic nephropathy.
Patients with diabetes are 2-3 times more likely to develop cardiovascular pathologies (ischemic
heart disease, heart attack, stroke) than the general population, 20 times more likely to develop
gangrene of the extremities and chronic renal failure, and 10 times more likely to lose vision due
to diabetic retinopathy.
Materials and methods
. We conducted a study of the prevalence of complications in
patients with type 2 diabetes in the city of Surgut based on registry data for 2012-2015. Statistical
processing of the data was carried out using the statistical software package “Biostat”. The null
hypothesis of the correspondence of relative frequencies was tested using the z-test, differences
were considered significant at p<0.05;
Results
. Diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes was recorded in 16.9? 9.8% in dynamics
for 4 years. Our data for 2015 were slightly higher than (7.7%). Among other complications of
type 2 diabetes, diabetic sensory neuropathy was the leader (23% - 24.5% in dynamics for 4 years),
which is higher than the whole (17.8%), but comparable to the data for 2015 (24%). Cataracts in
type 2 diabetes in 2012-2015. 16.6 and 15.1% were registered, which is comparable to (12.9%),
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358
but 2 times higher than (7.7%). Autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes was recorded only in 10-
2.7%, which is comparable with the data (3.1%), but lower than the data for 2015 (4.8%). The
prevalence of diabetic foot in type 2 diabetes also showed a significant decrease from 11.4 to 2%,
which is comparable with the data for 2015 (2.8% and 3.3%, respectively). Among the
complications of type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension took the leading place with 50.3-73.9%.
From microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes in dynamics from 2012 to 2015. the
prevalence of diabetic nephropathy decreased from 16.9% to 9.8%, and vegetative neuropathy
decreased from 10% to 2%. From macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes in 2012-2015.
The prevalence of angina pectoris decreased from 17.6% to 13.1%, myocardial infarction from
13.0% to 5.8%, stroke from 14% to 6.7%, lower extremity macroangiopathy from 20.6% to 11.1%,
and diabetic foot from 11.4% to 11.4%.
Conclusion
: Data on the prevalence of such a serious complication as myocardial
infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes in 2012-2015. It was 13% -5.8% with a decrease in
dynamics over 4 years. In 2015, these figures were relatively high (3.3% and 4.5%, respectively).
According to the registry, the prevalence of stroke was 14.6.7% in 2012-2015. Our figures
(3.8%) were slightly higher.
Lower extremity macroangiopathy (LEM) was recorded in 20.6-11.1% of patients with
type 2 diabetes and decreased by 2 times in 4 years. In 2015, the prevalence of lower extremity
MAP (8.8%) was slightly higher, comparable to the data (12.7%).
The prevalence of diabetic foot in type 2 diabetes also shows a significant decrease from
11.4 to 2%.
Analysis of the prevalence of diabetes complications based on registry data showed that
the role of arterial hypertension in the structure of diabetes complications is increasing. To this
end, it is necessary to develop a program for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of arterial
hypertension in patients with diabetes in the region, which will reduce the prevalence of some
severe complications of diabetes and increase the life expectancy of patients with diabetes.
The reduction in the prevalence of some severe complications of diabetes and the increase
in the life expectancy of patients with diabetes, achieved over four years, were made possible by
the introduction of the city target program "Diabetes mellitus" into outpatient practice. This
program contributed to the wider introduction of methods for self-monitoring of glycemia levels
and improving metabolic control, the use of modern insulins and oral hypoglycemic drugs, the
creation of schools for training patients and improving their work efficiency, as well as the opening
of the "Diabetic Foot" office.
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359
Diabetes is a costly disease. However, both direct and indirect costs can be reduced by
early diagnosis of diabetes and its complications, the introduction of new technologies in
treatment, and more effective prevention of diabetes and its complications.
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