Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
11
10. Petrovskaya A. S. Emotional intelligence as a determinant of the
resultant parameters and procedural characteristics of the management
action: dis. … Kand. psychol. nauk: 19.00.03 / А. S. Petrovskaya. - Yaroslavl,
2007. - 225 p.
Muzaffarov Samandar Izbasarovich, Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute,
Independent researcher
MORAL CULTURE - THE BASIS OF MORAL LIFE
S. Muzaffarov
Abstract: In the article, man and his units are considered to be the
creators and carriers of moral culture. There can be no moral life without a
man. Therefore, attention is drawn to the fact that man and his units are the
core of moral life, the main substantial element of moral culture that makes
up the system, the creator, and carrier of moral culture from generation to
generation. The article aims to identify and substantiate the objects of the
formation of moral culture, the implementation of moral education
processes.
Keywords: man, morality, moral culture, substance, moral life, moral
education.
Ethical culture is a part of moral life created by processing to regulate
social relations and educate people. It is the substance, that is, the basis of
moral life. Substantial elements that make up moral culture as a substance
consist of: firstly, man as a moral culture, secondly, the moral needs of
human beings, thirdly, the moral consciousness that arises from the need to
understand moral needs and includes moral goals, plans, etc., fourthly, a
view of human creative activity is moral creativity, which is based on moral
understanding and takes place in parallel with it, fifthly, the results of moral
creativity are the teachings, the manners of behavior, the moral customs and
institutions, sixthly, the application of the results of moral creativity in life.
From the wholeness of the substantial elements that make up moral
culture as a substance, a moral way of life, individual moral relations, moral
tendencies, and behavior are formed. Hence, the six components of moral
culture that make up the above system are the core, that is, the central part
of moral life.
Moral lifestyle, individual moral relations, moral tendencies, and
behavior occur depending on the level of this central part of moral life. In
this system, the first and main substantial element of moral culture is the
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
12
subject of human moral life, the second substantial element is the moral
need and interest in the forms of moral life, the motive for its development
and application, the gnoseological basis of moral consciousness, the creative
existence of moral life. Also, the functions of the next mode of existence of
moral life are the results of moral creativity, the source, and means of moral
life.
Moral creativity and the use of its results in life are manifested in two
stages of human moral activity. Hence, the quality of moral life depends on
the scale and level of moral culture. With the change of moral culture, moral
life also changes and develops. But moral culture is the basis of the existence
and development of society - an element of a whole cultural being. Because
one of the four aspects of cultural existence, that is, part of it, is spiritual
culture. And one of the six components of spiritual culture is moral culture.
Moral culture is required in all spheres of social life and is based on their
substantiality.
Therefore, just as the whole has a predominance over parts and
elements in general, moral culture is determined, firstly, by the basic
cultural being of the existence and development of society, and secondly, by
the levels of spiritual culture. Because cultural being is the core of society as
a whole, including moral life. Moral culture is the manifestation of this
cultural being in moral life. The priority of cultural existence in moral life is
that it is manifested through moral culture.
We now turn to the analysis of the main substantial element that makes
up the system of moral culture. In this regard, we consider it necessary to
cite the following points emphasized by scientists in the research work of
B.Sh. Mamarasulov: "in all societies and at all stages of human development,
at the heart of social change, man, radically different from other living beings
in his consciousness and thinking, and performing purposeful activities is a
subject of social life, " [1,12].
The word "man" means "Adam" in Arabic. The concept of "Adam" is also
an Arabic word, meaning a living being who can think, speak, and work, and
therefore is superior to all other creatures [2,520].
“From Adam and Eve, written in the book “Vatan tuyg’usi”, there must
have been no one who did not love and was not loved. There must be no
writer or poet who wrote about love. Man has two worlds. One is the
material world, the other is spirituality. This is the main difference.” [3,54]
In our opinion, spirituality is also divided into two: the positive
spirituality that embraces humanity and the negative spirituality that
embraces evil. "Humanity, - says S. Norkuziev, - is a moral norm, which
means the work done within the boundaries of humanity, a virtue that suits
man, adorns him, glorifies the person, a humane attitude to life and the fate
of mankind" [4,40]. In our view, humanity has a broader meaning than this.
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
13
It encompasses all moral virtues as positive norms, and these moral norms
revolve around “that the human duty of man on earth is to do good”. The
second part of human spirituality — the part that adapts vices to itself — is
regarded in science as negative norms, and they revolve around evil. Since
the main substantial element of moral life, including moral culture, is a man
and his units, in this regard we have relied on the following philosophical
ideas of E.T. Kalkanov: “Man and his units. They are the creators and
descenders of the subjects of the emergence of cultural existence. They are
also subjects of patriotism. The manifestation of the human div as a
biocultural phenomenon and, consequently, its subordination to social
relations and its manifestation as a peculiar civilized physical force serve as
the biocultural volitional ground of patriotism. If a biocultural organism is
the first side of a person, the social psyche and ability to function are the
second side of it.
Patriotism is one of the aspects of the social psyche and ability to
function. Therefore, since man is the creator and carrier of cultural being
from generation to generation, it does not happen without patriotism”
[5,12].
President Sh.M.Mirziyoev - "Another issue that does not lose its
relevance and importance for us is the task of educating our children as
independent-minded, true patriots with modern knowledge and
professions, strong life position ”[6,103].
So, we conclude based on the inductive method: patriotism is one of the
moral civilizations. Morality, on the other hand, is part of the socio-cultural
part of human beings. Hence, the bio cultural and socio-cultural aspects
expressed humanly are the basis for the manifestation of man as a moral
being.
According to the concept of dialectical understanding of history, man is
a biosocial cultural phenomenon. If we interpret man in a biological sense,
then this concept is equated with the concept of man in anatomy. In the
human div, aspects such as metabolism, tissues, sex, instincts, hereditary
traits, conditioned reflex, nervous system are biological phenomena. The
human div is a biological species and a unique phenomenon in space.
The human div consists of physical strength and biological spirit,
which are semi-transformed in the system of socio-cultural norms. Because
the animal assimilates the ready products of nature, and man changes events
(or phenomena) as well as himself as a result of social relations. This is a
purely cultural process in which the structure of the human div has
changed. For example, the law of natural selection was lost as a man began
walking on two legs. Hence, man is also biologically a semi-cultural
phenomenon.
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
14
That human is bio culture is realized in the scale of socio-cultural,
including moral processes. And that human is bio culture serves as the
biological basis of his sociality, morality.
Man must first be biologically healthy and mature. Such a person
becomes a healthy-minded and spiritually pure person if he is formed in a
system of healthy social relations. Therefore, during the years of
independence, our country has focused on the issue of human health when
naming many years. In particular, 2010 was declared the Year of
harmoniously developed generation, 2014 the Year of Healthy Child, and
2016 the Year of Healthy Mother and Child. As long as the nation and its
representatives are not biologically healthy as individuals, it will also be
difficult to think of a fully spiritual individual and population. That is why
I.A. Karimov said, “When I say healthy generation, personally, I understand,
first of all, that a healthy generation is not only physically strong but also
spiritually, mentally healthy, whole-faith, educated, spiritually strong, brave
and courageous, patriotic generation” [7,94].
The upbringing of young people as competent people capable of taking
on the burdens of the time and their education are recognized as issues of
strategic importance. All conditions have been created for them to receive a
thorough education under the requirements of the time, to acquire a
profession, to find a worthy place in society. After all, "National spirituality
is an intellectual and spiritual power that reflects the unique features,
traditions, customs, values , and mentality of the nation reflects its" itself ",
defines its identity and it is the inner potential that drives it to
development.” [8,164] Human spirituality is formed only during education
and becomes a driving force.
Aspects of human language, beliefs, profession, etiquette are socio-
cultural aspects. The fact that man is a moral being is the first aspect of social
culture. One of the manifestations of human bio culture is that the sexual
division between husband and wife, the age division, the kinship ties (e.g.,
the relationship between parents and children) serves as the biological basis
for being a moral being. Conversely, these bio cultural aspects of man are
manifested through socio-cultural aspects - connections, for example, the
husband and wife maintain their status in society and the family, that
parents maintain their status in the system of relations with children and
apply under social norms. The status and responsibilities of masculinity are
also ethical cultural processes.
Gender-related manners are also historical. The fact that matriarchal
and patriarchal lifestyles have given rise to specific moral requirements is
clear evidence of this. As thinkers point out, the first slavery is the slavery of
women. From this period, patriarchy, that is, the priorities of the rights of
the male and accordingly, moral demands have arisen. Proof of this is the
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
15
fact that in ancient India, at the funeral of a Brahman, both his slaves and his
wives were added to the burial rite in the verse that they would “serve”.
Humanity is the core, the main part, the essence of morality. True
humanity began in the transition from a primitive herd state to a hereditary
system and dates back to the days when a family was made up of a couple
instead of a blood family (i.e., a brother, a sister is a husband and a wife to
each other at the same time).
In the period of the emergence of socio-class structures, the way of life
and moral order of the nobility, priests, and the intelligentsia also emerged.
There is also a hedonistic approach to the science of aesthetics.
Hedonism means to enjoy in the Greek language. In "Philosophy: an
encyclopedic dictionary," it is said, "it is the pursuit of an idea and a way of
life that underlies the idea that enjoyment should be the essence of human
life." [9,235] Today, a model of hedonistic moral culture is being put forward
in the West, and as V. Jadan says: “A group subject of hedonistic moral
culture included mainly aristocrats because their lifestyle was at a level that
allowed them to develop their intellectual abilities. Besides, this group
included peasants with intellectual potential, who were involved in creative
activities by the aristocracy” [10,56].
Man and his units are the creators and carriers of moral culture. Without
them, moral life will not happen. That is why man and his units are the core
of moral life - the main substantial element that makes up the system of
moral culture. "Our main asset," said I.A. Karimov, " and our mainstay on the
path to build a developed state is man." He is a highly qualified and highly
spiritual person ” [11,25-26].
Moral culture is essentially reflected in the socio-economic, political,
and spiritual development of a society. The main goal of moral culture is to
lead a person to the truth, to bring him up as a perfect person. At the same
time, moral culture comes into direct contact with social life. Development
of moral culture, to study the experiences of the peoples of the world in this
field and application in various spheres of social life prevent ideas such as
egocentrism, individualism. After all, moral culture contributes to the
upbringing of young people who find their place and identity in life, able to
withstand the requirements of modern times and ideological struggles, have
mastered a particular science or profession and are constantly researching
to improve their skills in this field, are progressive-minded and have high
spirituality and national ideology.
If we analyze the morality of man and his units in terms of the dialectic
of generality, specificity, and individuality, the macro-units of human beings
share the commonality of nation and humanity, and in this, we see the
superiority of the moral mentality over the micro-units of human beings —
family and labor communities and the spiritual image of the individual. "Civil
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
16
society," says B.U. Rakhmonov, " legally and objectively regulates the
delicate and vital situations of a self-organized person based on law, if
morals and values cannot regulate them” [12,15]
The common side and foundation common to all human beings is
rationality. Raising morality in the individual happens through the
processing of the mind. Commonality is substantive. Commonality is
manifested in particular through individuality, so the role of the middle link
- the family and work communities (including kindergartens and secondary
schools) - is of primary importance in the formation of man as a moral being.
In Article 5 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On State Youth
Policy" adopted on September 14, 2016: "The main directions of the state
policy on youth are as follows: ensuring the rights, freedoms and legitimate
interests of young people;
protecting the lives and health of young people;
promoting the spiritual, intellectual, physical and moral development of
young people;
ensuring open and quality education for young people;
employment of young people and creating conditions for their
employment;
to educate young people in the spirit of patriotism, citizenship,
tolerance, respect for the law, national and universal values, to have a strong
belief in life, being able to resist harmful influences and religious currents
"[13] therefore, the main activities on moral education should be focused on
family and labor communities, especially kindergartens and general
secondary schools. This covers the individual to a certain extent: at least, the
raising of the moral image of the individual takes place at the level of the
requirements of society. That is why W. Humboldt said, "Where there is a
small moral image, there is no great man" [14,106].
As noted by President Sh. Mirziyoyev - "We will mobilize all the forces
and capabilities of our state and society for the development and happiness
of our young people as independent thinkers, with high intellectual and
spiritual potential, who are not inferior to their peers in any field around the
world" [15,56]. The time itself requires the practical work of characteristics
of great ancestors such as courage, bravery, fearlessness, patience, kindness,
tolerance, humanity, compassion, thoughtfulness and gentleness, and
constant adherence to it.
In short, human beings are the creator of moral culture, the nucleus of
society, including moral life, and the bearer of it from generation to
generation. That is why man and his units are the main substantial element
that makes up the system of moral culture of society as well. The fulfillment
of the law of the social basis of man and his units concerning all spheres of
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
17
social life is explained by the fulfillment of the law of his defining role as a
moral subject in the moral life.
References:
1.
Mamarasulov B.Sh. Substantial and institutional features of the
national idea (on the example of Uzbekistan). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Philosophical sciences,dissertation abstract.-Samarkand.-2018. Page 12
2.
Annotated dictionary of the Uzbek language. Volume 1 –M.: “Russian
language”, 1981. Page 520.
3.
Ibrohimov A., Sultonov Kh., Juraev N. Vatan tuyg’usi. –T.; Uzbekistan,
1997. p.54.
4.
Norkuziev S. Comparative norms of morality. –T.: “Sharq”, 2019. Page
40.
5.
Kalkonov E.T. The laws of dependence of the formation and
application of patriotism (Social Philosophical Analysis). Candidate of
Philosophical Sciences dissertation Abstract. -T., 2011. P 12 .
6.
Mirziyoev Sh.M. We will build our great future together with our
brave and noble people. - “Uzbekistan”, 2017. 103 p.
7.
Karimov I.A. Healthy generation - the future of our people // Karimov
I.A Free and prosperous homeland, Free and prosperous life - the ultimate
goal. Volume 8 –T.: “Uzbekistan”, 2000. p.94.
8.
Atamuratov S. Globalization and national-spiritual security. - T.
«Uzbekistan», 2013.-P.164.
9.
Philosophical encyclopedic dictionary. T.: "Sharq", Publishing
Printing Campaign Society, 2004. P 235.
10.
Zhadan V. B. universal signs of hedonism and aspectism //
Van.Kharkov national University named after V. N. Karozin. Theory of
culture: philosophy of science. - Harkov, 2005. - P. 56.
11.
Karimov I.A. Our path is the path of independent statehood and
development. –T .: “Uzbekistan”, 1994.25-26 pages.
12.
Rahmonov B.U. Philosophical substantiation of the spiritual self-
organization of man. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Philosophical sciences.
Dissertation Abstracts. –Samarkand- 2017. Page 15.
13.
Collection of Legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2016, No. 37,
Article 426; 2017, No. 24, Article 487; National Database of Legislation,
24.07.2018, No. 03/18/486/1559.
14.
Humboldt V. The Definitions of State Activities- Series: RSL Library:
Politics Socium, 2009. P.106.
15.
Mirziyoev Sh. Together we will build a free and prosperous
democratic state of Uzbekistan. Tashkent ―Uzbekistan – 2016
