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Eldor Ortikov, Teacher, Termez branch of Tashkent State Pedagogical
University named after Nizami
A.A.Avliyakulov, Associate professor, head of department of Termez
branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University
A.A.Avazov,
Student of Termez State University
MODERN TRENDS IN THE STUDY OF ECONOMIC THEORY
E.Ortikov, A. Avliyakulov, A. Avazov
Abstract. Economic theory is a general economic and theoretical science
that studies the principles, concepts and principles of economic
development. Economic theory is called "Economics", "Economics" and
"Political Economy" in foreign countries, and "Economic Theory" in the CIS.
Economic theory studies economics in general and applied to each economic
system, analyzes economic events at the micro and macro levels, as well as
at the level of the world economy.
In Uzbekistan, this subject is studied in schools as "Fundamentals of
Economic Knowledge", in colleges and academic lyceums as "Fundamentals
of Economics" and in higher education institutions as "Economic Theory".
Key words. Fundamentals of Economic Knowledge, economic Theory,
General economic concepts.
The subject of economic theory is the behavior of people to meet their
needs on the basis of alternative management in the conditions of limited
economic resources, the economic conditions that determine them. This
science studies the economic behavior of business entities (firms,
households, individuals and the state) as a whole. His research interests
include economic phenomena in production, exchange, distribution, and
consumption. Natural conditions are the climate, the structure of the soil,
the amount of mineral resources, the flora and fauna, the ability of people to
work, all of which affect economic activity.
Economic theory studies its subject using a number of methodological
principles: the integrity of all economic phenomena, the formation of an
economic system, in which each of them has its place, they interact;
considers economic reality not in a rigid way, but in development and
renewal, taking into account the fact that one reality is replaced by another,
that form takes on new content in old events; draws attention to the fact that
human economic activity is affected not only by the economy, but also by the
laws of nature.
Nature can exist without a human society, but society cannot exist
outside of nature because it is related to the use of natural resources, nature
is the material basis of the economy; changes in the economy go much faster
than changes in nature, so the laws of economic development are constantly
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changing; natural phenomena occur spontaneously without human
participation, economic phenomena occur through human activity, but this
activity is required by objective conditions;
Although economic theory does not directly study technology, it does
not bypass its impact on the economy, but rather takes it into account. It
theoretically substantiates the economic boundaries of whether or not to
introduce technology; studies the economy not in its pure form, but taking
into account the influence of socio-political, spiritual, moral, national-
democratic factors on it. The economy is a part of social life, so society is also
affected by it.
Although economic theory does not study politics, it deals with its
impact on the economy because a properly chosen policy has a positive
effect on the economy and vice versa. A policy that takes into account the
economic situation, the application of laws in this situation, and,
consequently, the existence of economic necessity, measures to address it,
has an active impact on economic development. In this sense, economics can
be considered the scientific basis of politics. When economic theory studies
various phenomena and processes in economics, they are interpreted
scientifically at the level of concepts.
Economic concepts are theoretical knowledge used in the study of
economics, they are a scientific expression of real economic reality. They are
studied in 2 groups:
General economic concepts are concepts specific to all stages of
economic development, for example: labor, production, product, labor,
resource, etc.
Some socio-economic system-specific concepts, such as money,
demand, supply, valuation, credit, emissions, inflation, are specific to some
systems. Economic theory describes economic laws based on the
generalization of the characteristics of economic processes and events.
The most basic method of analysis of economic theory is to draw
conclusions based on abstraction. The authors of "Economics" in the West,
R. McConnell and L. Brew writes that theory is not a laboratory science.
Therefore, the method of scientific abstraction plays a key role in the theory.
This method is the analysis of economic phenomena in a way that excludes
the transient, secondary facts that affect them, to generalize theoretically, to
draw scientific conclusions.
This method allows to know the nature of economic phenomena, to
reveal their specific laws. In the study of economic knowledge and theories
in Western Europe and many developed countries, R. McConnell and L.
Brue's Economics-1 and Economics-2 are used as textbooks, with the first
book focusing on the theoretical foundations of microeconomics, the second
on the analysis of macroeconomic concepts, and examples from the U.S.
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economy. Therefore, it can be concluded that "Economic Theory" studies
generalized theories of microeconomics and macroeconomics.
References:
1.Azareva V. V., Kruglov V. I., Puzankov D. V., Sobolev V. S., Solovev V. P.,
Stepanov I. V., Stepanov S. A., Yashchenko V. V. "Methodical
recommendations on the integrated model of the system of qualitative and
educational institutions" - St. Petersburg, Izdatelstvo SPb. GETU «LETI»,
2006
2.The Bologna Process 2020 – The European Higher Education Area in
the new decade. Communique of the Conference of the Conference of
European
Ministers
Responsible
for
Higher
Education.
LeuvenandLouvaiNeuve, 28-29 April 2009 // - №7.- С.156-162
3.www.bilimdon uz. - Website of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary
Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
4.www.pedagog.uz. - TDPU site
5.www.newhorizons.org. -New horizons of education.
6.www.ziyonet.uz
Karomat Alikulova, Student of Termez branch of Tashkent State
Pedagogical University named after Nizami
INTERACTIVE METHODS OF TEACHING CHILDREN AND ITS THEORETICAL
BASIS
K.Alikulova
“We need to give our talented, dedicated children wings to help our
children reach the pinnacle of knowledge and career”.
I.Karimov
Abstract. At present, a number of developed countries have accumulated
rich experience in the use of pedagogical technologies that increase the
learning and creative activity of students and ensure the effectiveness of the
educational process. is of particular importance.
In this rapidly changing world, teachers' pedagogical skills, methods and
techniques are changing, evolving and modernizing.
Keywords. Pedagogical skills, education, interactive methods, modern
technologies, communication,
